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Foreign Relations Of The Gambia

The Gambia followed a formal policy of non-alignment throughout most of former President Dawda Jawara's tenure.

It maintained close relations with the United Kingdom, Senegal, and other African countries. The July 1994 coup strained The Gambia's relationship with Western powers, particularly the United States. Starting in 1995, President Yahya Jammeh established diplomatic relations with several additional countries, including Libya, the Republic of China (on Taiwan, before 2013), and Cuba. As scholars on Gambia's foreign policy have argued, throughout Jammeh's period, the country's foreign policy was a shifting sand, with little of direction.

Amat Jeng, a scholar on Gambia's foreign policy, argues that "The Gambia under Jammeh was not constrained by the bureaucratic hurly-burly which characterizes the foreign policy terrain of big democracies. In The Gambia, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) had, on several occasions, been left in a vacuum, thereby placing it under the Office of the President. Between 1997 and 2013, the MFA had been occupied by more than 18 different ministers in more than 20 sworn-in occasions. This qualifies the argument that Jammeh had always had the power to fire ministers at will. In North Korea, the MFA has been occupied only by ten different foreign ministers since 1948."


During his last years, the EU grew increasingly intolerant of Jammeh's iron-fist rule. Consequently, Brussels withheld millions of Euros to The Gambia. Jammeh fired back by expelling the EU's top diplomat in the country after he had accused the bloc and human rights activists of conniving to besmirch the image of his government for its stance on homosexuality.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which the Gambia maintains diplomatic relations with:

Foreign Relations Of The Gambia 
# Country Date
1 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  United Kingdom 18 February 1965
2 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Japan 18 February 1965
3 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Turkey 18 February 1965
4 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  South Korea 21 April 1965
5 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Germany 26 April 1965
6 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Senegal 13 May 1965
7 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Lebanon 24 May 1965
8 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Ghana 28 May 1965
9 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Nigeria 28 May 1965
10 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  France 31 May 1965
11 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Israel 3 June 1965
12 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  India 25 June 1965
13 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Russia 17 July 1965
14 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  United States 9 August 1965
15 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Spain 14 August 1965
16 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Italy 30 October 1965
17 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Liberia 3 November 1965
18 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Mauritania 15 December 1965
19 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Brazil 1965
20 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Serbia 1965
21 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Egypt 31 January 1966
22 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Belgium 7 February 1966
23 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia   Switzerland 30 March 1966
24 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Morocco 29 June 1966
25 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Netherlands 1 August 1966
26 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Canada 24 August 1966
27 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Ethiopia 17 October 1966
28 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Sierra Leone 10 December 1966
29 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Pakistan 1967
30 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Sweden 1968
31 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Austria 1970
32 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Hungary 14 June 1971
33 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Mali 25 June 1971
34 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Romania 30 July 1971
35 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Guinea 6 August 1971
36 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Czech Republic 19 February 1972
37 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Tunisia 28 December 1972
38 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  North Korea 2 March 1973
39 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Vietnam 30 October 1973
40 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Algeria 1973
41 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Libya 1973
42 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Saudi Arabia 9 May 1974
43 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Guinea-Bissau 10 August 1974
44 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Venezuela 17 August 1974
45 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Kuwait 29 August 1974
46 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  China 14 December 1974
47 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Zambia 30 December 1974
48 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Bangladesh 1974
49 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Poland 21 January 1975
50 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Iran 27 January 1975
51 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Cameroon 8 March 1975
52 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Luxembourg 15 April 1975
53 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  United Arab Emirates 9 July 1975
54 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Ivory Coast 8 August 1975
55 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Mexico 15 August 1975
56 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Portugal 8 September 1976
57 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Malta 21 October 1976
58 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Togo 10 May 1977
59 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Suriname 17 October 1977
60 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Qatar 22 January 1978
61 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Cape Verde January 1978
— Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Holy See 7 June 1978
62 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Denmark January 1979
63 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Cuba 19 May 1979
64 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Argentina 15 January 1980
65 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Oman 4 February 1980
66 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Democratic Republic of the Congo 7 January 1981
67 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Niger 23 February 1981
68 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Malaysia 1981
69 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Australia 15 February 1982
70 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Iraq 16 February 1982
71 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Indonesia 30 May 1982
72 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Bahrain 6 February 1983
73 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Norway 8 February 1983
74 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Thailand 15 February 1985
75 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Yemen 28 March 1985
76 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Bahamas 1985
77 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Finland 1 September 1988
78 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Colombia 3 October 1988
79 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Maldives 3 July 1989
80 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Namibia 1990–1992
81 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Azerbaijan 11 November 1994
82 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Slovakia 18 August 1995
83 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Philippines 26 June 1996
84 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Bosnia and Herzegovina 12 July 1996
85 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Latvia 12 March 1998
86 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  South Africa 7 August 1998
87 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  North Macedonia 29 September 1998
88 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Croatia 16 October 1998
89 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Ukraine 2 July 1999
90 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Costa Rica 26 October 1999
91 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Lithuania 17 February 2000
92 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Kyrgyzstan 30 June 2000
93 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Cyprus 8 December 2000
94 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Ireland 29 May 2001
95 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Estonia 30 May 2001
96 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Belarus 10 April 2002
97 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Mauritius 4 March 2003
98 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Iceland 11 May 2004
99 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Madagascar 20 July 2004
100 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  San Marino 29 October 2004
101 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Slovenia 25 August 2005
102 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Guatemala 25 September 2006
103 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Jordan 13 March 2007
104 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Uruguay 25 September 2007
105 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Sudan 13 February 2008
106 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Kenya 15 October 2008
107 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2 March 2009
108 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Guyana 24 September 2009
109 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Georgia 21 April 2010
110 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Paraguay 22 April 2010
111 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Cambodia 28 April 2010
112 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Myanmar 13 January 2011
113 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Kazakhstan 26 April 2011
114 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Solomon Islands 19 May 2011
115 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Jamaica 29 November 2011
116 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Ecuador 1 December 2011
117 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Mongolia 22 December 2011
118 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Moldova 12 June 2012
119 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Zimbabwe 19 July 2012
120 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Dominica 26 July 2012
121 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Tuvalu 26 July 2012
122 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Turkmenistan 9 August 2012
123 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Montenegro 16 August 2012
124 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Kiribati 27 September 2012
125 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Nauru 27 September 2012
126 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Rwanda 14 July 2014
127 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Fiji 24 October 2014
128 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Singapore 23 January 2015
129 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Brunei 21 January 2016
130 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Saint Lucia 13 April 2016
131 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Saint Kitts and Nevis 6 June 2016
— Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Kosovo 23 September 2016
132 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Tajikistan 18 December 2017
133 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Armenia 9 October 2018
134 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Malawi 19 February 2019
135 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Tanzania 25 April 2019
136 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Dominican Republic 10 May 2019
137 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Sri Lanka 10 May 2019
138 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Nicaragua 8 July 2019
139 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia    Nepal 24 May 2021
140 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Djibouti 1 July 2021
141 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Chad 31 August 2021
142 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Gabon 1 September 2021
143 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Angola 3 September 2021
144 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Comoros 11 October 2021
145 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Burundi 15 October 2021
146 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Equatorial Guinea 29 May 2022
147 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Republic of the Congo 17 June 2022
148 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Somalia 22 June 2022
— Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 20 September 2023
149 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Belize 22 September 2023
150 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Seychelles 16 November 2023
151 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Botswana 13 February 2024
152 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Uzbekistan 14 March 2024
153 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Benin Unknown
154 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Burkina Faso Unknown
155 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Greece Unknown
— Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  State of Palestine Unknown
156 Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Uganda Unknown

Bilateral relations

Africa

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Algeria The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Benin The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Botswana The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Burkina Faso The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Cape Verde The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Democratic Republic of the Congo The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Ghana The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Guinea Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 August 1971 when Guinea's first resident Ambassador in Bathurst Boubacar Kassory Bangoura, has presented his credentials to President Jawara.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Guinea-Bissau Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 August 1974, when first ambassador of The Gambia Mr Sam Sarr presented his credentials to head of state Luis Cabral
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Kenya The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Liberia The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Libya The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Mali 25 June 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1971 when Gambia's first Ambassador to Mali , Mr. Samuel Jonathan Okiki Sarr , presented his credentials to the Head of States , Lieut. Traore.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Mauritania The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Morocco The two countries maintain diplomatic relations and the Gambia supports Morocco in regards to the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Namibia The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Niger Both countries were members of ECOWAS.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Nigeria The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Rwanda The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Somalia The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Sudan The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Tanzania The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Tunisia 1972 The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Uganda The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Zambia The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Azerbaijan 11 November 1994 See Azerbaijan-Gambia relations

On November 11, 1994, Azerbaijan and the Gambia signed the Protocol on the establishment of diplomatic relations.

Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Bangladesh Bangladesh and Gambia maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  China 14 December 1974 See China–Gambia relations

China and Gambia reestablished diplomatic relations on 17 March 2016.

Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  India 25 June 1965 See Gambia–India relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1965

Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Iran Both countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Iraq 16 February 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1982 when the Gambian president , Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara , has received the credentials of Nadim Ahmad al - Yasin , as Iraq's nonresident ambassador to the Republic of Gambia.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Israel Both countries reestablished diplomatic relations on 13 September 1992.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Kuwait Both countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Malaysia 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1981

See Gambia–Malaysia relations

The Malaysian embassy in Dakar is accredited to The Gambia while the Gambian embassy in Abu Dhabi is accredited to Malaysia. The relations are friendly and warm.

Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Oman Both countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  State of Palestine Gambia and the State of Palestine maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Taiwan — See Gambia–Taiwan relations

The Gambia firstly established diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan) in 1968, three years after The Gambia gained its independence from the United Kingdom.

In 1974, The Gambia switched diplomatic relations from ROC to the People's Republic of China but switched again back to ROC in 1995. In December 2006, the Premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) completed an official visit to the Gambia in part to pay respects to President Jammeh's inaugural ceremony and to donate funds for medical purposes. The Gambian Secretary of State reciprocated with an official visit to Taiwan. There have been several occasional official visits between the two countries. The People's Republic of China cut ties with the Gambia in 1995 after the latter established diplomatic links with the Republic of China (Taiwan). After 18 years, however, Gambian President Yahya Jammeh announced the breaking of diplomatic ties with ROC to recognize PRC on 14 November 2013 citing national strategic interest, immediately even after receiving US$6.6  million worth of aid from the Republic of China (Taiwan) earlier. The ROC officially terminated its ties with The Gambia four days later on 18 November 2013. In an unprecedented move, however, the PRC did not respond to Gambia's offer to establish diplomatic relations, presumably because of its desire to improve relations with Taiwan. The PRC and Gambia reestablished diplomatic relations on 17 March 2016.

Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Turkey 18 February 1965
  • The Gambia has an embassy in Ankara.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Banjul.
  • There are direct flights from Istanbul to Banjul since August 2018.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  United Arab Emirates Both countries maintain diplomatic relations.

Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Mexico 15 August 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1975
  • Mexico is accredited to The Gambia from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  United States 9 August 1965 See Gambia–United States relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 August 1965

U.S. policy seeks to build improved relations with the Gambia on the basis of historical ties, mutual respect, democratic rule, human rights, and adherence to UN resolutions on counterterrorism, conflict diamonds, and other forms of trafficking. In accordance with U.S. law, most direct bilateral development and military assistance to the Gambia was suspended because of the 1994 coup d'état. U.S. assistance continues, however, in the form of food aid administered through Catholic Relief Services, support for democracy and human rights projects, and the financing of girls' secondary education. In addition, the Peace Corps maintains a large program with about eighty volunteers engaged in the environment, public health, and education sectors, mainly at the village level.

The Gambia is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Austria The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Belgium Gambia has an embassy in Brussels.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Greece The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Italy Italy is represented in Gambia through its embassy in Dakar, Senegal.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Luxembourg Gambia is represented in Luxembourg through its embassy in Brussels.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Netherlands Gambia is represented in the Netherlands through its embassy in Brussels.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Russia 17 July 1965 See Gambia–Russia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 July 1965.

Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Spain 14 August 1965 See Gambia–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 August 1965

Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Sweden Gambia and Sweden maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia   Switzerland Gambia and Switzerland maintain diplomatic relations.
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  United Kingdom 18 February 1965 An 1889 agreement with France established the present boundaries. The Gambia became a British Crown Colony, British Gambia, divided for administrative purposes into the colony (city of Banjul and the surrounding area) and the protectorate (remainder of the territory). The Gambia received its own executive and legislative councils in 1901 and gradually progressed toward self-government. It passed a 1906 ordinance abolishing slavery.

During World War II, Gambian troops fought with the Allies in Burma. Banjul (then named Bathurst) served as an air stop for the U.S. Army Air Corps and a port of call for Allied naval convoys. U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt stopped overnight in Banjul en route to and from the Casablanca Conference in 1943, marking the first visit to the African continent by a sitting American president.

After World War II, the pace of constitutional reform increased. Following general elections in 1962, the United Kingdom granted full internal self-governance in the following year. The Gambia achieved independence on 18 February 1965, as a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth of Nations.

Pacific

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Foreign Relations Of The Gambia  Australia The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.

The Gambia and the Commonwealth of Nations

The Gambia was a member of the Commonwealth of Nations from its independence in 1965 until its withdrawal in October 2013.

After presidential elections in 2016, the winning candidate Adama Barrow promised to return The Gambia to the Commonwealth. On 14 February 2017, The Gambia began the process of returning and formally presented its application to re-join to Secretary-General Patricia Scotland on 22 January 2018. Boris Johnson, who became the first British Foreign Secretary to visit The Gambia since the country gained independence in 1965, announced that the British government welcomed The Gambia's return to the Commonwealth.

See also

References

Tags:

Foreign Relations Of The Gambia Diplomatic relationsForeign Relations Of The Gambia Bilateral relationsForeign Relations Of The Gambia The Gambia and the Commonwealth of NationsForeign Relations Of The GambiaCubaDawda JawaraLibyaNon-Aligned MovementRepublic of ChinaSenegalTaiwanThe GambiaYahya Jammeh

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