Amarinder Singh

A former Member of the Legislative Assembly, Punjab and Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, he was also the president of Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee. He has also previously served as the Chief Minister of Punjab from 2002 to 2007 and 2017 to 2021. His father was the last Maharaja of the princely state of Patiala. He has also served in the Indian Army from 1963 to 1966. In 1980, he won a seat in the Lok Sabha for the first time. As of November 2022, Singh also serves as the chairman of the Punjab Urdu Academy. Captain Singh resigned as the Chief Minister of Punjab on 18 September 2021. On 19 September 2022 he merged his party PLC with BJP and joined BJP on the same day.

Captain (Retd.) Amarinder Singh
Singh in 2017
15th Chief Minister of Punjab
In office 16 March 2017 – 19 September 2021
Governor	V. P. Singh Badnore Banwarilal Purohit
Preceded by	Parkash Singh Badal
Succeeded by	Charanjit Singh Channi
In office 26 February 2002 – 1 March 2007
Governor	J. F. R. Jacob O. P. Verma Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai (additional charge) Sunith Francis Rodrigues
Deputy	Rajinder Kaur Bhattal (from 6 January 2004)
Preceded by	Parkash Singh Badal
Succeeded by	Parkash Singh Badal
Additional ministries In office 16 March 2017 – 18 September 2021 Ministries and Departments Minister of Administrative Reforms, Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Horticulture,Conservation of Land and Water, Excise & Taxation, General Administration, Home Affairs & Justice, Legal & Legislative Affairs, Vigilance, Personnel, Civil Aviation, Defence Services Welfare, Hospitality, Investment Promotion, Information & Public Relations, Environment, Wildlife, NRI Affairs Government of Punjab, India Preceded by Parkash Singh Badal Succeeded by Charanjit Singh Channi
Member of the Legislative Assembly, Punjab
In office 11 March 2017 – 15 March 2022
Preceded by	Preneet Kaur
Succeeded by	Ajit Pal Singh Kohli
Constituency	Patiala
In office 2002–2014
Preceded by	Surjit Singh Kohli
Succeeded by	Preneet Kaur
Constituency	Patiala Town
In office 1992–1997
Preceded by	Hardial Singh Rajla
Succeeded by	Jagtar Singh Rajla
Constituency	Samana
In office 1985–1992
Preceded by	Avtar Singh
Succeeded by	Harminder Singh
Constituency	Talwandi Sabo
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
In office 26 May 2014 – 23 November 2016
Preceded by	Navjot Singh Sidhu
Succeeded by	Gurjit Singh Aujla
Constituency	Amritsar
In office 1980–1984
Preceded by	Gurcharan Singh Tohra
Succeeded by	Charanjit Singh Walia
Constituency	Patiala
Personal details
Born	(1942-03-11) 11 March 1942 (age 82) Patiala, Patiala State, Punjab States Agency, British India (present-day Punjab, India)
Political party	Bharatiya Janata Party
Other political affiliations	Punjab Lok Congress Indian National Congress Shiromani Akali Dal Shiromani Akali Dal (Panthic)
Spouse	Preneet Kaur ​ (m. 1964)​
Children	2, including Raninder Singh
Parents	Maharaja Yadavindra Singh Maharani Mohinder Kaur
Website	Official website
Military service
Allegiance	India
Branch/service	Indian Army
Years of service	1963–1966
Rank	Captain
Unit	Sikh Regiment
Battles/wars	Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
Pretender information
Title(s)	Maharaja of Patiala
Throne(s) claimed	Patiala
Pretend from	17 June 1974–present
Monarchy abolished	Sovereign monarchy 1947 (Instrument of Accession) Titular monarchy 1971 (26th Amendment of the Indian Constitution)
Predecessor	Yadavindra Singh
Signature

Singh was born on 11 March 1942 in Patiala City, Patiala State, Punjab Province, British India into a royal Punjabi Jat Sikh family of the Sidhu clan to parents Maharaja Sir Yadavindra Singh and Maharani Mohinder Kaur of Patiala. Amarinder Singh's family belongs to the Phulkian dynasty. He attended the Loreto Convent in Shimla, and Lawrence School in Kasauli, Solan District, before going to The Doon School in Dehradun. He has one son, Raninder Singh, and one daughter, Jai Inder Kaur. His wife, Preneet Kaur, served as an Member of Parliament and was Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs from 2009 to October 2012.

His elder sister Heminder Kaur is married to former Foreign Minister K. Natwar Singh. He is also related to Shiromani Akali Dal (A) supremo and former IPS Officer Simranjit Singh Mann. Mann's wife and Amarinder Singh's wife, Preneet Kaur, are sisters.

Singh served in the Indian Army from June 1963 to December 1966 after graduating from the National Defence Academy and the Indian Military Academy. He was commissioned into the Sikh Regiment. He served as the aide-de-camp to the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Command, Lieutenant General Harbaksh Singh, from December 1964. He left the army in early 1965 to look after his family but returned to service with the start of the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War.

His father and grandfather were also in army and many times he said that "Army will always be my first love".

He was inducted into the Congress by Rajiv Gandhi, who was his friend from school and was first elected to the Lok Sabha in 1980. In 1984, he resigned from Parliament and from Congress as a protest against the Army action during Operation Blue Star. Subsequently, he joined the Shiromani Akali Dal was elected to the state legislature from Talwandi Sabo and became a minister in the state government for Agriculture, Forest, Development and Panchayats.

In 1992 he broke away from the Akali Dal and formed a splinter group named Shiromani Akali Dal (Panthic) which later merged with the Congress in 1998 (after his party's crushing defeat in Vidhan Sabha election in which he himself was defeated from his own constituency where he got only 856 votes) after Sonia Gandhi took over the reins of the party. He was defeated by Prof Prem Singh Chandumajra from Patiala Constituency in 1998 by a margin of 33,251 votes. He served as the President of Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee on three occasions from 1999 to 2002, 2010 to 2013 and 2015 to 2017.

He has been a member of the Punjab Vidhan Sabha for five terms representing Patiala (Urban) thrice, Samana and Talwandi Sabo once each.

Chief Minister of Punjab, First term

He became Chief Minister of Punjab in 2002 and continued until 2007.

In September 2008, a special committee of Punjab Vidhan Sabha, during the tenure of a government led by Akali Dal-Bharatiya Janata Party, expelled him on the count of regularities in the transfer of land related to the Amritsar Improvement Trust. In 2010, the Supreme Court of India held his expulsion unconstitutional on the grounds that it was excessive and unconstitutional.

He was appointed as chairman of Punjab Congress Campaign Committee in 2008. Captain Amarinder Singh is also a Permanent Invitee to the Congress Working Committee since 2013.

Member of Parliament

He defeated senior BJP leader Arun Jaitley by a margin of 102,770 votes in 2014 general elections from Amritsar seat.

On 27 November 2015, Amarinder Singh was appointed President of Punjab Congress in the run up to Punjab elections slated for 2017.

Chief Minister of Punjab, second term

On 11 March 2017 Congress Party won the 2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election under his leadership. Amarinder Singh was sworn in as the 26th Chief Minister of Punjab on 16 March 2017 at Punjab Raj Bhavan, Chandigarh. The oath of office was administered by the Punjab governor, V.P. Singh Badnore. He was appointed president of the Jat Mahasabha in 2013.

During his tenure as chief minister, he came into conflict with a faction of the Congress headed by Navjot Singh Sidhu, and was criticised for being inaccessible to Congress MLAs, living in a farmhouse on the outskirts of Chandigarh instead of coming to the civil secretariat building. He also received criticism for not resolving the Bargari sacrilege case and for a perception that he had been insufficiently zealous in prosecuting previous CM Parkash Singh Badal for involvement in the case.

On 18 September 2021, he resigned as the Chief Minister of Punjab, as a consequence of conversations with the Congress high command that suggested the Punjab Congress MLAs were lacking confidence in his leadership. Singh publicly blamed Sidhu for the internal tension that led to the resignation, calling him "dangerous", "incompetent", and a "total disaster" and that he would fight any attempt to name Sidhu as the next CM of Punjab. Singh was eventually succeeded by Charanjit Singh Channi as the new chief minister.

Singh left the Congress Party, and on 28 October 2021, announced that he would be floating a new party soon and that he would be allying with the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Punjab Lok Congress

Punjab Lok Congress (PLC; English: Punjab People's Congress) is an Indian regional political party, in Punjab founded by Singh on 2 November 2021 after he resigned as Chief Minister of Punjab and quit the Indian National Congress. The party was formed following a split in Indian National Congress in Punjab. Singh has announced that his party will contest on all 117 seats in 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election. The party failed to win any seat in the elections.

2022 Punjab Assembly election

In 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, Singh lost from the Patiala Assembly constituency to Aam Aadmi Party's Ajit Pal Singh Kohli. Singh's party PLC lost election deposit in all but one of the 28 seats it had contested with garnering 0.54% of the total votes polled.

Bharatiya Janata Party

A few months after his election failure Singh along with his party merged into the Bharatiya Janata Party on 19 September 2022 after meeting with HM Amit Shah a few days before.

He has also written books on war and Sikh history which include A Ridge Too Far, Lest We Forget, The Last Sunset: Rise and Fall of Lahore Durbar and The Sikhs in Britain: 150 years of Photographs. Among his most recent works are Honour and Fidelity: India's Military Contribution to the Great War 1914 to 1918 released in Chandigarh on 6 December 2014, and The Monsoon War: Young Officers Reminisce – 1965 India-Pakistan War- which contains his memoirs of the 1965 Indo-Pak war.

The author Khushwant Singh released a biographic book titled, Captain Amarinder Singh: The People’s Maharaja in 2017.