瘤

Translingual edit

Han character edit

瘤 (Kangxi radical 104, 疒+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 大竹竹田 (KHHW), four-corner 0016₂, composition ⿸疒留)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 778, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22408
Dae Jaweon: page 1188, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2690, character 8
Unihan data for U+7624

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		瘤
2nd round simp.		𰣲

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (卯) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
卯	*mruːʔ
昴	*mruːʔ
泖	*mruːʔ
茆	mruːʔ, m·ruʔ
奅	*m̥ʰruːs
窌	m̥ʰruːs, m·ruː, *m·rus
聊	*m·rɯːw
貿	*mlus
鄮	*mlus
劉	*m·ru
留	m·ru, m·rus
蒥	*m·ru
鶹	*m·ru
騮	*m·ru
榴	*m·ru
瑠	*ru
瘤	m·ru, m·rus
遛	*m·ru
鎦	*m·ru
飀	*m·ru
鰡	*m·ru
嵧	*m·ru
餾	m·ru, m·rus
瀏	m·ru, m·ruʔ
懰	m·ru, m·ruʔ
柳	*m·ruʔ
珋	*m·ruʔ
罶	*m·ruʔ
嬼	m·ruʔ, m·rus
溜	*m·rus
霤	*m·rus
廇	*m·rus
塯	*m·rus

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru, *m·rus) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 留 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liú (liu²)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lau⁴, lau^4-2
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): liù
(Meixian, Guangdong): liu²
Eastern Min (BUC): liù
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lâu / liû
(Teochew, Peng'im): lao⁵ / liu⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶lieu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liú
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lióu
  - Wade–Giles: liu²
  - Yale: lyóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liou
  - Palladius: лю (lju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lau⁴, lau^4-2
  - Yale: làuh, láu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁴, lau^4-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: leo⁴, leo^4-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯²¹/, /lɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liù
  - Hakka Romanization System: liuˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: liu²
  - Sinological IPA: /li̯u¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: liu²
  - Sinological IPA: /liu¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: liù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ieu⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâu
  - Tâi-lô: lâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: laau
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lau²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lau²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lau¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liû
  - Tâi-lô: liû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liuu
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liu²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liu²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liu¹³/

Note:

lâu - vernacular;
liû - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: lao⁵ / liu⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâu / liû
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /lau⁵⁵/, /liu⁵⁵/

Note:

lao5 - vernacular;
liu5 - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶lieu
  - MiniDict: lieu^去
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lieu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /liɤ²³/

Middle Chinese: ljuw, ljuwH

Rime
Character	瘤	瘤
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	力求切	力救切
Baxter	ljuw	ljuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨu/	/lɨu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/liu/	/liu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/liəu/	/liəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luw/	/luw^H/
Li Rong	/liu/	/liu^H/
Wang Li	/lĭəu/	/lĭəu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ə̯u/	/li̯ə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liú	liù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lau⁴	lau⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*m·ru/, /*m·rus/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瘤	瘤
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	8888	8909
Phonetic component	卯	卯
Rime group	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	劉	溜
Old Chinese	/*m·ru/	/*m·rus/

Definitions edit

瘤

tumor (Classifier: 個／个 c)
生瘤 [Cantonese] ― saang¹ lau^4-2 [Jyutping] ― to get a tumour
(regional) bump; swelling; bruise (Classifier: 個／个 c)
我琴日撞嚫個頭，起咗個瘤。 [Cantonese, trad.]
我琴日撞𰈍个头，起咗个瘤。 [Cantonese, simp.]
ngo⁵ kam⁴ jat⁶ zong⁶ can¹ go³ tau⁴, hei² zo² go³ lau^4-2. [Jyutping]
Yesterday, I hit my head and got a bump.

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 腫瘤 (“tumour”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		腫瘤
Mandarin	Beijing	瘤子
	Harbin	瘤子
	Luoyang	瘤子
	Wanrong	瘤子
	Xi'an	瘤子
	Liuzhou	瘤子
	Yangzhou	瘤
	Singapore	腫瘤
Cantonese	Guangzhou	瘤
	Hong Kong	瘤, 腫瘤
	Taishan	瘤
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	瘤
Southern Min	Xiamen	瘤

Compounds edit

動脈瘤／动脉瘤 (dòngmàiliú)
宿瘤
惡性腫瘤／恶性肿瘤 (èxìng zhǒngliú)
杉瘤
根瘤 (gēnliú)
根瘤菌 (gēnliújūn)
楠瘤
楓瘤人／枫瘤人
樹瘤／树瘤
毒瘤 (dúliú)
淋巴瘤 (línbāliú)
瘤子 (liúzi)
瘤牛 (liúniú)
瘤癭／瘤瘿
瘤結／瘤结
瘤胃 (liúwèi)
瘤贅／瘤赘
瘤魁
癭瘤／瘿瘤
肉瘤 (ròuliú)
脂肪瘤 (zhīfángliú)
腦瘤／脑瘤
腫瘤／肿瘤 (zhǒngliú)
腦腫瘤／脑肿瘤
良性瘤
良性腫瘤／良性肿瘤 (liángxìng zhǒngliú)
蝨瘤／虱瘤
血管瘤 (xuèguǎnliú)
贅瘤／赘瘤 (zhuìliú)
銜瘤／衔瘤
靜脈瘤／静脉瘤
骨腫瘤／骨肿瘤

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

瘤

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

bump
swelling or tumor

Readings edit

Go-on: る (ru)
Kan-on: りゅう (ryū)^{←りう (riu, historical)}
Kun: こぶ (kobu, 瘤)

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
瘤
こぶ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 瘤 – see the following entry.

【こぶ】	[noun] lump, bump (on the body) [noun] knot in a tree [noun] someone in the way [noun] child

(This term, 瘤, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

瘤 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

瘤: Hán Nôm readings: lựu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.