湛

Translingual edit

Han character edit

湛 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水廿一女 (ETMV), four-corner 3411₁, composition ⿰氵甚)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 637, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17846
Dae Jaweon: page 1044, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1667, character 6
Unihan data for U+6E5B

Chinese edit

trad.		湛
simp. ^#		湛

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 湛
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
湛	ʔl'uːm, r'uːmʔ, *l'um
媅	*ʔl'uːm
黮	l̥ʰuːmʔ, l'uːmʔ
糂	*sluːmʔ
堪	*kʰluːm
戡	kʰluːm, ʔl'umʔ
嵁	kʰluːm, ŋɡluːm, ŋɡluːmʔ, sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm
歁	kʰluːmʔ, kʰluːb
勘	*kʰluːms
磡	*kʰuːms
墈	*kʰuːms
偡	*r'uːmʔ
碪	*ʔl'um
椹	*ʔl'um
揕	*ʔl'ums
踸	*l̥ʰumʔ
鍖	*l̥ʰumʔ
斟	*kljum
諶	*ɡljum
愖	*ɡljum
瘎	*ɡljum
煁	*ɡljum
甚	ɡljumʔ, ɡljums
葚	*ɦljumʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhàn (zhan⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zaam³
(Taishan, Dictionary): zam¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tām / tǎm / chim
(Teochew, Peng'im): zam⁶ / dam¹ / kam¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
  - Wade–Giles: chan⁴
  - Yale: jàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
  - Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaam³
  - Yale: jaam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zam³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːm³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Dictionary: zam¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sam³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tām
  - Tâi-lô: tām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dam
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tam²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tam³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǎm
  - Tâi-lô: tǎm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tam²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chim
  - Tâi-lô: tsim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cym
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sim³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sim⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zam⁶ / dam¹ / kam¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsăm / tam / kham
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sam³⁵/, /tam³³/, /kʰam³³/

Note: kam1 - used in 湛江.

Middle Chinese: dreamX

Rime
Character	湛
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	徒減切
Baxter	dreamX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠɛm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚæm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡɐm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖəɨm^X/
Li Rong	/ȡɐm^X/
Wang Li	/ȡɐm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱăm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaam⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*r'uːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	湛
Reading #	2/3
No.	11280
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	湛
Old Chinese	/*r'uːmʔ/

Definitions edit

湛

profound
精湛 ― jīngzhàn ― consummate
clear
a surname
湛若水 ― Zhàn Ruòshuǐ ― Zhan Ruoshui (Ming dynasty philosopher)

Compounds edit

深湛 (shēnzhàn)
清湛
湛寂
湛恩
湛憂／湛忧
湛新
湛明
湛河 (Zhànhé, “Zhanhe”)
湛湛
湛然
湛盧／湛卢
湛藍／湛蓝 (zhànlán)
湛露
精湛 (jīngzhàn)
藍湛湛／蓝湛湛 (lánzhànzhàn)
青湛湛

Pronunciation 2 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhàn, dān (zhan⁴, dan¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ, ㄉㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): daam¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tam

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
  - Wade–Giles: chan⁴
  - Yale: jàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
  - Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dān
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dan
  - Wade–Giles: tan¹
  - Yale: dān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dan
  - Palladius: дань (danʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: daam¹
  - Yale: dāam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: daam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dam¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːm⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tam
  - Tâi-lô: tam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dafm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tam³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tam⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: tom

Rime
Character	湛
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	丁含切
Baxter	tom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/təm/
Shao Rongfen	/tɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təm/
Li Rong	/tᴀm/
Wang Li	/tɒm/
Bernard Karlgren	/tăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daam¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'uːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	湛
Reading #	1/3
No.	11266
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	耽
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'uːm/

Definitions edit

湛

^† happy; joyful

Pronunciation 3 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chén (chen²)
(Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cam⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sîm

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chén
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chén
  - Wade–Giles: chʻên²
  - Yale: chén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chern
  - Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cam⁴
  - Yale: chàhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cem⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐm²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîm
  - Tâi-lô: sîm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siim
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sim²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sim²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sim¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sim²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sim²³/

Middle Chinese: drim

Rime
Character	湛
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直深切
Baxter	drim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚim/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖjim/
Li Rong	/ȡjəm/
Wang Li	/ȡĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cam⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*l'um/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	湛
Reading #	3/3
No.	11290
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	沈
Old Chinese	/*l'um/

Definitions edit

湛

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

湛

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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Readings edit

Go-on: じん (jin)^{←ぢむ (dimu, historical)}; でん (den)^{←でむ (demu, historical)}; とん (ton)^{←とむ (tomu, historical)}
Kan-on: たん (tan)^{←たむ (tamu, historical)}; ちん (chin)^{←ちむ (timu, historical)}
Kun: しずむ (shizumu, 湛む); たたえる (tataeru, 湛える)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

湛 • (dam, chim) (hangeul 담, 침, revised dam, chim, McCune–Reischauer tam, ch'im, Yale tam, chim)

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Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

湛: Hán Nôm readings: đậm, giặm, sậm, sặm, thấm, trạm, xạm, xẩm

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