afi/Spanuel

The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Spanish language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-es}}, {{IPAc-es}}, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Generally, Castilian Spanish is used in IPA transcriptions except for some words with /θ/ and /ʎ/:

  • For terms that are more relevant to regions that have undergone yeísmo (where words such as haya and halla are pronounced the same), words spelled with ⟨ll⟩ can be transcribed with [ʝ].
  • For terms that are more relevant to regions that have seseo (where words such as caza and casa are pronounced the same), words spelled with ⟨z⟩ or ⟨c⟩ (the latter only before ⟨i⟩ or ⟨e⟩) can be transcribed with [s].

In all other cases, if a local pronunciation is made, it should be labeled as "local" (e.g. {{IPA-es|...|local}}).

See Spanish phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Spanish, and Spanish dialects and varieties for regional variation.

Consonants
IPA Examples English approximation
b bestia, embuste, vaca, envidia, fútbol about
β bebé, viva, curva, obtuso, apto about, but without lips completely closed
d dedo, cuando, aldaba today
ð diva, arder, admirar, atmósfera, juventud this
f fase face
ɡ gato, guerra, lengua again
ɣ trigo, amargo, signo, doctor again, but without the tongue touching the roof of the mouth
ʝ ayuno you
ɟʝ yermo, cónyuge jeep
k caña, quise, kilo scan
l lino lean
ʎ llave million
m madre, campo mother
ɱ anfibio comfort
n nido, sin, álbum need
ɲ ñandú, cónyuge canyon
ŋ cinco, tengo sing
p pozo spouse
r rumbo, carro, honra, subrayar trilled r
ɾ caro, bravo, partir atom (with flapping)
s saco, espita, xenón between sip and ship (retracted) (E), sip (LA)
θ cereal, zorro, jazmín thing
t tamiz stand
chubasco choose
v afgano van
x jamón, general, México, hámster Scottish loch
z isla, mismo, riesgo between zone and genre (retracted) (E), zone (LA)
Marginal phonemes
IPA Examples English approximation
ʃ show, Rocher, Freixenet shack
Vowels
IPA Examples English approximation
a mal father
e es berry
i di, y see
o sol more
u su food
 
Semivowels
IPA Examples English approximation
j ciudad, rey yet
w cuatro, Huila, auto wine
 
Stress and syllabification
IPA Examples English approximation
ˈ ciudad [θjuˈðað] domain
. o [ˈmi.o] Leo

Notes

References

  • Hualde, José Ignacio (2005), The Sounds of Spanish, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-54538-2
  • Hualde, José Ignacio; Simonet, Miquel; Torreira, Francisco (2008), "Postlexical contraction of nonhigh vowels in Spanish", Lingua, 118 (12): 1906–1925, doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2007.10.004
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/s0025100303001373

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