1923: Year

The Julian calendar was made obsolete starting that year, though Eastern Orthodox churches still use the Julian Calendar.

• January 1 – Grouping of all UK railway companies into four larger companies
• January 10 – Lithuania seizes and annexes Memel
• January 11 – Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to pay its reparation payments
• February 16 – Howard Carter unseals the burial chamber of Pharaoh Tutankhamun
• February 22 – Barcelona (Catalonia): Albert Einstein visits the city, invited by the scientist Esteban Terradas i Illa, as part of the monografics course of High Studies and Exchange organized by the Mancomunitat de Catalunya and conducted by Rafael de Campalans.
• March – Antigone by Jean Cocteau appears on a Paris stage. Settings by Pablo Picasso, music by Arthur Honegger, and costumes by Gabrielle Chanel. Antonin Artaud played the part of Tiresias.
• March 1 – USS Connecticut decommissioned
• March 2 – Time Magazine hits newsstands for the first time
• March 9 – Vladimir Lenin suffers a stroke, his third, which renders him bedridden and unable to speak; consequently he retires his position as Chairman of the Soviet government.
• April – End of Irish Civil War
• April 12 – Kandersteg International Scout Centre came into existence.
• April 23 – Ceremonial inauguration of Gdynia Seaport
• April 26 – Wedding of Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in Westminster Abbey
• May 23 – Launch of Belgium's SABENA Airlines
• May 27 – Ku Klux Klan defies law requiring publication of its members
• June 9 – Military coup in Bulgaria – prime minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski is ousted (he is killed June 14)
• June 18 – Etna volcano erupts – 60.000 made homeless

January

 

 

• January 15 – Lee Teng-hui, 4th President of the Republic of China (d. 2020)
• January 25 – Arvid Carlsson, Swedish neuroscientist (d. 2018)
• January 31 – Norman Mailer, American writer and journalist (d. 2007)

February

 

 

 

• February 4 - Conrad Bain, Canadian-American actor (d. 2013)
• February 4 – Belisario Betancur, 26th President of Colombia (d. 2018)
• February 12 – Franco Zeffirelli, Italian film director (d. 2019)

March

 

• March 22 – Marcel Marceau, French actor (d. 2007)

April

 

• April 5 – Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, 2nd President of South Vietnam (d. 2001)
• April 23 - Krastyu Trichkov, Bulgar politician

May

 

 

 

 

• May 7 – Anne Baxter, American actress (d. 1985)
• May 10 – Heydar Aliyev, 3rd President of Azerbaijan (d. 2003)
• May 27 – Henry Kissinger, 56th United States Secretary of State (d. 2023)
• May 28 – N. T. Rama Rao, Indian actor, director and politician (d. 1996)
• May 31 – Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (d. 2005)

June

• June 25 – Sam Francis, American painter (d. 1994)

July

 

 

 

• July 6 – Wojciech Jaruzelski, 1st President of Poland (d. 2014)
• July 11 – Richard Pipes, Polish-American academic and political expert (d. 2018)
• July 22 – Bob Dole, American politician (d. 2021)

August

 

 

• August 2 – Shimon Peres, 9th President of Israel (d. 2016)
• August 10 – Rhonda Fleming, American actress (d. 2020)

September

 

• September 16 – Lee Kuan Yew, 1st Prime Minister of Singapore (d. 2015)

October

 

 

 

• October 4 – Charlton Heston, American actor and political activist (d. 2008)
• October 5 – Glynis Johns, Welsh stage and film actress, dancer, pianist and singer
• October 15 – Italo Calvino, Italian writer (d. 1985)

November

December

 

• December 13 – Philip W. Anderson, American Nobel physicist (d. 2020)

• February 10 – Wilhelm Röntgen, German physician and Nobel Prize laureate

• Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine won by Frederick Banting, Canadian doctor, and John James Rickard Macleod, Scottish physiologist