Patiala State was a self-governing princely state of the Empire of India, and one of the Phulkian States, that acceded to the Union of India upon Indian dominionship and partition.
Patiala Kingdom/State was founded by Sidhu Jat Sikhs.
State of Patiala | |||||||||||||||||||
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1763–1947 | |||||||||||||||||||
Capital | Patiala | ||||||||||||||||||
Common languages | Punjabi (official) | ||||||||||||||||||
Religion | Sikh | ||||||||||||||||||
Government | Absolute monarchy | ||||||||||||||||||
Maharaja | |||||||||||||||||||
• 1707 - 1765 | Ala Singh | ||||||||||||||||||
• 1938 - 1947 | Yadavindra Singh | ||||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||||
• Established | 1763 | ||||||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1947 | ||||||||||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||||||||||
• Total | 15,389 km2 (5,942 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||||||||||
• 1881 | 1,467,433 | ||||||||||||||||||
• 1891 | 1,583,521 | ||||||||||||||||||
• 1901 | 1,596,692 | ||||||||||||||||||
Currency | Rupee And Paisa | ||||||||||||||||||
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Today part of | India Pakistan | ||||||||||||||||||
Early proposals of a Sikh nation of ‘Sikhistan’ led by Maharaja of Patiala were published by Dr VS Bhatti in 1940 for a “Khalistan led by the Maharaja of Patiala with the aid of a cabinet consisting of representative federating units”. These would consist of the central districts of Punjab province then directly administered by the British, including Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Ambala, Ferozpur, Amritsar and Lahore; the 'princely states' of the Cis-Sutlej, including Patiala, Nabha, Faridkot and Malerkolta; and the 'Shimla Group' of states. After partition of India in 1947, The Liberator, a Sikh publication advocated for Khalistan which would include East Punjab merged with PEPSU led by Maharaja of Patiala as its monarch.
The state's name came from the name of its principal city and capital, Patiala, which itself comes from the roots patti and ala. The word patti means "strip of land" in Punjabi, and 'ala' comes from the name of the founder of the city and Patiala state, Ala Singh, thus meaning ‘the land of Ala Singh’
In 1763, the Sikh confederation captured the fortress of Sirhind
The rulers of Patiala bore the title 'Maharaja-e Rajgan' from 1810 onward.[citation needed]
Religious group | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1941 | |||||
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Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hinduism | 880,490 | 55.14% | 563,940 | 40.06% | 642,055 | 42.81% | 623,597 | 38.36% | 597,488 | 30.86% |
Islam | 357,334 | 22.38% | 307,384 | 21.84% | 330,341 | 22.03% | 363,920 | 22.39% | 436,539 | 22.55% |
Sikhism | 355,649 | 22.27% | 532,292 | 37.81% | 522,675 | 34.85% | 632,972 | 38.94% | 896,021 | 46.28% |
Jainism | 2,877 | 0.18% | 3,282 | 0.23% | 3,249 | 0.22% | 3,578 | 0.22% | 3,101 | 0.16% |
Christianity | 316 | 0.02% | 739 | 0.05% | 1,395 | 0.09% | 1,449 | 0.09% | 1,592 | 0.08% |
Zoroastrianism | 26 | 0% | 22 | 0% | 21 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 21 | 0% |
Buddhism | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 3 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 3 | 0% |
Judaism | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 12 | 0% |
Others | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1,482 | 0.08% |
Total population | 1,596,692 | 100% | 1,407,659 | 100% | 1,499,739 | 100% | 1,625,520 | 100% | 1,936,259 | 100% |
Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. |
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