忙

Translingual edit

Stroke order

Han character edit

忙 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 心卜女 (PYV), four-corner 9001₀, composition ⿰忄亡)

Derived characters edit

𦮝

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 377, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10334
Dae Jaweon: page 703, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2272, character 16
Unihan data for U+5FD9

Chinese edit

trad.		忙
simp. ^#		忙
alternative forms		芒茫

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (亡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
忙	*maːŋ
芒	maːŋ, maŋ
茫	*maːŋ
恾	*maːŋ
吂	maːŋ, maːŋs
汒	maːŋ, maŋs
朚	maːŋ, hmaːŋ, maŋ, mraːŋ, *mraːŋs
邙	maːŋ, maŋ
杗	maːŋ, maŋ
荒	hmaːŋ, hmaːŋs
肓	*hmaːŋ
衁	*hmaːŋ
巟	*hmaːŋ
詤	hmaːŋ, hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ
慌	hmaːŋ, hmaːŋʔ
謊	*hmaːŋʔ
喪	smaːŋs, smaːŋ
亡	*maŋ
望	maŋ, maŋs
莣	*maŋ
朢	maŋ, maŋs
鋩	*maŋ
硭	*maŋ
忘	maŋ, maŋs
网	*mlaŋʔ
罔	*mlaŋʔ
蛧	*maŋʔ
網	*mlaŋʔ
輞	*maŋʔ
棢	*maŋʔ
惘	*maŋʔ
菵	*maŋʔ
誷	*maŋʔ
魍	*maŋʔ
妄	*maŋs
盲	*mraːŋ
蝱	*mraːŋ
虻	*mraːŋ
氓	*mraːŋ
甿	*mraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːŋ) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): máng (mang²)
(Zhuyin): ㄇㄤˊ
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Dictionary): мон (mon, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): mong⁴
Gan (Dictionary): mong⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): mông
(Meixian, Guangdong): mong²
Jin (Dictionary): mon¹
Northern Min (KCR): mǒ̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): mòng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bâng / bông
(Teochew, Peng'im): mang⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶maon
Xiang (Changsha, Dictionary): man²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: máng
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: máng
  - Wade–Giles: mang²
  - Yale: máng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mang
  - Palladius: ман (man)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑŋ³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Dictionary: мон (mon, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mong⁴
  - Yale: mòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔːŋ²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Dictionary: mong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mông
  - Hakka Romanization System: mong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /moŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: mong²
  - Sinological IPA: /mɔŋ¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Dictionary: mon¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /mɒ̃¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǒ̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mouŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bâng / bông
  - Tâi-lô: bâng / bông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: baang, boong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /baŋ²⁴/, /bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /baŋ²⁴/, /bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /baŋ¹³/, /bɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /baŋ²⁴/, /bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /baŋ²³/, /bɔŋ²³/

Note: bâng - vernacular, bông - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶maon
  - MiniDict: maon^去
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³maan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɑ̃²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Dictionary: man²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /man¹³/

Middle Chinese: mang

Rime
Character	忙
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫郎切
Baxter	mang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/mɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maŋ/
Li Rong	/mɑŋ/
Wang Li	/mɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/mɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	máng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mong⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤaŋ/
(Zhengzhang): /*maːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忙
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	máng
Middle Chinese	‹ mang ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁaŋ/
English	flurried
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忙
Reading #	1/1
No.	12639
Phonetic component	亡
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	茫
Old Chinese	/*maːŋ/
Notes	同恾方言作茫

Definitions edit

忙

busy; bustling
你最近忙嗎？／你最近忙吗？ ― Nǐ zuìjìn máng ma? ― Have you been busy lately?
to be busy (with something)
我最近忙著考試。 [MSC, trad.]
我最近忙着考试。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ zuìjìn máng zhe kǎoshì. [Pinyin]
I've been busy with exams as of late.
hurried; rushed; flustered
to hurry; to rush
favor (when used as a component of the separable verb 幫忙)
你能不能幫我一個忙？ [MSC, trad.]
你能不能帮我一个忙？ [MSC, simp.]
Nǐ néng bù néng bāng wǒ yī ge máng? [Pinyin]
Can you do me a favor?
a surname

Synonyms edit

(busy):

冗忙 (rǒngmáng) (literary)
刺促 (literary)
忙忙 (mángmáng) (literary)
忙碌 (mánglù)
煩忙／烦忙 (fánmáng) (literary)
繁忙 (fánmáng)

Dialectal synonyms of 忙 (“busy”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		忙, 忙碌
Mandarin	Beijing	忙
	Taiwan	忙
	Harbin	忙
	Jinan	忙
	Luoyang	忙
	Xi'an	忙
	Wuhan	忙
	Chengdu	忙
	Yangzhou	忙
	Hefei	忙
	Singapore	忙
Cantonese	Guangzhou	唔得閒, 忙
	Hong Kong	唔得閒, 忙
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	唔得閒
	Macau	唔得閒
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	唔得閒
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	忙, 唔得閒
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	唔得閒
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	唔得閒
	Foshan	唔得閒
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	唔得閒
	Foshan (Shunde)	唔得閒
	Foshan (Sanshui)	忙, 唔得閒
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	忙, 唔得閒
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	唔得閒
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	唔得閒
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	唔得閒
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	唔得閒
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	唔得閒
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	唔得閒
	Taishan	唔得閒
	Kaiping (Chikan)	唔得閒
	Enping (Niujiang)	唔得閒
	Heshan (Yayao)	忙, 唔得閒
	Dongguan	唔得閒
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	唔得閒
	Yangjiang	無得閒
	Singapore (Guangfu)	唔得閒, 忙
Gan	Nanchang	忙
Hakka	Meixian	忙, 無閒, 唔閒
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	唔得閒
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	唔得閒
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	唔得閒
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	唔得閒
	Conghua (Lütian)	唔閒
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	無閒
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	無閒
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	無閒
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	無閒
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	無閒
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	無閒
Huizhou	Jixi	忙
Jin	Taiyuan	忙
Northern Min	Jian'ou	無工, 忙
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	無閒, 忙
Southern Min	Xiamen	無閒
	Quanzhou	無閒
	Zhangzhou	無閒
	Kaohsiung	無時閒
	Yilan	無閒
	Changhua (Lukang)	無閒
	Taichung	無閒
	Taichung (Wuqi)	無閒
	Tainan	無閒
	Taitung	無閒
	Hsinchu	無閒
	Penghu (Magong)	無閒
	Singapore (Hokkien)	無閒
	Manila (Hokkien)	無閒
	Chaozhou	唔閒
	Jieyang	唔閒
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	唔得閒
Wu	Shanghai	忙
	Suzhou	忙
	Danyang	忙
	Ningbo	忙
	Wenzhou	忙
Xiang	Changsha	忙
Xiang	Shuangfeng	忙

(to be busy with something): 忙碌 (mánglù)

Antonyms edit

(antonym(s) of “busy”): 閒／闲 (xián)

Compounds edit

不忙不暴
不慌不忙
不用忙
不荒不忙
不著忙
不要忙
促忙 (cùmáng)
促忙促急
倉忙／仓忙 (cāngmáng)
公忙
冗忙 (rǒngmáng)
匆匆忙忙 (cōngcōngmángmáng)
匆忙 (cōngmáng)
大力幫忙／大力帮忙
大忙人 (dàmángrén)
奔忙 (bēnmáng)
幫倒忙／帮倒忙 (bāng dào máng)
幫忙／帮忙 (bāngmáng)
心忙意急
忙上加忙
忙不擇價／忙不择价
忙不迭地
忙不迭的
忙不過來／忙不过来
忙中有錯／忙中有错
忙亂／忙乱 (mángluàn)
忙了手腳／忙了手脚
忙作一團／忙作一团
忙併／忙并
忙劫
忙劫劫
忙哈哈
忙工
忙忙 (mángmáng)
忙忙劫劫
忙忙叨叨
忙忙急急
忙忙碌碌
忙惚兒／忙惚儿
忙手忙腳／忙手忙脚
忙投急趁
忙月
忙活
忙熱／忙热
忙碌 (mánglù)
忙裡偷閒／忙里偷闲
忙迫
忙逼
急忙 (jímáng)
急急忙忙
意急心忙
慌忙 (huāngmáng)
慌忙無措／慌忙无措 (huāngmáng wúcuò)
慌慌忙忙
慌手忙腳／慌手忙脚
手忙腳亂／手忙脚乱 (shǒumángjiǎoluàn)
手慌腳忙／手慌脚忙
擺忙／摆忙
春忙
會家不忙／会家不忙
添忙
無事忙／无事忙
煩忙／烦忙 (fánmáng)
疾忙 (jímáng)
白忙
百忙中
百般忙亂／百般忙乱
瞎忙 (xiāmáng)
窮忙／穷忙 (qióngmáng)
繁忙 (fánmáng)
胡擄忙亂／胡掳忙乱
腳忙手亂／脚忙手乱
荒忙
著忙 (zháománg)
趕忙／赶忙 (gǎnmáng)
農忙／农忙 (nóngmáng)
連忙／连忙 (liánmáng)
鬧忙／闹忙

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

忙

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

busy

Readings edit

Go-on: もう (mō)
Kan-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
Kun: いそがしい (isogashii, 忙しい, Jōyō)

Compounds edit

Korean edit

Hanja edit

忙 (eumhun 바쁠 망 (bappeul mang))

Hanja form^? of 망 (“busy”).

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

忙: Hán Nôm readings: mang

chữ Hán form of mang (“busy”).