剡

Translingual edit

Han character edit

剡 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火火中弓 (FFLN), four-corner 9280₀, composition ⿰炎刂)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 141, character 32
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2059
Dae Jaweon: page 321, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 346, character 1
Unihan data for U+5261

Chinese edit

trad.		剡
simp. ^#		剡
alternative forms		覃 “sharp”

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (炎) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
倓	l'oːmʔ, l'aːm, *l'aːms
緂	l̥ʰaːm, l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam
毯	*l̥ʰaːmʔ
菼	*l̥ʰaːmʔ
裧	l̥ʰaːmʔ, l̥ʰjam, *l̥ʰjams
賧	*l̥ʰaːms
睒	l̥ʰaːms, hljamʔ
舕	*l̥ʰaːms
談	*l'aːm
郯	*l'aːm
惔	l'aːm, l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
錟	*l'aːm
淡	l'aːm, l'aːmʔ, l'aːms, lamʔ
痰	*l'aːm
餤	*l'aːm
啖	l'aːmʔ, l'aːms
腅	*l'aːms
剡	ɦljamʔ, lamʔ
覢	*hljamʔ
掞	*hljams
炎	*ɦlam
琰	*lamʔ
棪	*lamʔ
扊	*lamʔ

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjam (“sharp”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007). Initial *r- was re-interpreted as pre-initial and dropped; whereas doublets 磏 (OC *r(i)am, “whetstone”) and 鐮 (OC *ɡ·rem, “sickle”) retain *r-.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎn (yan³)
(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
  - Wade–Giles: yen³
  - Yale: yǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jim⁵
  - Yale: yíhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm¹³/

Middle Chinese: yemX

Rime
Character	剡
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以冉切
Baxter	yemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/jæm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiam^X/
Li Rong	/iɛm^X/
Wang Li	/jĭɛm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-r[a]mʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*lamʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	剡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ yem^X ›
Old Chinese	/*N-r[a]mʔ/
English	sharp; pierce
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	剡
Reading #	2/2
No.	14317
Phonetic component	炎
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	琰
Old Chinese	/*lamʔ/

Definitions edit

剡

Compounds edit

剡利
剡剡
剡注
剡移
剡耜
剡薦／剡荐
剡鋒／剡锋

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shàn (shan⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sim⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shàn
  - Wade–Giles: shan⁴
  - Yale: shàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shann
  - Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sim⁶
  - Yale: sihm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sim⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: xim⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːm²²/

Middle Chinese: dzyemX

Rime
Character	剡
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時染切
Baxter	dzyemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjæm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiam^X/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛm^X/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sim⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɦljamʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	剡
Reading #	1/2
No.	14311
Phonetic component	炎
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	剡
Old Chinese	/*ɦljamʔ/

Definitions edit

剡

Used in 剡溪.
Used in place names.

Compounds edit

剡溪
剡牘／剡牍

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

剡

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings edit

On (unclassified): えん (en); せん (sen); ぜん (zen)
Kun: するどい (surudoi); そるどくする (sorudokusuru); けずる (kezuru)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

剡 (eum 섬 (seom))
剡 (eum 염 (yeom))

sharp