兴奋或刺激(Excitation),是一种激动的心情与感受,一般是对发展的鼓励或活动的原因。在神经科学中指某种输入对神经元的膜电位的一种影响,这种影响使膜电位去极化,即向正值移动。兴奋性输入增高神经元发生冲动的可能性。
兴奋性输入可来自多种途径,包括化学突触的兴奋性神经递质(例如谷氨酸或乙酰胆碱),电突触的作用,以及某些感受器的转导过程。
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