儺

Translingual edit

Han character edit

儺 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+19, 21 strokes, cangjie input 人廿人土 (OTOG), four-corner 2021₄, composition ⿰亻難)

rich

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 121, character 42
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1317
Dae Jaweon: page 257, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 238, character 16
Unihan data for U+513A

Chinese edit

trad.		儺
simp.		傩
alternative forms		難／难𠹈𩙎𩘾

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 儺

**Small seal script**
s05699

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L32393	L08510

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (暵) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
儺	*naːl
臡	naːl, neːl, *njeːl
嘆	n̥ʰaːn, n̥ʰaːns
灘	n̥ʰaːn, naːns, hnaːnʔ, hnaːns
擹	*n̥ʰaːn
攤	n̥ʰaːn, naːnʔ, *naːns
癱	*n̥ʰaːn
歎	*n̥ʰaːns
難	n̥ʰaːn, naːns
暵	hnaːnʔ, hnaːns
熯	hnaːnʔ, hnaːns, *njanʔ
漢	*hnaːns
戁	rnaːnʔ, njanʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *naːl) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns).

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-n/t (“ill, pain, difficult, evil spirit”).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): nuó (nuo²)
(Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): no⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): nô͘ / lô

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nuó
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nuó
  - Wade–Giles: no²
  - Yale: nwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nuo
  - Palladius: но (no)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: no⁴
  - Yale: nòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: no⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: no⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɔː²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nô͘
  - Tâi-lô: nôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: noo
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /nɔ̃¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /nɔ̃²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô
  - Tâi-lô: lô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: looi
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lo²⁴/

Middle Chinese: na

Rime
Character	儺
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	諾何切
Baxter	na
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/nɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/nɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/na/
Li Rong	/nɑ/
Wang Li	/nɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/nɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nuó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	no⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤar/, /*nˤarʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*naːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	儺	儺	儺
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nuó	nuó	nuó
Middle Chinese	‹ na ›	‹ na ›	‹ na^X ›
Old Chinese	/*nˁar/	/*nˁar/	/*nˁarʔ/
English	expel demons	rich, ample, fine, beautiful	rich, beautiful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	儺
Reading #	1/1
No.	4886
Phonetic component	暵
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	那
Old Chinese	/*naːl/

Definitions edit

儺

^† to walk gracefully; to move to the measured steps
- 巧笑之瑳、佩玉之儺。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  巧笑之瑳、佩玉之傩。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Qiǎoxiào zhī cuō, pèiyù zhī nuó. [Pinyin]
  How shine the white teeth through the artful smiles!
  How the girdle gems move to the measured steps!
Used in 猗儺／猗傩 (“beautiful; graceful”).
^† to expel demons of illness; to exorcise
- 鄉人飲酒，杖者出，斯出矣。鄉人儺，朝服而立於阼階。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  乡人饮酒，杖者出，斯出矣。乡人傩，朝服而立于阼阶。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
  Xiāng rén yǐn jiǔ, zhàng zhě chū, sī chū yǐ. Xiāng rén nuó, cháo fú ér lì yú zuò jiē. [Pinyin]
  When the villagers were drinking together, upon those who carried staffs going out, he went out immediately after.
  When the villagers were going through their ceremonies to drive away pestilential influences, he put on his court robes and stood on the eastern steps.
Nuo ceremony

Compounds edit

儺戲／傩戏 (nuóxì)
儺神／傩神 (nuóshén)
儺祓／傩祓
儺禮／傩礼
儺禳／傩禳
儺聲／傩声
儺舞／傩舞
儺逐／傩逐
儺鼓／傩鼓
和儺／和傩
大儺／大傩
猗儺／猗傩
玉儺／玉傩
行儺／行傩
觀儺／观傩
贈儺／赠傩
進儺／进傩
鄉儺／乡傩
驅儺／驱傩

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

儺

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

exorcism

Readings edit

Go-on: な (na)
Kan-on: だ (da)
Kun: おにやらい (oniyarai, 儺)

Compounds edit

Compounds

Kanji in this term
儺
な Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 儺／傩 (na).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [na̠]

Noun edit

儺(な) • (na)

driving away the gods of disease
- 1972 [1688], Kaibara Chiken, Nihon saijiki [Japan almanac]‎^[1], page 140:
  かゝ(か)る虚(きょ)誕(たん)の説(せつ)をば、その是(ぜ)非(ひ)をあらそはんも口(くち)おしければやみぬ。されば儺(な)は疫(えき)をおいはらふことなり。
  Kakaru kyotan no setsu o ba, sono zehi o arasowan mo kuchioshikereba yaminu. Sareba na wa eki o oiharau koto nari.
  It would be a pity to try to prove such a false exaggerated theory right or wrong, so I'll stop. So na rituals are to drive out the epidemic.

Korean edit

Hanja edit

儺 (eum 나 (na))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

儺: Hán Nôm readings: na

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.