霍

Translingual edit

Han character edit

霍 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一月人土 (MBOG), four-corner 1021₄, composition ⿱⻗隹)

Derived characters edit

嚯, 攉, 瀖, 㺢, 曤, 㰌, 㸌, 臛, 皬, 矐, 礭, 㱋, 鸖, 藿, 籗, 癨

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1375, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42321
Dae Jaweon: page 1884, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4068, character 1
Unihan data for U+970D

Chinese edit

trad.		霍
simp. ^#		霍

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (霍) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
靃	sqʰʷalʔ, qʰʷaːɡ
臛	*qʰʷoːɡ
籗	*kʰʷaːɡ
霍	*qʰʷaːɡ
藿	*qʰʷaːɡ
攉	*qʰʷaːɡ
矐	qʰʷaːɡ, qʰaːɡ
瀖	*qʰʷaːɡ
癨	*qʰʷaːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 雨 (“rain”) + 隹 (“bird”)

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): huò (huo⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ
(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ho² / ho⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): fok³
Gan (Dictionary): foh⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): vok
(Meixian, Guangdong): fog⁵
Northern Min (KCR): hŏ̤
Eastern Min (BUC): huók
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hok
(Teochew, Peng'im): kag⁴
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁷hoq
Xiang (Changsha, Dictionary): ho⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huò
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huò
  - Wade–Giles: huo⁴
  - Yale: hwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
  - Palladius: хо (xo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ho² / ho⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xo / xo
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xo²¹/, /xo²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fok³
  - Yale: fok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: fog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːk̚³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Dictionary: foh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔʔ⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vok
  - Hakka Romanization System: vog`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /vok̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /fɔk̚¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hŏ̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɔ²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huɔʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok
  - Tâi-lô: hok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰak̚²/
Wu
- (Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁷hoq
  - MiniDict: hoh^入
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴hoq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hoʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /hoʔ⁴³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Dictionary: ho⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xo²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 霍
Mandarin	Beijing	/xuo²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/xuo²¹³/
	Tianjin	/xuo¹³/
	Jinan	/xuə²¹³/
	Qingdao	/xuə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/xuo²⁴/
	Xi'an	/xuo²¹/
	Xining	/xu⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xuə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/xuə³¹/
	Ürümqi	/xuɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/xuo²¹³/
	Chengdu	/xo¹³/
	Guiyang	/xo²¹/
	Kunming	/xo³¹/
	Nanjing	/xoʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/xɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xuaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/xuʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/xuəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/hoʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/hoʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/hoʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ho²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/xɔʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/xo¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/xo²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ho⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/fɔʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/fok̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fɔk̚³/
	Nanning	/kʰɔk̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/fɔk̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hɔk̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/huɔʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xɔ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰak̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/xɔk̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: xwak

Rime
Character	霍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	鐸 (104)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	虚郭切
Baxter	xwak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hwɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/hʷɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwak̚/
Li Rong	/xuɑk̚/
Wang Li	/xuɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/xwɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fok³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷaːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	霍
Reading #	1/1
No.	5608
Phonetic component	霍
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	霍
Old Chinese	/*qʰʷaːɡ/

Definitions edit

霍

quickly; suddenly
(Wuhan Mandarin) lightning
a surname
霍去病 ― Huò Qùbìng ― Huo Qubing (Chinese military general in the Western Han dynasty)

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 閃電 (“lightning”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		電, 霍閃
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		閃電
Mandarin	Beijing	閃
	Taiwan	閃電
	Harbin	閃
	Yantai (Muping)	閃
	Jinan	閃
	Luoyang	閃, 忽閃
	Wanrong	霍閃
	Wanrong (Ronghe)	閃電
	Xi'an	閃電
	Yinchuan	火閃
	Lanzhou	閃
	Xining	閃電
	Ürümqi	閃電
	Wuhan	霍
	Chengdu	火閃, 閃, 閃電
	Guiyang	火閃, 閃
	Liuzhou	閃
	Xuzhou	閃
	Yangzhou	閃
	Nanjing	閃, 閃電
	Hefei	閃
	Nantong	霍閃, 霍響
	Singapore	閃電
Cantonese	Guangzhou	閃電
	Hong Kong	閃電
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	天攝
	Zhongshan (Chongkoumen Tanka)	天攝
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	天霎
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	閃電
	Taishan	天霎, 閃電
	Dongguan	閃電
	Yangjiang	天霎
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	閃電
Gan	Nanchang	霍閃
	Pengze	掣霍
	Lichuan	劃閃焰
Hakka	Meixian	火蛇仔
	Huidong (Daling)	火蛇
	Zijin	火蛇
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	火蛇子
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	𥍉電
	Changting	𥍉電
	Wuping	雷公刀子
	Wuping (Pingyu)	火蛇子, 雷公刀子
	Liancheng	雷焰刀
	Liancheng (Peitian)	雷影, 雷火
	Ninghua	焰火索
	Yudu	閃
	Ruijin	閃光
	Shicheng	打焰
	Shangyou (Shexi)	火閃
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𥍉爧
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	𥍉爧
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	𥍉爧
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	𥍉爧
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	𥍉爧
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	𥍉爧
	Hong Kong	火蛇𥍉
	Lipu (Shuangduitun)	火蛇
	Lipu (Dashigu)	閃電
	Guidong	雷火閃
	Senai (Huiyang)	火蛇𥍉
Huizhou	Jixi	月扇
	Shexian	日閃, 熱扇
	Tunxi	閃電
	Xiuning	打閃閃
	Yixian	閃展
	Wuyuan	火線
	Chun'an (Qiandaohu)	霍閃
	Chun'an (Jiangjia)	霍閃
	Jiande (Meicheng)	霍閃
	Jiande (Shouchang)	霍閃
Jin	Taiyuan	閃
Jin	Xinzhou	閃
Jiuxing Yumin	Jiande	霍線
	Jinhua	霍閃
	Lanxi	霍閃
	Tunxi	火線
Northern Min	Jian'ou	焰刀
Northern Min	Pucheng (Shibei)	火焰刀
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	亮線
	Changle	亮線
	Fuqing	㸎㸎
	Yongtai	亮線
	Gutian	亮線
	Fu'an	雷爍
	Ningde	雷爍
	Shouning	雷爍
	Zhouning	雷爍
	Fuding	雷爍
Southern Min	Xiamen	爍爁
	Quanzhou	䟙掣, 䟙光, 䟙媽, 相爁電
	Yongchun	雷婆
	Zhangzhou	爍爁
	Taipei	搉爍爁
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	爍爁
	Kaohsiung	閃電, 爍爁
	Yilan	閃電, 爍爁
	Changhua (Lukang)	爍爁
	Taichung	爍爁
	Tainan	閃電, 爍爁
	Hsinchu	爍爁
	Kinmen	爍爁
	Penghu (Magong)	爍爁
	Penang (Hokkien)	爍爁
	Singapore (Hokkien)	爍爁
	Manila (Hokkien)	䟙掣, 閃電
	Chaozhou	閃電
	Shantou	阿公睨目
	Jieyang	阿公睨目
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	閃電
	Pontianak (Teochew)	雷公睨目
	Wenchang	焱爍
	Haikou	焱爍
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	雷公閃電
Wu	Shanghai	霍閃, 閃電
	Shanghai (Chongming)	霍閃
	Suzhou	霍閃
	Danyang	霍閃
	Hangzhou	霍閃
	Hangzhou (Fuyang)	霍閃
	Ningbo	龍光閃, 龍山
	Wenzhou	爍龍, 爍電
	Jinhua	火閃
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	火閃
	Yongkang	霍閃
	Pujiang	霍閃
	Dongyang	火閃
	Pan'an	霍閃
	Wuyi	霍閃
	Lanxi	霍閃
Xiang	Changsha	閃, 閃子
	Loudi	霍閃, 上水
	Shuangfeng	霍閃
	Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao)	火閃, 閃

Compounds edit

尹霍夫池
乾霍亂／干霍乱 (gānhuòluàn)
揮金霍玉／挥金霍玉
揮霍／挥霍 (huīhuò)
揮霍無度／挥霍无度 (huīhuòwúdù)
揮霍談笑／挥霍谈笑
漿酒霍肉／浆酒霍肉
磨刀霍霍
霍亂／霍乱 (huòluàn)
霍亂弧菌／霍乱弧菌 (huòluàn hújūn)
霍亂疫區／霍乱疫区
霍地
霍然 (huòrán)
霍索
霍綽／霍绰
霍繹／霍绎
霍里
霍閃／霍闪 (huòshǎn)
霍霍 (huòhuò)
霍霍眨眨

References edit

“霍”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

霍

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

On (unclassified): かく (kaku)
Kun: にわか (niwaka)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

霍 • (gwak) (hangeul 곽, revised gwak, McCune–Reischauer kwak, Yale kwak)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

霍: Hán Nôm readings: hoắc, quắc

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.