瓷

Translingual edit

Han character edit

瓷 (Kangxi radical 98, 瓦+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈人一女弓 (IOMVN) or 一人一女弓 (MOMVN), four-corner 3771₇, composition ⿱次瓦)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 749, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21491
Dae Jaweon: page 1157, character 30
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1424, character 22
Unihan data for U+74F7

Chinese edit

trad.		瓷
simp. ^#		瓷
alternative forms		甆珁𤮀𦈱

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 瓷
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (次) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
咨	*ʔsli
資	*ʔsli
姿	*ʔsli
粢	*ʔsli
諮	*ʔsli
恣	*ʔslis
澬	ʔsli, zli
趑	*sʰli
蠀	*sʰli
次	*sn̥ʰis
佽	*sl̥ʰis
絘	*sl̥ʰis
薋	*zli
瓷	*zli
茨	*zli
餈	*zli
垐	zli, zlɯɡ
楶	*ʔsliːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zli) : phonetic 次 (OC *sn̥ʰis) + semantic 瓦 (“earthenware”).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): cí (ci²)
(Zhuyin): ㄘˊ
(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ci²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ci⁴
(Taishan, Dictionary): lhu³
Gan (Dictionary): ci²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀
(Meixian, Guangdong): ci²
Jin (Dictionary): ci¹
Northern Min (KCR): cú
Eastern Min (BUC): cṳ̀
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chû / chîr / hûi
(Teochew, Peng'im): ce⁵ / cu⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶zy
Xiang (Changsha, Dictionary): zr²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cí
  - Zhuyin: ㄘˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cíh
  - Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ²
  - Yale: tsź
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyr
  - Palladius: цы (cy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ci²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: c
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ci⁴
  - Yale: chìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsi⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: qi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Dictionary: lhu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬu²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Dictionary: ci²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀
  - Hakka Romanization System: ciiˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ci²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ci²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Dictionary: ci¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̀
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sy⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chû
  - Tâi-lô: tsû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zuu
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡su²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chîr
  - Tâi-lô: tsîr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûi
  - Tâi-lô: huî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huii
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hui¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /hui²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hui²³/

Note:

chû/chîr - literary;
hûi - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ce⁵ / cu⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshṳ̂ / tshû
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰu⁵⁵/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶zy
  - MiniDict: zy^去
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Dictionary: zr²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩¹³/

Middle Chinese: dzij

Rime
Character	瓷
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	疾資切
Baxter	dzij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zi/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zi/
Li Rong	/d͡zi/
Wang Li	/d͡zi/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*zli/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瓷
Reading #	1/1
No.	1799
Phonetic component	次
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	茨
Old Chinese	/*zli/
Notes	見漢賦

Definitions edit

瓷

porcelain; china; chinaware
(of a thing) firm; solid; sturdy

Synonyms edit

(porcelain): 瓷器 (cíqì), (Min Nan) 瓷仔
(firm):

堅固／坚固 (jiāngù)
堅實／坚实 (jiānshí)
堅硬／坚硬 (jiānyìng)
扎實
深厚 (shēnhòu) (figurative, of foundations)
牢 (láo)
牢固 (láogù)
牢牢 (láoláo)
牢靠 (láokào)
穩固／稳固 (wěngù)
結實／结实
緊實／紧实 (jǐnshí)
鞏／巩 (gǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
鞏固／巩固 (gǒnggù)

Compounds edit

古瓷
單色瓷／单色瓷
土瓷
宋瓷
定瓷
宜興瓷／宜兴瓷
嵌瓷畫／嵌瓷画
搪瓷 (tángcí)
柴瓷
洋瓷
燒瓷／烧瓷
瓷仙
瓷刻
瓷器 (cíqì)
瓷土 (cítǔ)
瓷婚
瓷宮／瓷宫
瓷實／瓷实 (císhí)
瓷枕
瓷注
瓷漆
瓷版
瓷瓦兒／瓷瓦儿
瓷瓶 (cípíng)
瓷瓷實實／瓷瓷实实
瓷甖／瓷罂
瓷石
瓷碗 (cíwǎn)
瓷磚／瓷砖 (cízhuān)
瓷窯／瓷窑
瓷胎
瓷釉
瓷鐺／瓷铛
瓷飯碗／瓷饭碗
白瓷
真瓷
碎瓷
精密陶瓷
素瓷
綠瓷／绿瓷
繃瓷／绷瓷 (bèngcí)
縹瓷／缥瓷
蝦青瓷／虾青瓷
越瓷
金屬陶瓷／金属陶瓷
鈞瓷／钧瓷
陶瓷 (táocí)
陶瓷器 (táocíqì)
陶瓷工 (táocígōng)
陶瓷材料
青瓷 (qīngcí)

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

瓷

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

On (unclassified): し (shi); じ (ji)
Kun: かめ (kame)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

瓷 • (ja) (hangeul 자)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

瓷: Hán Nôm readings: từ, sứ, tư

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

Nôm: từ

References edit

Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999