冠

Stroke order

Han character edit

冠 (Kangxi radical 14, 冖+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 月一山戈 (BMUI), four-corner 3721₄, composition ⿱冖㝴)

Derived characters edit

• 蒄

References edit

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 130, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1580
• Dae Jaweon: page 292, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 303, character 18
• Unihan data for U+51A0

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 冠
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 冖 (“hat”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – a hand putting a hat on the head.

Earlier forms are phono-semantic (形聲／形声, OC *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns) : semantic 冃 (“hat”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon).

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)wa-n (“to put on; to wear; to clothe”). Cognate with Tibetan བགོ (bgo, “to put on; to wear; clothing”), གོས (gos, “clothes; garments; dress”), གོན (gon), གྱོན (gyon, “to put on; to wear”), སྐོན (skon, “to dress; to clothe”).

Pronunciation 2 is the exopassive derivation of pronunciation 1, literally "(make someone to) be capped" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Definitions edit

冠

1. hat; cap

   皇冠  ―  huángguān  ―  crown

   衣冠楚楚  ―  yīguānchǔchǔ  ―  well-groomed

   • 高祖為亭長，乃以竹皮為冠。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     高祖为亭长，乃以竹皮为冠。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Gāozǔ wéi tíngzhǎng, nǎi yǐ zhú pí wéi guān. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. hat-shaped thing

   花冠  ―  huāguān  ―  wreath; crown

   雞冠／鸡冠  ―  jīguān  ―  cockscomb

Synonyms edit

Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Definitions edit

冠

1. (literary) to put on a hat; to wear a hat

   沐猴而冠  ―  mùhóu'érguàn  ―  a macaque wearing a hat

   • 「許子冠乎？」曰：「冠。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     「许子冠乎？」曰：「冠。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     “Xǔ zǐ guàn hū?” Yuē: “Guàn.” [Pinyin]

     'Does he wear a cap?' 'He wears a cap.'

2. (historical) ceremony marking a male's coming of age at 20

   • 男子二十冠而字。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Nánzǐ èrshí guàn ér zì. [Pinyin]

     A son at twenty is capped, and receives his appellation.

3. (historical, of a male) to reach adulthood
4. to rank first; to excel; to surpass

   冠軍／冠军  ―  guànjūn  ―  champion

   • 位冠群臣，聲施後世。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     位冠群臣，声施后世。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Wèi guàn qúnchén, shēng yì hòushì. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

5. (literary) to cover
6. to precede (e.g. with a title); to attach; to put on

   冠夫姓  ―  guàn fūxìng  ―  to add on one's husband's surname

7. champion; winner; victor

   奪冠／夺冠  ―  duóguàn  ―  to take first prize

8. (linguistics) Short for 冠詞／冠词 (guàncí, “article”).
9. a surname

Synonyms edit

• (ceremony marking a male's coming of age at 20): 元服 (yuánfú)

Compounds edit

References edit

• “冠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00304

Kanji edit

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. crown
2. best, peerless

Readings edit

• Go-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)^{←くわん (kwan, historical)}
• Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)^{←くわん (kwan, historical)}
• Kun: かんむり (kanmuri, 冠, Jōyō)
• Nanori: かもり (kamori); まさる (masaru)

Compounds edit

• 冠(かん)詞(し) (kanshi, “article”)

Derived terms edit

• 瓜(か)田(でん)に履(くつ)を納(い)れず、李(り)下(か)に冠(かんむり)を正(ただ)さず (kaden ni kutsu o irezu, rika ni kanmuri o tadasazu)

Etymology 1 edit

/kaɡapuri/ → /kaɡafuri/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation edit

• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡa̠ɸɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Noun edit

冠(かがふり) • (kagafuri) 

1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) head covering; headdress, crown
2. (by extension, archaic) order, rank

See also edit

• 位(い)階(かい) (ikai, “court rank”)

Etymology 2 edit

Likely a shift from kagafuri above, ancient kagapuri. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation edit

• (Tokyo) かぶり​ [kàbúríꜜ] (Odaka – [3])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠bɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Noun edit

冠(かぶり) • (kaburi) 

1. headdress, crown
2. (theater) large attendance, full house

   Synonym: 大入り (ōiri)

3. (archaic) order, rank

Etymology 3 edit

A shift from kaburi above. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation edit

• (Tokyo) かむり [kàmúrí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠mɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Noun edit

冠(かむり) • (kamuri) 

1. headdress, crown
2. distance from the tunnel's roof to the surface directly above it
3. (poetry) first (traditionally, five) morae of a haiku, etc.; specifically, the first verse or line of a poem

Etymology 4 edit

A shift from kagafuri above, ancient kagapuri.^[1]

Pronunciation edit

• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːbɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Noun edit

冠(こうぶり) • (kōburi) ^{←かうぶり (kauburi)?}

1. headdress, crown
2. order, rank
3. Synonym of 年爵 (“an annual salary in the Heian period”)

Compounds edit

• 初(うい)冠(こうぶり) (uikōburi, “crowning a boy for the first time at a coming-of-age ceremony​”)

Etymology 5 edit

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

冠

Wikipedia ^ja

The modern spelling. A shift from kōburi above, historical kauburi.^[1] Also encountered is kanburi.

Pronunciation edit

• (Tokyo) かんむり [kàńmúrí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
• (Tokyo) かんむ​り [kàńmúꜜrì] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [kã̠mːɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

• IPA^(key): [kã̠mbɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Noun edit

冠(かんむり) or 冠(かんぶり) • (kanmuri or kanburi) 

1. a crown (royal headdress)
   • 1999 November 18, “冠(かんむり)を戴(いただ)く蒼(あお)き翼(つばさ)”, in Vol.6, Konami:

     頭(あたま)の毛(け)が冠(かんむり)のように見(み)える、青(あお)白(じろ)く燃(も)えるトリ。

     Atama no ke ga kanmuri no yō ni mieru, aojiroku moeru tori.

     A bluish fiery bird whose feathers on its head resemble a crown.

2. a type of traditional cap
3. name; title; named sponsorship of a program, event, team, etc.​
4. the top radical of a kanji, such as 冖 as in 冠 itself

Compounds edit

Proper noun edit

冠(かんむり) • (Kanmuri) 

1. a female given name
2. a surname

Etymology 6 edit

Clipping of 鶏(と)冠(さか) (tosaka). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation edit

• IPA^(key): [sa̠ka̠]

Noun edit

冠(さか) • (saka) 

1. comb, crest (of a bird, particularly a chicken or pheasant); cockscomb

Etymology 7 edit

From Middle Chinese 冠 (MC kwan|kwanH).

Pronunciation edit

• (Tokyo) か​ん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Noun edit

冠(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?}

1. headpiece, crown

Derived terms edit

• 冠(かん)たる (kantaru, “best, unrivalled”)

Compounds edit

Adjective edit

冠(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?†}-tari (adnominal 冠(かん)とした (kan to shita) or 冠(かん)たる (kan taru), adverbial 冠(かん)と (kan to) or 冠(かん)として (kan to shite))

1. crown; champion

References edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 冠 (MC kwan|kwanH). Recorded as Middle Korean 관 (kwan) (Yale: kwan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

冠

Wikisource

冠 (eumhun 갓 관 (gat gwan))

1. Hanja form^? of 관 (“crown; hat”).

Compounds edit

References edit

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Han character edit

冠: Hán Nôm readings: quan, quán

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.