I-Hyaluronic Acid
I-Hyaluronic acid (/ˌhaɪ.əljʊəˈrɒnɪk/; i-HA efushanisiwe; i-conjugate base hyaluronate), ebizwa nangokuthi i-hyaluronan, iyi-anionic, i-non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan esakazeke kabanzi kuzo zonke izicubu zokuxhuma, i-epithelial, ne-neural.
Iyingqayizivele phakathi kwama-glycosaminoglycans njengoba ingena-sulfated, ibunjwa emthonjeni we-plasma esikhundleni somshini we-Golgi, futhi ingaba nkulu kakhulu: i-HA yesintu ihlanganisa ama-Da ayizigidi ezingu-7 nge-molecule, noma ama-monomer e-disaccharide angaba ngu-20,000. Kuyilapho eminye imithombo ikhuluma ngama-Da ayi ayizigidi ezingu-3.4.
Umuntu ovamile ongamakhilogremu angu-70 (150 lb) unamagremu angaba ngu-15 e-hyaluronan emzimbeni, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yazo iphendulwa (okungukuthi, ihlakazekile futhi yenziwe) ngosuku.
Njengenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-extracellular matrix, i-Hyaluronic acid inikela kakhulu ekwandeni nasekuthutheni kwamangqamuzana. Ithuthukisa indlela yokunikeza amalutha, iqiniso nokuvumela ukubambisana kwamahlaya. Njengexenye yeqembu le-streptococcal extracellular capsule, i-Hyaluronic acid ihilelekile kakhulu futhi ikhuthaza indlela yokukhula kwezimila eziningi ezimbi. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-Hyaluronic acid idlala indima ebuthuthukiseni amalutha.
Umlando
I-Hyaluronic acid yatholakala okokuqala nguKarl Meyer noJohn Palmer ngo-1934 emzimbeni we-vitreous emehlweni enkomo. Umkhiqizo wokuqala we-hyaluronan biomedical, i-Healon, wasungulwa ngawo-1970 nawo-1980 yi-Pharmacia, futhi wavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa ekuhlinzweni kwamehlo (okungukuthi, ukufakelwa kwe-cornea, ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract, ukuhlinziwa kwe-glaucoma, kanye nokuhlinzwa kokulungisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal). Ezinye izinkampani ze-biomedical nazo zikhiqiza izinhlobo ze-hyaluronan zokuhlinzwa kwe-ophthalmic.
I-hyaluronic acid engokwemvelo inesikhathi esifushane sokuphila (okuboniswe konogwaja) ngakho-ke izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza ziye zasetshenziswa ukwelula ubude beketanga nokuqinisa i-molecule ukuze isetshenziswe kwezokwelapha. Ukungeniswa kwe-cross-links esekelwe kumaprotheni, ukungeniswa kwama-molecule ahlanzayo akhululekile njenge-sorbitol, kanye nokusimama okuncane kwamaketanga e-HA ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali afana ne-NASHA (i-non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid) zonke izindlela ezisetshenziselwe ukulondoloza ukuphila kwayo.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, ukufakelwa kwe-intraocular lens kwakuvame ukulandelwa yi-corneal edema embi, ngenxa yokulimala kwe-endothelial cell ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Kwaba sobala ukuthi kwakudingeka i-lubricant enamathelayo, ecacile, ye-physiologic ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlakazeka okunjalo kwamangqamuzana e-endothelial.
Igama elithi "hyaluronan" liphinde lisetshenziselwe usawoti.
Izikhombo
Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
- Amakhodi e-ATC: D03AX05 (WHO), M09AX01 (WHO), R01AX09 (WHO), S01KA01 (WHO)
- Hyaluronan at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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