欣

Translingual edit

Han character edit

欣 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹中弓人 (HLNO), four-corner 7728₂, composition ⿰斤欠)

Derived characters edit

俽掀惞焮鍁 (锨) 𢜛𦲽

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 566, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16008
Dae Jaweon: page 954, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2135, character 12
Unihan data for U+6B23

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		欣
alternative forms		訢／䜣忻惞

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (斤) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蘄	ɡɯ, kɯl, *ɡɯn
祈	*ɡɯl
頎	*ɡɯl
旂	*ɡɯl
圻	ɡɯl, ŋɡɯːn, *ŋɡɯn
蚚	ɡɯl, ɡɯːls
岓	*ɡɯl
玂	*ɡɯl
沂	*ŋɡɯl
掀	*qʰan
釿	ŋɡrɯnʔ, ŋkɯn
齗	ŋɡrɯnʔ, ŋɡɯn
听	ŋɡrɯnʔ, ŋɡɯnʔ
垽	ŋrɯns, qɯns
斤	kɯn, kɯns
菦	*kɯnʔ
靳	*kɯns
劤	*kɯns
勁	kɯns, keŋs
赾	*kʰɯnʔ
芹	*ɡɯn
近	ɡɯnʔ, ɡɯns
斦	*ŋɡɯn
欣	*qʰɯn
忻	*qʰɯn
昕	*qʰɯn
訢	*qʰɯn
炘	qʰɯn, qʰɯns
邤	*qʰɯn
庍	qʰɯns, mpreːɡs
焮	*qʰɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯn) : phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) + semantic 欠.

Etymology 1 edit

Probably from the same word family as 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xīn (xin¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ
(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xin¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jan¹
(Taishan, Dictionary): hin¹
Gan (Dictionary): xin¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hîm / hiûn
(Meixian, Guangdong): hiun¹
Jin (Dictionary): xing¹
Northern Min (KCR): hēng
Eastern Min (BUC): hṳ̆ng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hin / him / herm
(Teochew, Peng'im): heng¹ / hng¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹shin
Xiang (Changsha, Dictionary): xin¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sin
  - Wade–Giles: hsin¹
  - Yale: syīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shin
  - Palladius: синь (sinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xin¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jan¹
  - Yale: yān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Dictionary: hin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hin³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Dictionary: xin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hîm / hiûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: him´ / hiun´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: him¹ / hiun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /him²⁴/, /hi̯un²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hiun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hiun⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Dictionary: xing¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕĩŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xeiŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̆ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hin
  - Tâi-lô: hin
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hyn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hin⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: him
  - Tâi-lô: him
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hym
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /him³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /him⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: herm
  - Tâi-lô: herm
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /həm³³/

Note:

hin - literary;
him/herm - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: heng¹ / hng¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hṳng / hng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɯŋ³³/, /hŋ³³/

Note:

heng1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
hng1 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹shin
  - MiniDict: shin^平
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕin⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Dictionary: xin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 欣
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕin⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕin²¹/
	Jinan	/ɕiẽ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/siə̃²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕin²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕiẽ²¹/
	Xining	/ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ɕĩn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ɕĩ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ɕin³¹/
	Hefei	/ɕin²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕiŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ɕin³³/
	Wenzhou	/ɕaŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕiʌ̃³¹/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕin³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕin³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕin⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiun⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/huŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐn⁵³/
	Nanning	/jɐn⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/jɐn⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/him⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hyŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xeiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hɯŋ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hin²³/ /huaŋ²³/ 訓歡

Middle Chinese: xj+n

Rime
Character	欣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許斤切
Baxter	xj+n
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨn/
Pan Wuyun	/hɨn/
Shao Rongfen	/xiən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨn/
Li Rong	/xiən/
Wang Li	/xĭən/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯ən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰər/
(Zhengzhang): /*qʰɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	欣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xīn
Middle Chinese	‹ xjɨn ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰər/
English	rejoice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	欣
Reading #	1/1
No.	6665
Phonetic component	斤
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	欣
Old Chinese	/*qʰɯn/

Definitions edit

欣

happy; joyous; delighted
- 問征夫以前路，恨晨光之熹微。乃瞻衡宇，栽欣載奔。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  问征夫以前路，恨晨光之熹微。乃瞻衡宇，栽欣载奔。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 《歸去來辭 / 归去来辞》, 陶淵明 / 陶渊明, translated by James Robert Hightower
  Wèn zhēngfū yǐqián lù, hèn chénguāng zhī xīwēi. Nǎi zhān héngyǔ, zāi xīn zǎi bēn. [Pinyin]
  I ask a passerby about the road ahead, grudging the dimness of the light at dawn. Then I catch sight of my cottage—filled with joy I run.
^† to submit willingly; to submit happily
- 昔者之伐也，興百姓以為百姓也，是以民能欣之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  昔者之伐也，兴百姓以为百姓也，是以民能欣之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE
  Xīzhě zhī fá yě, xìng bǎixìng yǐwèi bǎixìng yě, shìyǐ mín néng xīn zhī. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Used in 欣欣 (xīnxīn, “lush”).
a surname

Compounds edit

欣企
欣喜 (xīnxǐ)
欣喜若狂 (xīnxǐruòkuáng)
欣喜雀躍／欣喜雀跃 (xīnxǐ quèyuè)
欣忭 (xīnbiàn)
欣悅／欣悦 (xīnyuè)
欣慰 (xīnwèi)
欣戚
欣戴
欣抃
欣欣 (xīnxīn)
欣欣向榮／欣欣向荣 (xīnxīnxiàngróng)
欣欣得意
欣欣自得
欣然 (xīnrán)
欣然命筆／欣然命笔
欣然自喜
欣然自得
欣然自樂／欣然自乐
欣生惡死／欣生恶死
欣羨／欣羡 (xīnxiàn)
欣賞／欣赏 (xīnshǎng)
欣賞力／欣赏力
欣躍／欣跃
歡欣／欢欣 (huānxīn)
歡欣若狂／欢欣若狂
歡欣踴躍／欢欣踊跃
歡欣鼓舞／欢欣鼓舞 (huānxīngǔwǔ)
鼓舞歡欣／鼓舞欢欣

Etymology 2 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 欣 – see 鑫 (“abundant in wealth; prosperous”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 鑫).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

欣

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

Go-on: こん (kon)
Kan-on: きん (kin)
Kan’yō-on: ごん (gon)
Kun: よろこぶ (yorokobu, 欣ぶ); よろこび (yorokobi, 欣び); よし (yoshi); やすし (yasushi)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

欣 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

欣: Hán Nôm readings: hân, hơn, hoen, hớn, hăng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References edit

Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999