悲

Translingual edit

Han character edit

悲 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中卜心 (LYP), four-corner 1133₁, composition ⿱非心)

Derived characters edit

𩙻, 𲋒, 𬲊

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 388, character 37
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10720
Dae Jaweon: page 721, character 29
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2310, character 4
Unihan data for U+60B2

Chinese edit

trad.		悲
simp. ^#		悲

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (非) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
啡	*pʰɯːlʔ
排	*brɯːl
俳	*brɯːl
輫	brɯːl, buːl
悲	*prɯl
棑	breː, brɯːls
輩	*puːls
裴	buːl, bɯl
徘	*buːl
琲	*buːlʔ
痱	buːlʔ, pɯds, bɯl, bɯls
非	*pɯl
扉	*pɯl
緋	*pɯl
猆	*pɯl
斐	pɯl, pʰɯlʔ
馡	*pɯl
騑	pɯl, pʰɯl
誹	pɯl, pɯlʔ, *pɯls
餥	pɯl, pɯlʔ
匪	*pɯlʔ
棐	*pɯlʔ
蜚	pɯlʔ, bɯls
篚	*pɯlʔ
榧	*pɯlʔ
鯡	*pɯls
霏	*pʰɯl
菲	pʰɯl, pʰɯlʔ, *bɯls
婔	*pʰɯl
裶	*pʰɯl
悱	*pʰɯlʔ
奜	*pʰɯlʔ
腓	bɯl, bɯls
陫	*bɯlʔ
屝	*bɯls
厞	*bɯls
翡	*bɯls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯl) : phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl) + semantic 心 (“heart; thought; emotion”).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bēi (bei¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄅㄟ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pî
Eastern Min (BUC): pĭ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pi
(Teochew, Peng'im): bui¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹pe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bēi
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bei
  - Wade–Giles: pei¹
  - Yale: bēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bei
  - Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bei¹
  - Yale: bēi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pî
  - Hakka Romanization System: bi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pi²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: pĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pi
  - Tâi-lô: pi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: py
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pi³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pi⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bui¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pui³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹pe
  - MiniDict: pe^平
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹pe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pe⁵³/

Middle Chinese: pij

Rime
Character	悲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	府眉切
Baxter	pij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚi/
Shao Rongfen	/piɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pji/
Li Rong	/pji/
Wang Li	/pi/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*prəj/
(Zhengzhang): /*prɯl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	悲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bēi
Middle Chinese	‹ pij ›
Old Chinese	/*prəj/
English	sad
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	悲
Reading #	1/1
No.	3067
Phonetic component	非
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	悲
Old Chinese	/*prɯl/

Definitions edit

悲

sad; sorrowful
to pity

Compounds edit

傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi)
兔死狐悲 (tùsǐhúbēi)
可悲 (kěbēi)
含悲 (hánbēi)
含悲忍淚／含悲忍泪
大悲 (dàbēi)
大悲咒 (Dàbēizhòu)
大悲心
大悲懺／大悲忏
大悲水
大慈大悲 (dàcídàbēi)
大放悲聲／大放悲声
大發慈悲／大发慈悲 (dàfācíbēi)
性格悲劇／性格悲剧
悲不可抑
悲不自勝／悲不自胜
悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
悲傷感／悲伤感
悲切 (bēiqiè)
悲劇／悲剧 (bēijù)
悲劇反諷／悲剧反讽
悲吒
悲咽 (bēiyè)
悲哀 (bēi'āi)
悲喜 (bēixǐ)
悲啼 (bēití)
悲喜交切
悲喜交加
悲喜交并
悲喜交至
悲喜交集 (bēixǐ-jiāojí)
悲喜兼集
悲喜劇／悲喜剧 (bēixǐjù)
悲嘆／悲叹 (bēitàn)
悲嚎
悲回風／悲回风
悲壯／悲壮 (bēizhuàng)
悲天憫人／悲天悯人 (bēitiānmǐnrén)
悲天院
悲寂
悲從中來／悲从中来 (bēicóngzhōnglái)
悲心
悲思
悲悼 (bēidào)
悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
悲情 (bēiqíng)
悲悲切切
悲悲戚戚
悲愁 (bēichóu)
悲感
悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng)
悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
悲憂／悲忧
悲慘世界／悲惨世界
悲憤／悲愤 (bēifèn)
悲憐／悲怜
悲憫／悲悯 (bēimǐn)
悲憤填膺／悲愤填膺
悲憤詩／悲愤诗
悲懷／悲怀
悲戚 (bēiqī)
悲摧 (bēicuī)
悲智
悲楚 (bēichǔ)
悲歌 (bēigē)
悲歌慷慨
悲歎／悲叹 (bēitàn)
悲歡／悲欢 (bēihuān)
悲歡合散／悲欢合散
悲歡歲月／悲欢岁月 (bēihuānsuìyuè)
悲歡聚散／悲欢聚散
悲歡離合／悲欢离合 (bēihuānlíhé)
悲泣 (bēiqì)
悲泗淋漓
悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
悲犬咸陽
悲田
悲田院
悲痛 (bēitòng)
悲痛欲絕／悲痛欲绝 (bēitòngyùjué)
悲秋
悲秋傷春／悲秋伤春
悲笳
悲篥
悲聲／悲声 (bēishēng)
悲苦 (bēikǔ)
悲號／悲号 (bēiháo)
悲觀／悲观 (bēiguān)
悲觀主義／悲观主义 (bēiguānzhǔyì)
悲谷
悲辛 (bēixīn)
悲酸 (bēisuān)
悲願／悲愿 (bēiyuàn)
悲風／悲风
悲鳴／悲鸣 (bēimíng)
慈悲 (cíbēi)
慈悲殺人／慈悲杀人
慈悲為懷／慈悲为怀
慈悲為本／慈悲为本
慷慨悲歌
打悲
打悲阿
樂極則悲／乐极则悲
樂極悲來／乐极悲来
樂極悲生／乐极悲生
樂極生悲／乐极生悲 (lèjíshēngbēi)
狐兔之悲
狐死兔悲
發悲／发悲 (fābēi)
睹物興悲／睹物兴悲
翟子悲
興盡悲來／兴尽悲来
茹泣吞悲
轉悲為喜／转悲为喜
遙悲／遥悲
銜悲茹恨／衔悲茹恨
離合悲歡／离合悲欢
霸王悲歌
風木含悲／风木含悲
風樹之悲／风树之悲
鼓琴悲

References edit

“悲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

悲

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

sad
Antonym: 楽
pity; compassion

Readings edit

Go-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)^{←ひ (fi, historical)}
Kan-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)^{←ひ (fi, historical)}
Kun: かなしい (kanashii, 悲しい, Jōyō); かなしむ (kanashimu, 悲しむ, Jōyō); あわれみ (awaremi, 悲れみ)^{←あはれみ (afaremi, 悲れみ, historical)}; かなしみ (kanashimi, 悲しみ); なげく (nageku, 悲く)

Compounds edit

References edit

白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “悲”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎^[2] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

悲 (eumhun 슬플 비 (seulpeul bi))

Hanja form^? of 비 (“sad”).

Compounds edit

비극 (悲劇, bigeuk, “tragedy”)
비명 (悲鳴, bimyeong, “scream”)

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

悲: Hán Nôm readings: bi, bây, bầy, bay

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds edit

悲𣇞 (bây giờ)