挖

Translingual edit

Han character edit

挖 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手十金弓 (QJCN), four-corner 5301₇, composition ⿰扌穵)

Derived characters edit

𫪶

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 431, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12070
Dae Jaweon: page 780, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1875, character 11
Unihan data for U+6316

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (乙) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
劜	*qreːd
札	*sqriːd
扎	*sqriːd
蚻	*ʔsriːd
紮	*ʔsriːd
軋	*qriːd
圠	*qriːd
穵	qriːd, qʷriːd
挖	*qʷriːd
鳦	qriːd, qrid
耴	ŋrid, teb
乙	*qriɡ
肊	*qrɯɡ

Etymology 1 edit

trad.		挖
simp. ^#		挖

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): wā (wa¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄨㄚ
(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wa¹
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Dictionary): ва (va, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): waat³, waa¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yet / yat
Eastern Min (BUC): uă
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): uih / oeh / oat / oa
(Teochew, Peng'im): uai¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁷uaq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wā
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wa
  - Wade–Giles: wa¹
  - Yale: wā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ua
  - Palladius: ва (va)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wä⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: wa¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ua
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ua⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Dictionary: ва (va, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /va²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: waat³, waa¹
  - Yale: waat, wā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: waat⁸, waa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: wad³, wa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /waːt̚³/, /waː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yet
  - Hakka Romanization System: ied`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯et̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yat
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iad`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯at̚²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: uă
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ua⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: uih
  - Tâi-lô: uih
  - Phofsit Daibuun: uiq
  - IPA (Xiamen): /uiʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /uiʔ⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oeh
  - Tâi-lô: ueh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oeq
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ueʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oat
  - Tâi-lô: uat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oad
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /uat̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /uat̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oa
  - Tâi-lô: ua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oaf
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ua⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ua³³/

Note:

uih/oeh - vernacular (“to dig; to uncover”);
oat - literary;
oa - common literary variant.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: uai¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uai
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /uai³³/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁷uaq
  - MiniDict: uah^入
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴uaq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /uaʔ⁵⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 挖
Mandarin	Beijing	/ua⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ua⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/vɑ²¹/
	Jinan	/va²¹³/
	Qingdao	/va²¹³/ ～洞 /va⁵⁵/ ～飯
	Zhengzhou	/ua²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ua²¹/
	Xining	/ua⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/va⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/va¹³/
	Ürümqi	/va⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/ua⁵⁵/ ～苦 /ua²¹³/ ～土
	Chengdu	/ua⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ua⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ua̠⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/uɑʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/uɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/vaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/uɑ¹³/
	Hohhot	/va³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/uaʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/uaʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ʔuɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/o²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/uaʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/uːə⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ua²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/uɒ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/uaʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/va⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/vet̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wat̚³/
	Nanning	/wɛt̚³³/ /wat̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/wat̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/uat̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/uɑʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ua⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/uai³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/uak̚⁵/

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qʷriːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	挖
Reading #	1/1
No.	14918
Phonetic component	乙
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	婠
Old Chinese	/*qʷriːd/
Notes	穵晚起分化字

Definitions edit

挖

(literary or Hokkien) to dig; to dig out; to gouge out; to scoop
挖耳屎 [Cantonese] ― waat³ ji⁵ si² [Jyutping] ― to remove ear wax
(figurative) to explore; to discover; to go deep into
(Hokkien) to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 挖 (“to dig”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		挖
Mandarin	Taiwan	挖
	Yantai (Muping)	挖
	Wanrong	掘
	Xi'an	挖
	Ürümqi	挖
	Wuhan	挖
	Yangzhou	挖
	Malaysia	挖
	Singapore	挖
Cantonese	Guangzhou	掘
Cantonese	Hong Kong	掘
Gan	Nanchang	挖
Gan	Pingxiang	挖
Jin	Taiyuan	挖
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	掘
Southern Min	Xiamen	搤, 摀, 挖
	Quanzhou	搤, 挖
	Jinjiang	搤
	Zhangzhou	摀, 挖
	Tainan	搤, 摀
	Singapore (Hokkien)	搤, 摀
	Manila (Hokkien)	搤
	Leizhou	掘
	Haikou	掘
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	挖
Wu	Shanghai	掘
	Shanghai (Chongming)	挖
	Suzhou	掘
	Wenzhou	掘
	Jinhua	掘

(to dig): 掏 (tāo); (Hokkien) 搤, 摀／𰓆

Compounds edit

挖土機／挖土机 (wātǔjī)
挖掘 (wājué)
挖掉
挖掘機／挖掘机 (wājuéjī)
挖槽機／挖槽机
挖泥船
挖潛／挖潜
挖牆腳／挖墙脚 (wā qiángjiǎo)
挖穴
挖空心思 (wākōngxīnsī)
挖耳 (wā'ěr)
挖肉補瘡／挖肉补疮
挖苦 (wākǔ)
挖補／挖补 (wābǔ)
挖角 (wājué)
挖角兒／挖角儿
挖通

Etymology 2 edit

trad.		挖
simp. ^#		挖

Pronunciation edit

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ó͘ / óe

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ó͘
  - Tâi-lô: óo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: or
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung): /ɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: óe
  - Tâi-lô: ué
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oea
  - IPA (Taipei): /ue⁵³/

Definitions edit

挖

(Hokkien) Alternative form of 摀／𰓆 (“to dig”)

Etymology 3 edit

trad.		挖
simp. ^#		挖

Pronunciation edit

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iah

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iah
  - Tâi-lô: iah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iaq
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /iaʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iaʔ⁵/

Definitions edit

挖

(Hokkien) Alternative form of 搤 (iah, “to dig”)

References edit

“挖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

挖

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

On (unclassified): あつ (atsu); あち (achi)
Kun: あばく (abaku, 挖く)

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

挖: Hán Nôm readings: oạt

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.