Скелари

Скелари; (Hesperiidae)
	Pelopidas sp.
Научна класификација
Царство:	Animalia
Тип:	Arthropoda
Класа:	Insecta
Поткласа:	Pterygota
Инфракласа:	Neoptera
Надред:	Endopterygota
Ред:	Lepidoptera
(нерангирано):	Rhopalocera
Натпородица:	Hesperioidea
Породица:	Hesperiidae; Latreille, 1809
Типска врста
	Hesperia comma; Linnaeus, 1758
Потпородице
	Coeliadinae; Euschemoninae; Eudaminae; Pyrginae; Heteropterinae; Trapezitinae; Hesperiinae; могуће и Megathyminae;

Скелари су еволутивно најстарији дневни лептири. Фамилија броји око 3.500 врста, распрострањених по целом свету, али највећи број врста живи у неотропским областима Централне и Јужне Америке.

Карактеристике и Систематика

Систематика

Скелари се сврставају у натфамилију Hesperioidea, зато што се морфолошки разликују од осталих дневних лептира (Rhopalocera), који се сврставају у натфамилију Papilionoidea. Трећа, релативно мала натфамилија је Hedylidae у коју спадају мољци-лептири, који живе у неотропским областима, а броји 35 врста лептира из само једног рода - Macrosoma.

Карактеристике

Карактеристике које скеларе одвајају од осталих лептира су снажно тело, велико у односу на крила, крупне очи и размакнути корени антена.

Скелари у Европи

У Европи живе 72 врсте скелара, подељених у 4 потфамилије. Те потфамилије су Coeliadinae, Hesperiinae, Heteropterinae и Pyrginae. Из потфамилије Coeliadinae у Европи је присутна једна врста, из потфамилије Hesperiinae 18 врста, иѕ потфамилије Heteropterinae 6 врста и из потфамилије Pyrginae 47 врста.

Скелари у Србији

У Србији су присутне 24 врсте скелара, у потфамилији Pyrginae 17 врста, у потфамилији Heteropterinae 2 врсте и у потфамилији Hesperiinae 5 врста.

Списак скелара у Србији

Класификација

Родови

Achalarus Scudder, 1872
Achlyodes Hübner, 1819
Adopaeoides Godman, 1900
Agathymus H. Freeman, 1959
Aguna R. Williams, 1927
Amblyscirtes Scudder, 1872
Anastrus Hübner, 1824
Anatrytone Dyar, 1905
Ancyloxypha C. Felder, 1863
Antigonus Hübner, 1819
Apyrrothrix Lindsey, 1921
Arotis Mabille, 1904
Arteurotia Butler and H. Druce, 1872
Asbolis Mabille, 1904
Astraptes Hübner, 1819
Atalopedes Scudder, 1872
Atrytone Scudder, 1872
Atrytonopsis Godman, 1900
Autochton Hübner, 1823
Bolla Mabille, 1903
Cabares Godman and Salvin, 1894
Callimormus Scudder, 1872
Calpodes Hübner, 1819
Carrhenes Godman and Salvin, 1895
Carterocephalus Lederer, 1852
Celaenorrhinus Hübner, 1819
Celotes Godman and Salvin, 1899
Cephise Evans, 1952
Chioides Lindsey, 1921
Chiomara Godman and Salvin, 1899
Choranthus Scudder, 1872
Codatractus Lindsey, 1921
Cogia Butler, 1870
Conga Evans, 1955
Copaeodes Speyer, 1877
Corticea Evans, 1955
Cymaenes Scudder, 1872
Decinea Evans, 1955
Dyscophellus Godman and Salvin, 1893
Eantis Boisduval, 1836
Epargyreus Hübner, 1819
Ephyriades Hübner, 1819
Erionota Mabille, 1878
Erynnis Schrank, 1801
Euphyes Scudder, 1872
Gesta Evans, 1953
Gorgythion Godman and Salvin, 1896
Grais Godman and Salvin, 1894
Heliopetes Billberg, 1820
Heliopyrgus Herrera, 1957
Hesperia Fabricius, 1793
Hesperopsis Dyar, 1905
Hylephila Billberg, 1820
Lerema Scudder, 1872
Lerodea Scudder, 1872
Megathymus Scudder, 1872
Monca Evans, 1955
Mylon Godman and Salvin, 1894
Nastra Evans, 1955
Nisoniades Hübner, 1819
Noctuana E. Bell, 1937
Notamblyscirtes Scott, 2006
Nyctelius Hayward, 1948
Oarisma Scudder, 1872
Ochlodes Scudder, 1872
Oileides Hübner, 1825
Oligoria Scudder, 1872
Panoquina Hemming, 1934
Paratrytone Godman, 1900
Pellicia Herrich-Schäffer, 1870
Perichares Scudder, 1872
Phocides Hübner, 1819
Pholisora Scudder, 1872
Piruna Evans, 1955
Poanes Scudder, 1872
Polites Scudder, 1872
Polygonus Hübner, 1825
Polythrix E. Watson, 1893
Pompeius Evans, 1955
Problema Skinner and R. Williams, 1924
Proteides Hübner, 1819
Pseudocopaeodes Skinner and R. Williams, 1923
Pyrgus Hübner, 1819
Quasimellana Burns, 1994
Rhinthon Godman, 1900
Sostrata Godman and Salvin, 1895
Spathilepia Butler, 1870
Stallingsia H. Freeman, 1959
Staphylus Godman and Salvin, 1896
Stinga Evans, 1955
Synapte Mabille, 1904
Systasea W. H. Edwards, 1877
Tagiades Hübner, 1819
Thespieus Godman, 1900
Thessia Steinhauser, 1989
Thorybes Scudder, 1872
Thymelicus Hübner, 1819
Timochares Godman and Salvin, 1896
Typhedanus Butler, 1870
Urbanus Hübner, 1807
Vettius Godman, 1901
Vidius Evans, 1955
Wallengrenia Berg, 1897
Windia H. Freeman, 1969
Xenophanes Godman and Salvin, 1895
Zestusa Lindsey, 1925

Врсте

Achalarus albociliatus (Mabille, 1877)
Achalarus casica (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
Achalarus lyciades (Geyer, 1832)
Achalarus toxeus (Plötz, 1882)
Achlyodes pallida (R. Felder, 1869)
Adopaeoides prittwitzi (Plötz, 1884)
Agathymus alliae (D. Stallings and Turner, 1957)
Agathymus aryxna (Dyar, 1905)
Agathymus baueri (D. Stallings and Turner, 1954)
Agathymus estelleae (D. Stallings and Turner, 1958)
Agathymus evansi (H. Freeman, 1950)
Agathymus gentryi Roever in T. Emmel, 1998
Agathymus gilberti H. Freeman, 1964
Agathymus mariae (W. Barnes and Benjamin, 1924)
Agathymus neumoegeni (W. H. Edwards, 1882)
Agathymus polingi (Skinner, 1905)
Agathymus remingtoni (D. Stallings and Turner, 1958)
Agathymus stephensi (Skinner, 1912)
Aguna asander (Hewitson, 1867)
Aguna claxon Evans, 1952
Aguna metophis (Latreille, 1824)
Amblyscirtes aenus W. H. Edwards, 1878
Amblyscirtes aesculapius (Fabricius, 1793)
Amblyscirtes alternata (Grote and Robinson, 1867)
Amblyscirtes belli H. Freeman, 1941
Amblyscirtes carolina (Skinner, 1892)
Amblyscirtes cassus W. H. Edwards, 1883
Amblyscirtes celia Skinner, 1895
Amblyscirtes elissa Godman, 1900
Amblyscirtes eos (W. H. Edwards, 1871)
Amblyscirtes exoteria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
Amblyscirtes fimbriata (Plötz, 1882)
Amblyscirtes hegon (Scudder, 1863)
Amblyscirtes linda H. Freeman, 1943
Amblyscirtes nereus (W. H. Edwards, 1876)
Amblyscirtes nysa W. H. Edwards, 1877
Amblyscirtes oslari (Skinner, 1899)
Amblyscirtes phylace (W. H. Edwards, 1878)
Amblyscirtes reversa F. Jones, 1926
Amblyscirtes texanae E. Bell, 1927
Amblyscirtes tolteca Scudder, 1872
Amblyscirtes vialis (W. H. Edwards, 1862)
Anastrus sempiternus (Butler and H. Druce, 1872)
Anatrytone logan (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
Anatrytone mazai (H. Freeman, 1969)
Anatrytone potosiensis (H. Freeman, 1969)
Ancyloxypha arene (W. H. Edwards, 1871)
Ancyloxypha numitor (Fabricius, 1793)
Antigonus emorsa (R. Felder, 1869)
Antigonus erosus (Hübner, 1812)
Apyrrothrix araxes (Hewitson, 1867)
Arteurotia tractipennis Butler and H. Druce, 1872
Asbolis capucinus (Lucas, 1857)
Astraptes alardus (Stoll, 1790)
Astraptes alector (C. Felder and R. Felder, 1867)
Astraptes anaphus (Cramer, 1777)
Astraptes brevicauda (Plötz, 1886)
Astraptes egregius (Butler, 1870)
Astraptes fulgerator (Walch, 1775)
Astraptes galesus (Mabille, 1888)
Astraptes latimargo (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
Atalopedes campestris (Boisduval, 1852)
Atalopedes flaveola (Mabille, 1891)
Atrytone arogos (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1837)
Atrytonopsis cestus (W. H. Edwards, 1884)
Atrytonopsis deva (W. H. Edwards, 1877)
Atrytonopsis edwardsi W. Barnes and McDunnough, 1916
Atrytonopsis hianna (Scudder, 1868)
Atrytonopsis loammi (Whitney, 1876)
Atrytonopsis lunus (W. H. Edwards, 1884)
Atrytonopsis pittacus (W. H. Edwards, 1882)
Atrytonopsis python (W. H. Edwards, 1882)
Atrytonopsis vierecki (Skinner, 1902)
Autochton cellus (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1837)
Autochton cincta (Plötz, 1882)
Autochton pseudocellus (Coolidge and Clemence, 1910)
Bolla brennus (Godman and Salvin, 1896)
Bolla clytius (Godman and Salvin, 1897)
Cabares potrillo (Lucas, 1857)
Callimormus saturnus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
Calpodes ethlius (Stoll, 1782)
Carrhenes canescens (R. Felder, 1869)
Carterocephalus palaemon (Pallas, 1771)
Celaenorrhinus fritzgaertneri (Bailey, 1880)
Celaenorrhinus stallingsi H. Freeman, 1946
Celotes limpia Burns, 1974
Celotes nessus (W. H. Edwards, 1877)
Cephise aelius (Plötz, 1880)
Cephise auginulus (Godman and Salvin, 1893)
Cephise procerus (Plötz, 1880)
Chioides albofasciatus (Hewitson, 1867)
Chioides catillus (Cramer, 1780)
Chioides zilpa (Butler, 1872)
Chiomara asychis (Stoll in Cramer, 1780)
Chiomara georgina (Reakirt, 1868)
Chiomara mithrax (Möschler, 1879)
Choranthus haitensis (Skinner, 1920)
Choranthus radians (Lucas, 1857)
Choranthus vitellius (Fabricius, 1793)
Codatractus alcaeus (Hewitson, 1867)
Codatractus arizonensis (Skinner, 1905)
Codatractus melon (Godman and Salvin, 1893)
Codatractus valeriana (Plötz, 1881)
Cogia caicus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
Cogia calchas (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
Cogia hippalus (W. H. Edwards, 1882)
Cogia outis (Skinner, 1894)
Conga chydaea (Butler, 1877)
Copaeodes aurantiaca (Hewitson, 1868)
Copaeodes minima (W. H. Edwards, 1870)
Corticea corticea (Plötz, 1882)
Cymaenes odilia (Burmeister, 1878)
Cymaenes trebius (Mabille, 1891)
Cymaenes tripunctus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1865)
Decinea decinea (Hewitson, 1876)
Decinea huasteca (H. Freeman, 1969)
Decinea percosius (Godman, 1900)
Dyscophellus euribates (Stoll, 1782)
Eantis peruvianus Mabille and Boullet, 1917
Eantis tamenund (W. H. Edwards, 1871)
Eantis thraso (Hübner, 1807)
Epargyreus clarus (Cramer, 1775)
Epargyreus exadeus (Cramer, 1779)
Epargyreus zestos (Geyer, 1832)
Ephyriades brunnea (Herrich-Schäffer, 1865)
Erionota thrax (Linnaeus, 1767)
Erionota torus Evans, 1941
Erynnis afranius (Lintner, 1878)
Erynnis baptisiae (W. Forbes, 1936)
Erynnis brizo (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1837)
Erynnis funeralis (Scudder and Burgess, 1870)
Erynnis horatius (Scudder and Burgess, 1870)
Erynnis icelus (Scudder and Burgess, 1870)
Erynnis juvenalis (Fabricius, 1793)
Erynnis lucilius (Scudder and Burgess, 1870)
Erynnis martialis (Scudder, 1870)
Erynnis meridianus E. Bell, 1927
Erynnis pacuvius (Lintner, 1878)
Erynnis persius (Scudder, 1863)
Erynnis propertius (Scudder and Burgess, 1870)
Erynnis scudderi (Skinner, 1914)
Erynnis tages (Linnaeus, 1758)
Erynnis telemachus Burns, 1960
Erynnis tristis (Boisduval, 1852)
Erynnis zarucco (Lucas, 1857)
Euphyes arpa (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1837)
Euphyes bayensis Shuey, 1989
Euphyes berryi (E. Bell, 1941)
Euphyes bimacula (Grote and Robinson, 1867)
Euphyes conspicua (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
Euphyes dion (W. H. Edwards, 1879)
Euphyes dukesi (Lindsey, 1923)
Euphyes pilatka (W. H. Edwards, 1867)
Euphyes vestris (Boisduval, 1852)
Gesta gesta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1863)
Gesta invisus (Butler and H. Druce, 1872)
Gorgythion begga (Prittwitz, 1868)
Grais stigmaticus (Mabille, 1883)
Heliopetes arsalte (Linnaeus, 1758)
Heliopetes ericetorum (Boisduval, 1852)
Heliopetes laviana (Hewitson, 1868)
Heliopetes macaira (Reakirt, 1867)
Heliopyrgus domicella (Erichson, 1849)
Heliopyrgus sublinea (Schaus, 1902)
Hesperia assiniboia (Lyman, 1892)
Hesperia attalus (W. H. Edwards, 1871)
Hesperia colorado (Scudder, 1874)
Hesperia columbia (Scudder, 1872)
Hesperia comma (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hesperia dacotae (Skinner, 1911)
Hesperia juba (Scudder, 1874)
Hesperia leonardus T. Harris, 1862
Hesperia lindseyi (W. Holland, 1930)
Hesperia meskei (W. H. Edwards, 1877)
Hesperia metea Scudder, 1863
Hesperia miriamae MacNeill, 1959
Hesperia nevada (Scudder, 1874)
Hesperia ottoe W. H. Edwards, 1866
Hesperia pahaska Leussler, 1938
Hesperia sassacus T. Harris, 1862
Hesperia uncas W. H. Edwards, 1863
Hesperia viridis (W. H. Edwards, 1883)
Hesperia woodgatei (R. Williams, 1914)
Hesperopsis alpheus (W. H. Edwards, 1876)
Hesperopsis gracielae (MacNeill, 1970)
Hesperopsis libya (Scudder, 1878)
Hylephila phyleus (Drury, 1773)
Lerema accius (J. E. Smith, 1797)
Lerema liris Evans, 1955
Lerodea arabus (W. H. Edwards, 1882)
Lerodea eufala (W. H. Edwards, 1869)
Megathymus cofaqui (Strecker, 1876)
Megathymus streckeri (Skinner, 1895)
Megathymus ursus Poling, 1902
Megathymus yuccae (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1837)
Monca crispinus (Plötz, 1882)
Mylon pelopidas (Fabricius, 1793)
Nastra julia (H. Freeman, 1945)
Nastra lherminier (Latreille, 1824)
Nastra neamathla (Skinner and R. Williams, 1923)
Nisoniades rubescens (Möschler, 1877)
Noctuana stator (Godman and Salvin, 1899)
Notamblyscirtes simius (W. H. Edwards, 1881)
Nyctelius nyctelius (Latreille, 1824)
Oarisma edwardsii (W. Barnes, 1897)
Oarisma garita (Reakirt, 1866)
Oarisma poweshiek (Parker, 1870)
Ochlodes agricola (Boisduval, 1852)
Ochlodes sylvanoides (Boisduval, 1852)
Ochlodes yuma (W. H. Edwards, 1873)
Oligoria maculata (W. H. Edwards, 1865)
Panoquina errans (Skinner, 1892)
Panoquina evansi (H. Freeman, 1946)
Panoquina fusina (Hewitson, 1868)
Panoquina hecebolus (Scudder, 1872)
Panoquina lucas (Fabricius, 1793)
Panoquina ocola (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
Panoquina panoquin (Scudder, 1863)
Panoquina panoquinoides (Skinner, 1891)
Paratrytone snowi (W. H. Edwards, 1877)
Pellicia angra Evans, 1953
Pellicia arina Evans, 1953
Pellicia dimidiata Herrich-Schäffer, 1870
Perichares philetes (Gmelin, 1790)
Phocides belus Godman and Salvin, 1890
Phocides pigmalion (Cramer, 1779)
Phocides polybius (Fabricius, 1793)
Phocides urania (Westwood, 1852)
Phocides vulcanides Röber, 1925
Pholisora catullus (Fabricius, 1793)
Pholisora mejicanus (Reakirt, 1867)
Piruna aea (Dyar, 1912)
Piruna haferniki H. Freeman, 1970
Piruna microstictus (Godman, 1900)
Piruna penaea (Dyar, 1918)
Piruna pirus (W. H. Edwards, 1878)
Piruna polingii (W. Barnes, 1900)
Poanes aaroni (Skinner, 1890)
Poanes hobomok (T. Harris, 1862)
Poanes massasoit (Scudder, 1863)
Poanes melane (W. H. Edwards, 1869)
Poanes taxiles (W. H. Edwards, 1881)
Poanes viator (W. H. Edwards, 1865)
Poanes yehl (Skinner, 1893)
Poanes zabulon (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1837)
Polites baracoa (Lucas, 1857)
Polites carus (W. H. Edwards, 1883)
Polites draco (W. H. Edwards, 1871)
Polites mardon (W. H. Edwards, 1881)
Polites mystic (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
Polites origenes (Fabricius, 1793)
Polites peckius (W. Kirby, 1837)
Polites rhesus (W. H. Edwards, 1878)
Polites sabuleti (Boisduval, 1852)
Polites sonora (Scudder, 1872)
Polites subreticulata (Plötz, 1883)
Polites themistocles (Latreille, 1824)
Polites vibex (Geyer, 1832)
Polygonus leo (Gmelin, 1790)
Polygonus savigny (Latreille, 1824)
Polythrix asine (Hewitson, 1867)
Polythrix mexicanus H. Freeman, 1969
Polythrix octomaculata (Sepp, 1844)
Pompeius verna (W. H. Edwards, 1862)
Problema bulenta (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1837)
Problema byssus (W. H. Edwards, 1880)
Proteides mercurius (Fabricius, 1787)
Pseudocopaeodes eunus (W. H. Edwards, 1881)
Pyrgus albescens Plötz, 1884
Pyrgus centaureae (Rambur, 1842)
Pyrgus communis (Grote, 1872)
Pyrgus oileus (Linnaeus, 1767)
Pyrgus philetas W. H. Edwards, 1881
Pyrgus ruralis (Boisduval, 1852)
Pyrgus scriptura (Boisduval, 1852)
Pyrgus xanthus W. H. Edwards, 1878
Quasimellana eulogius (Plötz, 1882)
Quasimellana mexicana (E. Bell, 1942)
Rhinthon osca (Plötz, 1882)
Sostrata bifasciata (Ménétriés, 1829)
Sostrata nordica Evans, 1953
Spathilepia clonius (Cramer, 1775)
Stallingsia maculosus (H. Freeman, 1955)
Staphylus azteca (Scudder, 1872)
Staphylus ceos (W. H. Edwards, 1882)
Staphylus hayhurstii (W. H. Edwards, 1870)
Staphylus mazans (Reakirt, 1867)
Stinga morrisoni (W. H. Edwards, 1878)
Synapte malitiosa (Herrich-Schäffer, 1865)
Synapte pecta Evans, 1955
Synapte salenus (Mabille, 1883)
Synapte shiva (Evans, 1955)
Synapte syraces (Godman, 1901)
Systasea pulverulenta (R. Felder, 1869)
Systasea zampa (W. H. Edwards, 1876)
Tagiades insularis Mabille, 1876
Thespieus macareus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
Thessia jalapus (Plötz, 1881)
Thorybes bathyllus (J. E. Smith, 1797)
Thorybes confusis E. Bell, 1923
Thorybes diversus E. Bell, 1927
Thorybes drusius (W. H. Edwards, 1884)
Thorybes mexicana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
Thorybes pylades (Scudder, 1870)
Thymelicus lineola (Ochsenheimer, 1808)
Timochares ruptifasciata (Plötz, 1884)
Typhedanus undulatus (Hewitson, 1867)
Urbanus belli (Hayward, 1935)
Urbanus dorantes (Stoll, 1790)
Urbanus doryssus (Swainson, 1831)
Urbanus esmeraldus (Butler, 1877)
Urbanus procne (Plötz, 1881)
Urbanus pronus Evans, 1952
Urbanus proteus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Urbanus simplicius (Stoll, 1790)
Urbanus tanna Evans, 1952
Urbanus teleus (Hübner, 1821)
Urbanus velinus (Plötz, 1880)
Vettius fantasos (Cramer, 1780)
Vidius perigenes (Godman, 1900)
Wallengrenia egeremet (Scudder, 1863)
Wallengrenia otho (J. E. Smith, 1797)
Windia windi H. Freeman, 1969
Xenophanes tryxus (Stoll in Cramer, 1780)
Zestusa dorus (W. H. Edwards, 1882)

Извори

Литература

Спољашње везе

Hesperiidae
leptiri.beograd.com
„Family Hesperiidae”. Insecta.pro. Приступљено 6. 2. 2020.
Nearctica North America (Index page)
Skippers of North America: Large format diagnostic photographs Cirrus Digital Imaging
Internet Archive Free download of Watson, E.Y. 1891 Hesperiidae Indicae: Being a reprint of descriptions of the Hesperiidae of India, Burma, and Ceylon

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