犬

Stroke order

Alternative forms edit

• 犭 (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Although the alternative form clearly shows only three strokes, it is still counted as four strokes when using a Chinese dictionary. Compare 氵 from 水 (“water”), 扌 from 手 (“hand”), and 忄 from 心 (“heart”), all of which are 3-stroke forms from 4-stroke characters.

Han character edit

See images of
Radical 94 犬

犬 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈大 (IK), four-corner 4303₀, composition ⿺大丶)

1. Kangxi radical #94, ⽝.

Derived characters edit

• Appendix:Chinese radical/犬
• 伏, 吠, 𡉩, 𫰋, 𢗗, 㧋, 汱, 迖, 𣅤, 枤, 𤘲, 㺴, 肰, 𤯂, 畎, 𮉿, 紎, 𦨚, 𡌤, 𧿡, 䣭, 𤱶, 𮡧, 𮣺, 𭪝, 𩎓, 𩖮, 𬙠, 䭾, 𩫈, 𩵥, 𩿁, 默(黙), 鼣, 𫜤
• 𩿛, 𩡷, 宊, 𦬫, 戾, 𦊅, 突, 哭, 类, 𥬇, 臭, 𦬦, 𩬇, 𧱾, 厌, 𤴻, 𪊏, 𬮇(𬮝)

References edit

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 705, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20234
• Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 1
• Unihan data for U+72AC

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 犬
Shang		Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – the side view of a dog.

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”); cognate with Tibetan ཁྱི (khyi, “dog”), Burmese ခွေး (hkwe:, “dog”).

This common Sino-Tibetan word has been replaced by 狗 (OC *koːʔ) in most topolects except Eastern Min, such as Fuzhou kēng. In other topolects, this word is mainly found in compounds and not used alone.

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

犬

1. (formal or in compounds or Eastern Min, Waxiang, dialectal Wu) dog

   警犬  ―  jǐngquǎn  ―  police dog

   • 效馬效羊者右牽之；效犬者左牽之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     效马效羊者右牵之；效犬者左牵之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Xiào mǎ xiào yáng zhě yòu qiān zhī; xiào quǎn zhě zuǒ qiān zhī. [Pinyin]

     He who is presenting a horse or a sheep should lead it with his right hand. He who is presenting a dog should lead it with his left hand.

Synonyms edit

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

• Bai: *qʰuaŋ²

References edit

• “犬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Further reading edit

• Victor Mair, "Of dogs and Old Sinitic reconstructions" on Language Log (March 7, 2018)

Kanji edit

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. a dog
2. the dog radical (いぬ)

Readings edit

• Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)^{←けん (ken, historical)←くゑん (kwen, ancient)}
• Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)^{←けん (ken, historical)←くゑん (kwen, ancient)}
• Kun: いぬ (inu, 犬, Jōyō)

Compounds edit

Etymology edit

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

イヌ

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Dog

Wikipedia

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *enu. Derivation uncertain. Various theories exist, including derivation from ancient verb 往ぬ (inu, “to leave, to be gone”), from the way a dog will guard the house while the master is away; from a compound of 家 (ie, “house, home”) + 寝 (nu, “to sleep”, ancient monosyllabic form of modern 寝る neru); from ancient Japanese 狗 (enu < wenu, “puppy, dog”), itself of uncertain derivation; or as a borrowing from some other unknown language.

Pronunciation edit

• (Tokyo) いぬ​ [ìnúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [inɯ̟ᵝ]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun edit

犬(いぬ) or 犬(イヌ) • (inu)  (counter 匹)

1. dog, canine

   犬(いぬ)に毎(まい)日(にち)餌(えさ)を上(あ)げて下(くだ)さい。

   Inu ni mainichi esa o agete kudasai.

   Please feed the dog every day.

2. servant; one who is loyal (like a dog)

   会(かい)長(ちょう)の犬(いぬ)

   kaichō no inu

   a servant of the president

3. spy

   敵(てき)軍(ぐん)の犬(いぬ)

   tekigun no inu

   a spy of the hostile army

Usage notes edit

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イヌ.

Synonyms edit

• (servant, spy): 走(そう)狗(く) (sōku), 手(て)先(さき) (tesaki)

Descendants edit

• → Yami: ino

References edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 犬 (MC khwenX).

Pronunciation edit

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kjʌ̹n]
• Phonetic hangul: [견]

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

犬

Wikisource

犬 (eumhun 개 견 (gae gyeon))

1. Hanja form^? of 견 (“dog”). [noun; affix]

Derived terms edit

References edit

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Kanji edit

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology edit

Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

Noun edit

犬(いん) (in) 

1. dog

Kanji edit

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology edit

Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

Noun edit

犬(いん) (in) 

1. dog

Kanji edit

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

• Kun: いん (in, 犬)

Etymology edit

Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

Pronunciation edit

• IPA^(key): [ʔiŋ̍]

Noun edit

犬(いん) (in) 

1. dog (Canis familiaris); domestic dog

Compounds edit

References edit

• “いん【犬】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Kanji edit

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology edit

Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

Noun edit

犬(いん) (in) 

1. dog

Han character edit

犬: Hán Việt readings: khuyển^[1][2]
犬: Nôm readings: khuyển^[1][3][4], chó^[2]

1. Nôm form of chó (“dog”).

References edit