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Hoxhaism

Hoxhaism (/ˈhɒdʒə.ɪzəm/ HOJ-ə-iz-əm) is a variant of anti-revisionist Marxism–Leninism that developed in the late 1970s due to a split in the anti-revisionist movement, appearing after the ideological dispute between the Chinese Communist Party and the Party of Labour of Albania in 1978.

The ideology is named after Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Party of Labour from 1941 to 1985 and leader of Albania from 1944 to 1985.

Hoxhaism
Translated works by Albanian leader Enver Hoxha

Overview

Hoxhaism demarcates itself by a strict defense of the legacy of Joseph Stalin, the organization of the Soviet Union under Stalinism, and fierce criticism of virtually all other communist groupings as revisionist—it defines currents such as Eurocommunism as anti-communist movements.

Critical of the United States, the Soviet Union, China, and Yugoslavia, Enver Hoxha labeled the latter three "social imperialist" and condemned the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, before withdrawing Albania from the Warsaw Pact in response. Hoxhaism asserts the right of nations to pursue socialism by different paths, dictated by the conditions in those countries, although Hoxha personally held the view that Titoism was "anti-Marxist" in overall practice.

The Albanians succeeded in ideologically winning over a large share of anti-revisionists, mainly in Latin America (such as the Popular Liberation Army and the Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador as well as the Revolutionary Communist Party of Brazil), but they also had a significant international following in general.[citation needed] Today there's still a strong Hoxhaist presence in several Latin American countries, notably Ecuador where the PCMLE has significant support through its electoral front the Popular Unity Movement and influence within Ecuadorian trade unions.

Following the fall of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania in 1991, many Hoxhaist parties grouped themselves around an international conference founded in 1994 and the publication Unity and Struggle.

The term Hoxhaism is rarely employed by the organizations which are associated with this trend, with Hoxhaists viewing Hoxha's theoretical contributions to Marxism as strictly an augmentation of anti-revisionism rather than a distinct ideology. Hoxhaists typically identify themselves with Marxism–Leninism or Stalinism.

List of Hoxhaist parties

Active

Historical

See also

References

Tags:

Hoxhaism OverviewHoxhaism List of Hoxhaist partiesHoxhaismAnti-revisionismChinese Communist PartyEnver HoxhaHelp:IPA/EnglishHelp:Pronunciation respelling keyMarxism–LeninismParty of Labour of AlbaniaPeople's Socialist Republic of AlbaniaSecretary (title)Sino-Albanian split

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