魔

Translingual edit

Han character edit

魔 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+11, 21 strokes, cangjie input 戈金竹山戈 (ICHUI) or 戈木竹山戈 (IDHUI) or 戈木竹戈 (IDHI), four-corner 0021₃, composition ⿸麻鬼)

Derived characters edit

𭤞, 𤜘, 𮫩

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1462, character 67
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45906
Dae Jaweon: page 1997, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4436, character 11
Unihan data for U+9B54

Chinese edit

trad.		魔
simp. ^#		魔
2nd round simp.		⿸广⿸⿻丿日乚

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (麻) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
麻	*mraːl
痲	*mraːl
犘	*mraːl
縻	*mral
醿	*mral
爢	*mral
蘼	mral, mralʔ, *mrɯl
靡	*mralʔ
摩	maːl, maːls
魔	*maːl
磨	maːl, maːls
劘	*maːl
麽	*maːl
麼	*maːlʔ
塺	maːls, mɯːl
麾	*hmral

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːl) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 鬼 (“demon”).

Etymology edit

Clipping of 魔羅 (MC ma la), from Sanskrit मार (māra, “killing; death; destroyer; demon”).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): mó (mo²)
(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ
(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mo²
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Dictionary): мо (mo, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): mo¹, mo⁴
Gan (Dictionary): mo⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): mô
(Meixian, Guangdong): mo²
Jin (Dictionary): me¹
Northern Min (KCR): mǒ̤
Eastern Min (BUC): mò̤
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): mô͘
(Teochew, Peng'im): mo⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶mo; ⁶mu
Xiang (Changsha, Dictionary): mo²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mó
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Yale: mwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: mo²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mo
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Dictionary: мо (mo, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mo¹, mo⁴
  - Yale: mō, mòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mo¹, mo⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mo¹, mo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔː⁵⁵/, /mɔː²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Dictionary: mo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mô
  - Hakka Romanization System: mo´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mo¹
  - Sinological IPA: /mo²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: mo²
  - Sinological IPA: /mo¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Dictionary: me¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /mɤ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǒ̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mò̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mô͘
  - Tâi-lô: môo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /mɔ̃²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /mɔ̃²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /mɔ̃²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mo⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶mo; ⁶mu
  - MiniDict: mo^去; mu^去
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mo; ³mu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mo²³/, /mu²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Dictionary: mo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo¹³/

Middle Chinese: ma

Rime
Character	魔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫婆切
Baxter	ma
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/muɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwa/
Li Rong	/muɑ/
Wang Li	/muɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/muɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mo⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*maːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	魔
Reading #	1/1
No.	8705
Phonetic component	麻
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	摩
Old Chinese	/*maːl/
Notes	梵譯māra，梁武帝改磨爲魔

Definitions edit

魔

(Buddhism) mara (demon)
devil; demon; evil spirit
fiend; harmful or evil thing or person
magic; the unnatural
crazy; delusional, manic
to be obsessed with; idolatry.
- 寶釵道：「可真是詩魔了。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  宝钗道：「可真是诗魔了。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18^th century CE
  Bǎochāi dào: “Kě zhēn shì shī mó le.” [Pinyin]
  Baochai says: “[She] really has been under a poetry craze.”

Synonyms edit

(devil):

凶煞 (xiōngshà) (literally or figuratively)
凶神 (xiōngshén) (literally or figuratively)
妖 (yāo)
妖孽 (yāoniè)
妖怪 (yāoguài)
妖物 (yāowù)
妖精 (yāojīng)
妖鬼 (yāoguǐ)
妖魔 (yāomó)
孽 (niè) (literary, or in compounds)
怪物 (guàiwu)
惡魔／恶魔 (èmó) (literally or figuratively)
煞 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
煞神 (shàshén) (literary, literally or figuratively)
精怪 (jīngguài)
精靈／精灵 (jīnglíng)
邪魔 (xiémó)
魔障 (mózhàng) (Buddhism)
魔鬼 (móguǐ) (literally or figuratively)

Compounds edit

么魔
九伯風魔／九伯风魔
九子魔母
事魔喫菜／事魔吃菜
事魔食菜
伏魔大帝
倦魔
入魔 (rùmó)
十六天魔
十魔
吃菜事魔
夢魔／梦魔
天子魔
天魔 (tiānmó)
夭魔
天魔外道
天魔舞
好事多魔 (hǎoshìduōmó)
妖魔 (yāomó)
妖魔鬼怪 (yāomóguǐguài)
寶魔／宝魔
小業魔／小业魔
惡魔／恶魔 (èmó)
愁魔
文魔
書魔／书魔
毒魔狠怪
混世魔王
潑魔／泼魔
災魔／灾魔
焰魔天
煩惱魔／烦恼魔
熱魔／热魔
牛魔王 (niú mówáng)
狐媚魔道
病魔 (bìngmó)
瘋魔／疯魔 (fēngmó)
癡魔／痴魔
着魔 (zháomó)
睡魔
神謀魔道／神谋魔道
神魔 (shénmó)
禪魔／禅魔
群魔
羣魔亂舞／羣魔乱舞 (qúnmóluànwǔ)
群魔亂舞／群魔乱舞 (qúnmóluànwǔ)
花魔酒病
著魔／着魔 (zháomó)
蛇魔
詞魔／词魔
詩魔／诗魔
變魔術／变魔术
走火入魔 (zǒuhuǒrùmó)
走魔入火
造魔
道高一尺，魔高一丈 (dào gāo yī chǐ, mó gāo yī zhàng)
道高魔重
邪魔 (xiémó)
邪魔外祟
邪魔外道
邪魔怪道
邪魔歪道 (xié mó wāi dào)
酒魔
酒魔頭／酒魔头
鍊魔／炼魔
降魔
降魔杵
降魔棍
陰魔／阴魔
面魔羅／面魔罗
風風魔魔／风风魔魔
風魔／风魔
風魔九伯／风魔九伯
食菜事魔 (shícàishìmó)
鬧魔／闹魔
鬼頭魔眼／鬼头魔眼
鬼魔
鬼魔三道
鬼魔道
魔事
魔侯羅／魔侯罗
魔力 (mólì)
魔劫
魔合羅／魔合罗
魔君
魔咒 (mózhòu)
魔境
魔天
魔女 (mónǚ)
魔媼／魔媪
魔宮／魔宫
魔家
魔山
魔幻 (móhuàn)
魔影 (móyǐng)
魔心
魔念
魔怪 (móguài)
魔怔 (mózheng)
魔惑
魔意
魔手
魔掌 (mózhǎng)
魔教
魔數／魔数
魔方 (mófāng)
魔星 (móxīng)
魔杖 (mózhàng)
魔板
魔棒
魔棍
魔民
魔氛
魔法 (mófǎ)
魔法石
魔漿／魔浆
魔燄／魔焰
魔爪 (mózhǎo)
魔物
魔王 (mówáng)
魔王夜叉
魔瓶
魔瘴
魔祟
魔窟 (mókū)
魔笛
魔羅／魔罗 (móluó)
魔芋 (móyù)
魔行
魔術／魔术 (móshù)
魔術師／魔术师 (móshùshī)
魔術數字／魔术数字
魔術方塊／魔术方块 (móshù fāngkuài)
魔術蛇／魔术蛇
魔說／魔说
魔軍／魔军
魔道 (módào)
魔邪
魔酡
魔鏡／魔镜 (mójìng)
魔障 (mózhàng)
魔難／魔难 (mónàn)
魔雲／魔云
魔電／魔电
魔音傳腦／魔音传脑
魔頭／魔头 (mótóu)
魔頭星／魔头星
魔風／魔风
魔駝／魔驼
魔高一尺，道高一丈
魔鬼 (móguǐ)
魔鬼學派／魔鬼学派
魔鬼湖
魔鬼身材 (móguǐ shēncái)
魔魅
魔魍
魔魘／魔魇
魘魔／魇魔
魘魔法／魇魔法

Japanese edit

Shinjitai	魔
Kyūjitai ^[1]	魔󠄁 魔+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	魔󠄃 魔+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji edit

魔

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

demon, evil spirit
sorcery, witchcraft

Readings edit

Go-on: ま (ma, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ば (ba)

Compounds edit

Compounds

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
魔
ま Grade: S
goon

From Middle Chinese 魔 (MC ma).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ma̠]

Affix edit

魔(ま) • (ma)

demon, devil, evil spirit, evil influence

References edit

^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2387 (paper), page 1245 (digital)

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 魔 (MC ma). Recorded as Middle Korean 마 (ma) (Yale: ma) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

魔

Wikisource

魔 (eumhun 마귀 마 (magwi ma))

Hanja form^? of 마 (“demon”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

마법 (魔法, mabeop, “magic”)
마력 (魔力, maryeok, “magical power/strength”)
악마 (惡魔, angma, “demon; devil; fiend”)
마귀 (魔鬼, magwi, “devil; demon ghost”)
마녀 (魔女, manyeo, “witch, sorceress”)
마술 (魔術, masul, “magic”)

References edit

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

魔: Hán Việt readings: ma

chữ Hán form of ma (“ghost”).

[1] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2387 (paper), page 1245 (digital)

[1]