Textual variants in the Hebrew Bible manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to the text that is being reproduced.
Although the Masoretic Text (MT) counts as the authoritative form of the Hebrew Bible according to Rabbinic Judaism, modern scholars seeking to understand the history of the Hebrew Bible use a range of sources. These include the Greek Septuagint (LXX), the Syriac languagePeshitta translation, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls collection, and quotations from rabbinic manuscripts. These sources may be older than the Masoretic Text in some cases, and often differ from it. These differences have given rise to the theory that yet another text, an Urtext of the Hebrew Bible, once existed and is the source of the versions extant today. However, such an Urtext has never been found, and which of the three commonly known versions (Septuagint, Masoretic Text, Samaritan Pentateuch) is closest to the Urtext is debated.
This list provides examples of known textual variants, and contains the following parameters: Hebrew texts written right to left, the Hebrew text romanised left to right, an approximate English translation, and which Hebrew manuscripts or critical editions of the Hebrew Bible this textual variant can be found in. Greek (Septuagint) and Latin (Vulgate) texts are written left to right, and not romanised. Sometimes additional translation or interpretation notes are added, with references to similar verses elsewhere, or in-depth articles on the topic in question.
אֱלֹהִ֑ים, 'ĕ-lō-hîm ('[the] gods' or 'God') – MT (4QGenb) 4QGeng SP. Grammatically speaking, the word elohim is a masculine plural noun meaning "gods", but it is often translated as singular and capitalised as Elohim, meaning "God".
וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן, way·hî-ḵên., 'and it was so.' – MT 4QGenb 4QGeng SP Damascus Pent. Codex
Et factum est ita., 'And so it was done.' – VgColunga&Turrado
omitted – LXX ABP
Genesis 1:9
מָקֹ֣ום, mā·qō·wm, 'place' – MT 4QGenb Damascus Pent. Codex SP. The Yiddish word Mokum ("city") is derived from Makom.
מקוה, mikvé, 'ritual bath' – 4QGen.h A mikveh is a ritual bath in modern Judaism.
συναγωγην, 'gathering' – LXX ABP. The English word "synagogue" is derived from συναγωγή.
locum, 'place' – VgColunga&Turrado The English word "location" is derived from locus.
Genesis 1:9
και συνηχθη το νδωρ το υποκατω του ουρανου εις τας συναγωγας αυτών και ωφθη η ζηρα, 'And the water underneath the heaven gathered together into their gatherings, and the dry [land] appeared.' – LXX ABP. Compare Book of Jubilees 2:6.
וַיִּיצֶר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־ הָֽאָדָ֗ם עָפָר֙ מִן־ הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה, way-yî-ṣer Yah-weh 'ĕ-lō-hîm 'eṯ-hā-'ā-ḏām, 'ā-p̄ār min-hā-'ă-ḏā-māh,, 'And [the] god Yahweh formed [a/the] man [from] the dust of the ground/earth' – MT SP.
There is a word play between אָדָם, ā-ḏām ("man", "human", later usually simply translated as the personal name "Adam") and אֲדָמָה, 'ă-ḏā-māh, 'ground, earth'.
καὶ ἔπλασεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον χοῦν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς·, 'And the god shaped the dust man from the earth' – LXXSwete
καὶ ἔπλασεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον χοῦν λαβών ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, 'And the god shaped the man taking dust from the earth' – ABP
Formavit igitur Dominus Deus hominem de limo terrae, 'Therefore, (the) Lord God formed the human/man with the earth's mud/clay' – VgColunga&Turrado
Genesis 2:8
יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים, Yah-weh 'ĕ-lō-hîm, 'Yahweh the god' – MT SP
ὁ θεὸς, 'the god' – ABP
κύριος ο θεός, 'lord the god' – LXX
Κύριος ὁ θεὸς, 'Lord the god' – LXXSwete
Dominus Deus, '(the) Lord God' – VgColunga&Turrado
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר קַ֖יִן אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה גָּדֹ֥ול עֲוֹנִ֖י מִנְּשֹֽׂא׃, way-yō-mer qa-yin ’el- Yah-weh; gā-ḏō-wl ‘ă-wō-nî min-nə-śō., 'And Cain said to Yahweh: Great is my punishment to bear.' – WLC
καὶ εἶπεν Κάιν πρὸς τὸν κύριον Μείζων ἡ αἰτία μου τοῦ ἀφεθῆναί με., 'And Cain said to (the) lord: My fault is (too) great to forgive me.' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs ABP
Dixitque Cain ad Dominum: Major est iniquitas mea, quam ut veniam merear., 'And Cain said to (the) Lord: My iniquity is greater than that [I] deserve pardon.' – VgColunga&Turrado
עֲשֵׂ֤ה לְךָ֙ תֵּבַ֣ת עֲצֵי־גֹ֔פֶר, ‘ă-śêh lə-ḵā tê-ḇaṯ ‘ă-ṣê- ḡō-p̄er,, 'Make for yourself [a] box/basket of gopher wood' – WLC
ποίησον οὖν σεαυτῷ κιβωτὸν ἐκ ξύλων τετραγώνων·, 'Then make for yourself [a] wooden box out of four-cornered wood!' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs ABP
Fac tibi arcam de lignis laevigatis;, 'Make for yourself [a] chest/box of polished wood;' – VgColunga&Turrado
In other contexts, each of the Hebrew, Greek and Latin words are used to describe a (wooden) box, basket or chest for storage. The traditionally used English word ark derives from the Latin word arca (from the verb arceō, "to keep off/away/close"), which outside of the Bible never refers to any kind of ship, but always a relatively small object for keeping items. The same nouns are used for the Ark of the Covenant. The Hebrew noun H1613 גֹ֔פֶר gopher is a hapax legomenon.
אִ֣ישׁ הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה, ’îš hā-’ă-ḏā-māh, '[a] man of the land/ground/earth/soil' – WLC
ἄνθρωπος γεωργὸς γῆς, '[a] farmer-man of [the] land/earth/soil or [a] tilling/working/fertilising man of [the] land/earth/soil' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs ABP
vir agricola exercere terram, '[a] farmer-man to work at [the] land/earth/soil or [a] man working as [a] farmer on [the] land/earth/soil' – VgColunga&Turrado
וַעֲלָטָ֖ה הָיָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה תַנּ֤וּר עָשָׁן֙ וְלַפִּ֣יד אֵ֔שׁ, wa-‘ă-lā-ṭāh hā-yāh; wə-hin-nêh ṯan-nūr 'ā-šān wə-lap-pîḏ 'êš,, 'and it became dark, behold a firepot/oven smoking and a torch burning' – WLC
φλὸξ ἐγένετο· καὶ ἰδοὺ κλίβανος καπνιζόμενος καὶ λαμπάδες πυρός,, 'a flame came/happened. And behold, an oven smoking and torches/lamps of fire' LXXSwete Brenton ABP
facta est caligo tenebrosa, et apparuit clibanus fumans, et lampas ignis, 'a dark fog happened, and a smoking furnace appeared, and lamps of fire' – VgColunga&Turrado
וַיִּקַּ֥ח אֹתָ֛הּ וַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב אֹתָ֖הּ וַיְעַנֶּֽהָ׃, way-yiq-qaḥ ’ō-ṯāh way-yiš-kaḇ ’ō-ṯāh way-‘an-ne-hā., 'and he took her, and he laid her, and he raped her.' – WLC
adamavit eam: et rapuit, et dormivit cum illa, vi opprimens virginem., '[he] fell in love with her: and [he] abducted [her], and slept with her, attacking/subduing/oppressing [the] virgin by force.' – VgColunga&Turrado
וַתִּדְבַּ֣ק נַפְשֹׁ֔ו בְּדִינָ֖ה בַּֽת־יַעֲקֹ֑ב וַיֶּֽאֱהַב֙ אֶת־הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר עַל־לֵ֥ב הַֽנַּעֲרָֽ׃, wat-tiḏ-baq nap̄-šōw bə-ḏî-nāh baṯ- ya-‘ă-qōḇ; way-ye-’ĕ-haḇ ’eṯ- han-na-‘ă-rā, way-ḏab-bêr ‘al- lêḇ han-na-‘ă-rā., 'And he stayed with/kept Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, and he lusted after the young woman, and he tried to quiet the young woman.' – WLC
καὶ προσέσχεν τῇ ψυχῇ Δείνας τῆς θυγατρὸς Ἰακώβ, καὶ ἠγάπησεν τὴν παρθένον, καὶ ἐλάλησεν κατὰ τὴν διάνοιαν τῆς παρθένου αὐτῇ, 'and [he] clung to the breath/soul/mind/person of Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, and he took pleasure in the young woman, and he spoke against the mind of the young woman.' LXXSwete
καὶ προσέσχε τῇ ψυχῇ Δείνας/Δίνας τῆς θυγατρὸς Ἰακώβ καὶ ἠγάπησε τὴν παρθένον καὶ ἐλάλησε κατὰ τὴν διάνοιαν τῆς παρθένου αὐτῇ, 'and [he] clung to the breath/soul/mind/person of Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, and he took pleasure in the young woman, and he spoke against the mind of the young woman.' Brenton ABP
Et conglutinata est anima ejus cum ea, tristemque delinivit blanditiis., 'And his soul was glued to her, and [he] soothed [the] sad one with blandishments.' – VgColunga&Turrado
Genesis 34:3 (twice)
הנער, han-na-‘ar, 'the young man' [H5288] – MT
הנערה, han-na-‘ă-rā,, 'the young woman' [H5291] – SP
παρθένον/παρθένου, 'young woman or virgin' – LXXSwete Brenton ABP
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה, way-yō-mer ’ĕ-lō-hîm ’el-mō-šeh, ’eh-yeh ’ă-šer ’eh-yeh;, '[And] the god/God said to Moses: "I am that/who I am",' – WLC
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ θεὸς πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ὤν·, 'and the god said to Moses, saying: "I am the being / the [one] who is/exists."' – LXXSwete
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς πρὸς Μωυσῆν, λέγων, ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Ὤν·, 'And God spoke to Moses, saying, I am THE BEING' – Brenton
και είπεν ο θεός προς Μωυσήν εγώ ειμι ο ων, 'And God said to Moses, I am the one being.' – ABP
Dixit Deus ad Moysen: Ego sum qui sum., 'God said to Moses: I am who I am.' – VgColunga&Turrado
וַיְהִי֩ קֹלֹ֨ת וּבְרָקִ֜ים, way-hî qō-lōṯ ū-ḇə-rā-qîm, 'and there were voices/sounds/noises/thunders and lightnings / flashes of lightning / gleamings' – WLC
ויהי קולות וברקים, way-hi q-v-l-v-t ū-ḇə-rā-qîm, 'and there were voices/sounds/noises/thunders and lightnings / flashes of lightning / gleamings' – SP
καὶ ἐγίνοντο φωναὶ καὶ ἀστραπαὶ, 'and there were voices/sounds and lightnings / flashes of lightning / brightnesses' – LXXSwete Brenton
και εγένοντο φωναί και άστραπαι, 'and there were voices/sounds and lightnings / flashes of lightning / brightnesses' – ABP
et ecce coeperunt audiri tonitrua, ac micare fulgura, 'and behold, thunders began to be heard, and lightnings to flash' – VgColunga&Turrado
לֹֽ֣א יִהְיֶֽה־לְךָ֛֩ אֱלֹהִ֥֨ים אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים עַל־פָּנָֽ֗יַ, lō yih-yeh-lə-ḵā ’ĕ-lō-hîm ’ă-ḥê-rîm ‘al-pā-nā-ya,, 'You shall not have other/further gods over/against/above/beside me' – WLC
אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים ’ă-ḥê-rîm is from H312 אחר (achér), which can mean "another", "other", "different", "further", "subsequent", "following", "next", "after".
עַל־ al- is from H5921 על (al), which can mean "over", "against", "above", "beside(s)" (or "along(side)"), "about/concerning", "according", or many other less frequent meanings, and features in the name El Al ("Upwards").
Οὐκ ἔσονταί σοι θεοὶ ἕτεροι πλὴν ἐμοῦ., 'There shall not be to you other gods besides/except me' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP
ἕτεροι heteroi is from ἕτερος, which can mean "other", "another", "different", "second", "after", and the origin of the English word hetero-.
Non habebis deos alienos coram me., '[You] shall have no alien/foreign/strange gods before me / in my presence.' – VgColunga&Turrado
alienos is from aliēnus (compare alius and alter), and the origin of the English word alien.
Compare Deuteronomy 5:7 (Hebrew witnesses identical, Greek and Latin witnesses different).
ὁ βοῦς σου, καὶ τὸ ὑποζύγιόν σου, καὶ πᾶν κτῆνός σου, 'your ox/cow, and your beast of burden/donkey/mule, and all your beasts of burden/cattle,' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP
jumentum tuum,, 'your beast of burden,' – VgColunga&Turrado
καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν, 'and the sea' – LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP
et mare,, 'and [the] sea,' – VgColunga&Turrado
omitted – LXXSwete
Compare Deuteronomy 5:15 (an entirely different sentence in all witnesses, which supports Sabbath observance by reference to the Exodus rather than the Genesis creation narrative).
The noun H7676 שַׁבָּת shabbath "Sabbath" (Greek: G4521 σάββατον) is derived from, but independent of, the adjective H7637 שְׁבִיעִי šə-ḇî-‘î "seventh" (Greek: G1442 ἕβδομος/ἕβδομη, see hebdo-) earlier in this verse. See Biblical Sabbath § Etymology.
διὰ τοῦτο εὐλόγησεν Κύριος τὴν ἡμέραν τὴν ἑβδόμην, 'Because of this, [the] Lord blessed the seventh day' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP
idcirco benedixit Dominus diei sabbati,, 'therefore [the] Lord blessed [the] day of Sabbath,' – VgColunga&Turrado
Compare Deuteronomy 5:15 (an entirely different sentence in all witnesses, which supports Sabbath observance by reference to the Exodus rather than the Genesis creation narrative).
ίνα ευ σοι γένηται, 'in order that good [things] should happen to you' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP
omitted – WLC VgColunga&Turrado
Compare Deuteronomy 5:16 (where this phrase is identical in Greek witnesses, and not omitted in Hebrew and Latin witnesses, albeit phrased slightly differently from Greek).
Non occides. Non moechaberis. Non furtum facies., '[You] shall not kill/slay. [You] shall not commit adultery. [You] shall not commit theft.' – VgColunga&Turrado
לֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ד בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֑ךָ לֹֽא־תַחְמֹ֞ד אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֶ֗ךָ, lō ṯaḥ-mōḏ bêṯ rê-‘e-ḵā; lō-ṯaḥ-mōḏ ’ê-šeṯ rê-‘e-ḵā,, 'You shall not covet the house of your neighbour. You shall not covet the wife of your neighbour' – WLC
Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον σου· οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ πλησίον σου οὔτε τὸν ἀγρὸν αὐτοῦ, 'You shall not covet the woman/wife of your neighbour. You shall not covet the house of your neighbour, nor his field,' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton
Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον σου· οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ πλησίον σου ουδέ τὸν ἀγρὸν αὐτοῦ, 'You shall not covet the woman/wife of your neighbour. You shall not covet the house of your neighbour, nor his field,' – ABP
Non concupisces domum proximi tui, nec desiderabis uxorem ejus,, '[You] shall not covet [the] house of your neighbour, nor shall [you] desire his wife,' – VgColunga&Turrado
concupīscō is derived from (con)cupiō ("I desire"), the origin of the English verb "to covet" and the name of the Roman god Cupid.
ούτε παντός κτήνους αυτού, 'nor any of his cattle/beasts [of burden]' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP
omitted – WLC VgColunga&Turrado
Exodus 20:18
וְכָל־, wə-ḵāl, 'And all' – WLC
Καὶ πᾶς, 'And all' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton
πας, 'All' – ABP
Cunctus autem, 'But/and all' – VgColunga&Turrado
Exodus 20:18
הַקֹּולֹ֜ת וְאֶת־הַלַּפִּידִ֗ם, haq-qō-w-lōṯ ’eṯ-hal-lap-pî-ḏim,, 'the voices/sounds/noises/thunders and the torches' – WLC
την φωνήν και τας λαμπάδας, 'the voice/sound and the torches/lamps/lanterns' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP. φωνή and λᾰμπᾰ́ς are the origins of the English words phone and lamp respectively.
voces et lampades, '(the) voices and (the) torches/lamps/lanterns' – VgColunga&Turrado. vōx is the root of the English word voice.
Compare Exodus 19:16
Exodus 20:19
פֶּן־, pen-, 'lest/or' – WLC
μὴ, 'not' – LXXSwete Brenton
μήποτε, 'lest/otherwise' – LXXRahlfs ABP
ne forte, 'lest' – VgColunga&Turrado
Exodus 20:20
Μωσῆς, 'Moses' – LXXSwete
Μωυσῆς, 'Moses' – LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP
Exodus 20:21
ἱστήκει δὲ ὁ λαὸς, 'And the people stood' – LXXSwete
εἱστήκει δὲ ὁ λαὸς, 'And the people stood' – LXXRahlfs Brenton
εἱστήκει δὲ πας ὁ λαὸς, 'And all the people stood' – ABP
Exodus 20:23
תעשון, ṯa-‘ă-śūn, '[you] have made or [you] shall make' – MT WLC
וּמְקַלֵּ֥ל אָבִ֛יו וְאִמֹּ֖ו מֹ֥ות יוּמָֽת׃ ס, ū-mə-qal-lêl ’ā-ḇîw wə-’im-mōw mō-wṯ yū-māṯ. s, 'And he who curses his father or his mother surely shall be put to death.' – MT
Ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα αὐτοῦ ἢ μητέρα αὐτοῦ τελευτήσει θανάτῳ., 'He that speaks evil of his father or his mother must end in death.' – LXXSwete Brenton
Ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα αὐτοῦ ἢ μητέρα αὐτοῦ θανάτῳ τελευτάτω., 'He that speaks evil of his father or his mother in death let him end.' – ABP
Qui maledixerit patri suo, vel matri, morte moriatur., 'Who[ever] speaks evil of his father, or mother, let [him] die by death.' – VgClement VgColunga&Turrado
Compare New Testament quotation:
Ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα θανάτῳ τελευτάτω., 'He that speaks evil of father or mother in death let him end.' – Mark 7:10
אֶת־הָאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י וְהַחִתִּי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י וְהַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃, ’eṯ- hā-’ĕ-mō-rî wə-hak-kə-na-‘ă-nî, wə-ha-ḥit-tî wə-hap-pə-riz-zî, wə-ha-ḥiw-wî wə-hay-ḇū-sî., 'the Amorite and the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite.' – WLC
τὸν Ἀμορραῖον καὶ Χαναναῖον καὶ Φερεζαῖον καὶ Χετταῖον καὶ Εὑαῖον καὶ Γεργεσαῖον καὶ Ἰεβουσαῖον·, 'the Amorite and Canaanite and Perizzite and Hittite and Hivite and Gergesite and Jebusite;' – LXXSwete
τὸν Αμορραῖον καὶ Χαναναῖον καὶ Χετταῖον καὶ Φερεζαῖον καὶ Ευαῖον καὶ Γεργεσαῖον καὶ Ιεβουσαῖον·, 'the Amorite and Canaanite and Hittite and Perizzite and Hivite and Gergesite and Jebusite;' – LXXRahlfs Brenton
τὸν Αμορραῖον καὶ τὸν Χαναναῖον καὶ τὸν Χετταῖον καὶ τὸν Φερεζαῖον καὶ τὸν Ευαῖον καὶ τὸν Γεργεσαῖον καὶ τὸν Ιεβουσαῖον·, 'the Amorite and the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Gergesite and the Jebusite;' – ABP
Amorrhaeum, et Chananaeum, et Hethaeum, Pherezaeum quoque, et Hevaeum, et Jebusaeum., '[the] Amorite, and (the) Canaanite, and (the) Hittite, (the) Perizzite too, and (the) Hivite, and (the) Jebusite.' – VgColunga&Turrado
כִּ֛י לֹ֥א תִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה לְאֵ֣ל אַחֵ֑ר כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ קַנָּ֣א שְׁמֹ֔ו אֵ֥ל קַנָּ֖א הֽוּא׃, 'For you shall not worship any other god, for Yahweh, whose name [is] Jealous, is a jealous god.' – WLC
οὐ γὰρ μὴ προσκυνήσητε θεοῖς ἑτέροις· ὁ γὰρ Κύριος ὁ θεὸς ζηλωτὸν ὄνομα, θεὸς ζηλωτής ἐστι(ν)., 'For [you] should not revere other gods: for Lord the god [has?] [a] zealot-name, [the] god is [a] zealot. or for the Lord God, a jealous name, is a jealous God.' – LXXSwete Brenton
οὐ γὰρ μὴ προσκυνήσητε θεῷ ἑτέρῳ· ὁ γὰρ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ζηλωτὸν ὄνομα, θεὸς ζηλωτής ἐστι(ν)., 'For [you] should not revere another god: for lord the god [has?] [a] zealot-name, [the] god is [a] zealot or for lord the god [has] [the] name "zealot", the god is [a] zealot.' – LXXRahlfs ABP
noli adorare deum alienum. Dominus zelotes nomen ejus; Deus est aemulator., 'Do not adore alien/foreign/strange gods. Lord zealot [is] his name; God is (an) emulator/rival.' – VgColunga&Turrado
servabitis, et ambulabitis, '[you] shall serve, and [you] shall walk' – VgColunga&Turrado.
The verb servāre is the root of the word service; the verb ambulāre is the root of the word ambulance.
Leviticus 18:5
אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָ֛ם הָאָדָ֖ם וָחַ֣י בָּהֶ֑ם, ’ă-šer ya-‘ă-śeh ’ō-ṯām hā-’ā-ḏām wā-ḥay bā-hem, '(because) if a man does [them,] (then/and/that) he shall live by them.' – WLC
אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָ֛ם הָאָדָ֖ם וחיה בָּהֶ֑ם, ’ă-šer ya-‘ă-śeh ’ō-ṯām hā-’ā-ḏām wā-ḥā-yāh bā-hem, '(because) if a man does [them,] (then/and/that) she shall live by them.' – SP
Compare Exodus 1:16 (last verb). It is unclear whether the verb(s) used for "to live" is/are H2421 חָיָה chayah or H2421 חָיַי chayay.
ἃ ποιήσας ἄνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς·, 'by which [a] man doing shall live by them;' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs
ἃ ποιήσας αυτά άνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς·, 'by which [a] man doing them shall live by them;' – Brenton ABP
qui ea fecerit, 'who shall have done them' – OLW
quae faciet homo, uiuet in eis:, 'which [a] man shall do, shall live by them.' – OLL
quae faciens homo, vivet in eis., 'which [a] man doing, shall live by them.' – VgColunga&Turrado
אִמְּךָ֣ היא, ’im-mə-ḵā hi, 'she [is] your mother' – SP
μήτηρ γάρ σού ἐστιν(,), 'for/because she is your mother(,)' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP
confusione enim., 'truly in confusion.' – OLL
mater tua est:, 'your mother is: or [she] is your mother:' – VgColunga&Turrado
Leviticus 18:7
καὶ οὐκ ἀποκαλύψεις τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην αὐτῆς., 'and you shall not uncover the nakedness of her.' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton
την ασχημοσύνην αυτής ουκ αποκαλύψεις, 'the nakedness of her you shall not uncover' – ABP
omitted – OLL
Leviticus 18:8
Confusionem mulieris patris tui non denudabis, confusionem patris tui et., '[The] confusion of your father's woman/wife you shall not denude: and is your father's confusion.' – OLL
Turpitudinem uxoris patris tui non discooperies: turpitudo enim patris tui est., '[The] shame of your father's wife you shall not uncover: for it is your father's shame.' – VgColunga&Turrado
Leviticus 18:9
עֶרְוַ֨ת אֲחֹֽותְךָ֤ בַת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ אֹ֣ו בַת־אִמֶּ֔ךָ, ‘er-waṯ ’ă-ḥō-wṯ-ḵā ḇaṯ- ’ā-ḇî-ḵā ’ōw ḇaṯ- ’im-me-ḵā,, 'The nakedness of your sister (the) daughter of your father or (the) daughter of your mother' – WLC
ἀσχημοσύνην τῆς ἀδελφῆς σου ἐκ πατρός σου ἢ ἐκ μητρός σου, 'The nakedness of your sister out of your father or out of your mother' – LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP
ἀσχημοσύνην τῆς ἀδελφῆς σου ἐκ πατρός σου ἢ μητρός σου, 'The nakedness of your sister out of your father or (of) your mother' – LXXSwete
Turpitudinem sororis tuae en matre tua et ex patre tuo, '[The] shame of your sister in your mother and out of your father' – OLW
Confusionem sororis tuae uel ex patre uel ex matre, '[The] confusion of your sister either out of [your] father or out of [your] mother' – OLL
Turpitudinem sororis tuae ex patre sive ex matre,, '[The] shame of your sister out of [your] father or out of [your] mother,' – VgColunga&Turrado
Leviticus 18:9
η γεγεννημένης, 'or born' – LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP
γεγεννημένης ἢ, 'born or' – LXXSwete
intus natae aut natae foris,, 'at home born or born outdoors,' – OLL
quae domi vel foris genita est,, 'who is born at home or outdoors,' – VgColunga&Turrado
Leviticus 18:9
quoniam tua confusione filiae uxoris patris tui non denudabis confusionem eius, 'because by/through your confusion of [the] daughter of your father's wife [you] shall not uncover his confusion' – OLL
omitted – all other witnesses
Leviticus 18:10
Turpitudinem filiae filii tui vel neptis ex filia non revelabis: quia turpitudo tua est., '[You] shall not reveal [the] shame of your son's daughter or daughter's daughter: for [it] is your shame.' – VgColunga&Turrado
וּמִֽזַּרְעֲךָ֥ לֹא־תִתֵּ֖ן לְהַעֲבִ֣יר לַמֹּ֑לֶךְ, ū-miz-zar-‘ă-ḵā lō- ṯit-tên lam-mō-leḵ, 'And [you] shall not let any of your descendents pass through [the fire, i.e. to sacrifice] to Moloch' – WLC
καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ σπέρματός σου οὐ δώσεις λατρεύειν ἄρχοντι, 'And of your sperm/semen/offspring/descendants [you] shall not give to serve [an] archon' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP
Et semini tuo non dabis seruire superposito,, 'And your seed you shall not give to serve placed on top,' – OLL
De semine tuo non dabis ut consecretur idolo Moloch,, 'Of your semen/offspring [you] shall not give [any] to consecrate to [an] idol of Moloch,' – VgColunga&Turrado
וְאֶ֨ת־זָכָ֔ר לֹ֥א תִשְׁכַּ֖ב מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֑ה תֹּועֵבָ֖ה הִֽוא׃, wə-’eṯ-zā-ḵār, lō’ ṯīš-kaḇ mīš-kə-ḇē ’īš-šā; tō-‘ē-ḇā hī’, 'And with a male, you shall not lie (down) on the beds of a woman/wife; he/it is an abomination.' – WLC
ࠅࠣࠀࠕ ࠆࠟࠊࠠࠓ ࠋࠞࠀ ࠕࠩࠔࠬࠊࠠࠁ ࠌࠡࠔࠬࠊࠠࠁࠩࠉ ࠀࠩࠔ࠙ࠢࠄ ࠕࠧࠅ࠙ࠜࠏࠁࠢࠄ ࠄࠩࠉࠀ, wa’t zā̊ː-kār lā̊ː’ tīš-kā̊b māːš-kå-bī ’īš-ša; tū-‘ē-bā’ ī’, 'And with a male, you shall not lie (down) on the beds of a woman/wife; she/it is an abomination.' – SP
καὶ μετὰ ἄρσενος οὐ κοιμηθήσῃ κοίτην γυναικός· βδέλυγμα γάρ ἐστιν., 'And with a man you shall not sleep in a (marriage-)bed of a woman/wife; because it is a detestable thing.' LXXSwete
και μετά άρσενος ου κοιμηθήση κοίτην γυναικείαν βδέλυγμα γαρ εστι, 'And with a man you shall not sleep in a female (marriage-)bed, because it is a detestable thing.' ABP
Et cum masculo non dormibis cubile muliebrae: exsecratio enim est., 'And with [a] male you shall not sleep in [the/a] bed of [a] woman: for [it] is [a] curse.' – OLL
The word muliebrae is an incorrect declension of muliebris; genitive singular (muliebris, "of a woman", "of womanly") was likely the intended form, compare fēminīnae ("of a woman(ly)", "of feminine").
Cum mare ne concumbas eo concubitu quo cum foemina solet: abominada res est., 'With [a] man [you] should not share the bed as is custom in [the] manner of sleeping as with [a] woman: [it] is [an] abominable thing.' – Robert Estienne (1545)
Cum masculo non commiscearis coitu femineo, quia abominatio est., 'With [a] male [you] shall not intermingle according to [the] feminine intercourse, because it is [an] abomination.' – VgClement VgColunga&Turrado
Compare Leviticus 20:13; Genesis 49:4.
Leviticus 18:23
לֹא־תִתֵּ֥ן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ֖, lō- ṯit-tên šə-ḵā-ḇə-tə-ḵā, '[you] shall not give lying/bedding(/copulation/intercourse)' – WLC
ου δώσεις τὴν κοίτην σου, '[you] shall not give the marriage-bed of yours' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton
ου δώσεις κοίτην σου, '[you] shall not give your marriage-bed' – ABP
non dabis cubilem tuum, '[you] shall not give your bed' – OLL
non coibis, '[you] shall not come together' – VgColunga&Turrado
וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁכַּ֤ב אֶת־זָכָר֙ מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֔ה תֹּועֵבָ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם מֹ֥ות יוּמָ֖תוּ דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם בָּֽם׃, wə-’îš, ’ă-šer yiš-kaḇ ’eṯ-zā-ḵār miš-kə-ḇê ’iš-šāh, tō-w-‘ê-ḇāh ‘ā-śū šə-nê-hem; mō-wṯ yū-mā-ṯū də-mê-hem bām., 'And a man, who sleeps with a male on the beds of a woman/wife, [they] have both done a detestable thing; [they] will be killed to die, [their] blood(guilt)s [are] on them.' – WLC
ואיש אשר ישכב את־זכר משכבי אשה תועבה עשו מות יומתו שניהם דמיהם בם׃, wə-’îš, ’ă-šer yiš-kaḇ ’eṯ-zā-ḵār miš-kə-ḇê ’iš-šāh, tō-w-‘ê-ḇāh ‘ā-śū; mō-wṯ yū-mā-ṯū šə-nê-hem də-mê-hem bām., 'And a man, who sleeps with a male on the beds of a woman/wife, [they] have done a detestable thing; both will be killed to die, [their] blood(guilt)s [are] on them.' – SP
καὶ ὃς ἂν κοιμηθῇ μετὰ ἄρσενος κοίτην γυναικός, βδέλυγμα ἐποίησαν ἀμφότεροι· θανατούσθωσαν, ἔνοχοί εἰσιν., 'And who ever slept with [a] male in the (marriage-)bed of a woman/wife, both have done a detestable thing; let [them] be put to death, they are liable/guilty.' – LXXSwete
καὶ ὃς ἂν κοιμηθῇ μετὰ ἄρσενος κοίτην γυναικός, βδέλυγμα ἐποίησαν ἀμφότεροι· θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν, ἔνοχοί εἰσιν., 'And whoever shall lie with a male as with a woman/wife, they have both wrought abomination; let them die the death, they are guilty.' – Brenton
και ος αν κοιμηθή μετά άρσενος κοίτην γυναικός, βδέλυγμα εποίησαν αμφότεροι θανάτω θανατούσθωσαν ένοχοί εισιν., 'And who ever slept with [a] male in the (marriage-)bed of a woman/wife, both have done a detestable thing; let [them] be killed to death, or [they] have done a detestable thing; let both be killed to death, they are liable/guilty.' – ABP
Qui dormierit cum masculo coitu femineo, uterque operatus est nefas: morte moriantur: sit sanguis eorum super eos., 'Whoever sleeps with a male according to the feminine intercourse, both have done a wrong: let them die the death: may their blood be upon them.' – VgClement VgColunga&Turrado
בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ות מֹואָ֔ב, bə-‘ar-ḇō-wṯ mō-w-’āḇ,, 'in the plains of Moab' – WLC
בערבת מואב, bə-‘ar-wṯ mō-w-’āḇ,, 'in the evening/west of Moab' – SP
ἐπὶ δυσμῶν Μωὰβ, 'on the west of Moab / upon the descent/sunset of Moab' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP
The words עֲרָבָה arabah/'aravá ("steppe", "desert", "plain"), עֶרֶב érev ("evening", "sunset") and מַעֲרָב ma'aráv ("west") are all etymologically related to each other, and maybe also cognates of words such as "Europe" (see Europe § Name) and "Arab" (see Etymology of Arab). See also Numbers 31:12.
עַֽרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב, ‘ar-ḇōṯ mō-w-’āḇ,, 'the plains/desert/wilderness of Moab' – WLC
Ἀραβὼθ Μωάβ,, 'Araboth Moab,' – LXXSwete Brenton
αραβώθ Μωάβ, '[the] wilderness of Moab' – ABP
It is unclear whether the Hebrew original meant a general geographical feature ('plains/desert/wilderness') or a specific toponym (probably the region now known as "Arabah"), or whether Greek translators failed to translate מוֹאָ֔ב ‘ar-ḇōṯ as a general geographical feature and turned it into a specific toponym, and hence the Arabah region got its name from this toponymisation. See also Numbers 22:1.
Numbers 31:15
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֹשֶׁ֑ה הַֽחִיִּיתֶ֖ם כָּל־נְקֵבָֽה׃, way-yō-mer ’ă-lê-hem mō-šeh; ha-ḥî-yî-ṯem kāl-nə-qê-ḇāh., 'And Moses said to them: 'Have you kept alive all the women?' – MT
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֹשֶׁ֑ה למה הַֽחִיִּיתֶ֖ם כָּל־נְקֵבָֽה׃, way-yō-mer ’ă-lê-hem mō-šeh; lá-ma ha-ḥî-yî-ṯem kāl-nə-qê-ḇāh., 'And Moses said to them: 'Why have you kept alive all the women?' – SP
καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Μωυσῆς Ἵνα τί ἐζωγρήσατε πᾶν θῆλυ;, 'And Moses said to them: 'Why did you take/catch/save alive every female?' – LXXSwete
καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Μωυσῆς ινατί ἐζωγρήσατε πᾶν θῆλυ, 'And Moses said to them: 'Why did you take/catch/save alive every female?' – ABP Brenton
Numbers 31:16
לִמְסָר־מַ֥עַל בַּיהוָ֖ה, lim·sār-ma·‘al Yah·weh, 'to trespass / to instigate sacrilege against Yahweh' – MT
τοῦ ἀποστῆσαι καὶ ὑπεριδεῖν τὸ ῥῆμα Κυρίου, 'of their leaving / moving away from and disgarding the word of the Lord' – LXXSwete ABP Brenton. ἀποστῆσαι is a cognate of the English word "apostasy".
עַל־דְּבַר־פְּעֹ֑ור, ‘al-də-ḇar-pə-‘ō-wr;, 'in the incident of Peor' – MT
ἕνεκεν Φογώρ, 'because of Phogor' – LXXSwete ABP Brenton
Numbers 31:17
וְעַתָּ֕ה הִרְג֥וּ כָל־זָכָ֖ר בַּטָּ֑ף, wə-‘at-tāh hir-ḡū ḵāl zā-ḵār baṭ-ṭāp̄;, 'Therefore, kill every male among the little ones / infants / (little) children' – MT
καὶ νῦν ἀποκτείνατε πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν ἐν πάσῃ τῇ ἀπαρτίᾳ, 'And now kill every male among all the spoils/captivity/chattel' – LXXSwete ABP Brenton
Numbers 31:17
וְכָל־אִשָּׁ֗ה יֹדַ֥עַת אִ֛ישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּ֥ב זָכָ֖ר הֲרֹֽגוּ׃, wə-ḵāl ’iš-šāh, yō-ḏa-‘aṯ ’îš lə-miš-kaḇ zā-ḵār hă-rō-ḡū., 'and every woman, who has known a man in a male bed / by lying with him, kill.' – MT
καὶ πᾶσαν γυναῖκα ἥτις ἔγνωκεν κοίτην ἄρσενος ἀποκτείνατε·, 'And every woman who knew [the] marriage-bed of a man, kill!' – LXXSwete ABP
πᾶσαν γυναῖκα, ἥτις ἔγνωκεν κοίτην ἄρσενος, ἀποκτείνατε., 'slay every woman, who has known the lying with man.' – Brenton
Compare Judges 21:11.
Numbers 31:18
וְכֹל֙ הַטַּ֣ף בַּנָּשִׁ֔ים, wə-ḵōl haṭ-ṭap̄ ban-nā-šîm,, '[But] all the young women / women-children / girls,' – WLC
πᾶσαν τὴν ἀπαρτίαν τῶν γυναικῶν, 'All the spoils/captivity/chattel of the women' – LXXSwete
Καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀπαρτίαν τῶν γυναικῶν,, 'And [as for] all the captivity of women' – Brenton
και πάσαν την απαρτίαν των γυναικών, 'And all the chattel of the women' – ABP
Numbers 31:18
אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָדְע֖וּ מִשְׁכַּ֣ב זָכָ֑ר, ’ă-šer lō-yā-ḏə-‘ū miš-kaḇ zā-ḵār;, 'who have not known a male bed / a man intimately / a man by lying with him,' – WLC
ἥτις οὐκ οἶδεν κοίτην ἄρσενος,, 'who have not known a/the male bed,'– LXXSwete
ἥτις οὐκ οἶδε κοίτην ἄρσενος,, 'who have not known the lying with man, / [the] marriage-bed of a man,' – Brenton ABP
Numbers 31:18
הַחֲי֖וּ לָכֶֽם׃, ha-ḥă-yū lā-ḵem., 'spare/save them / keep them alive for yourselves.' – WLC
ζωγρήσατε αὐτάς., 'save ye them alive / take/capture them alive / for life!'– LXXSwete Brenton ABP
גד ולחצי שבט המנשה, ḡāḏ wə-la-ḥă-ṣî šê-ḇeṭ mə-naš-šeh, 'Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh' – [4QNumb] SP
Γαδ, 'Gad' – LXXSwete ABP Brenton
Compare Numbers 32:33
Numbers 32:2
בְנֵֽי־גָ֖ד וּבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֑ן, ḇə-nê-ḡāḏ ū-ḇə-nê rə-’ū-ḇên;, 'the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben' – MT
בני גד ובני ראובן וחצי שבט המנשה, ḇə-nê-ḡāḏ ū-ḇə-nê rə-’ū-ḇên wə-ḥă-ṣî šê-ḇeṭ mə-naš-šeh;, 'the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben and the half tribe of Manasseh' – SP
οἱ υἱοὶ Ρουβην καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Γαδ, 'the sons of Rouben and the sons of Gad' – LXXSwete ABP Brenton
לִבְנֵי־גָ֖ד וְלִבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֑ן, liḇ-nê-ḡāḏ wə-liḇ-nê rə-’ū-ḇên;, 'to the sons of Gad and (to) the sons of Reuben' – MT
לבני ראובן ולבני גד ולחצי שבט המנשה, liḇ-nê-rə-’ū-ḇên wə-liḇ-nê ḡāḏ wə-la-ḥă-ṣî šê-ḇeṭ mə-naš-šeh;, 'to the sons of Reuben and (to) the sons of Gad and (to) the half tribe of Manasseh' – [4QNumb] SP
τοῖς υἱοῖς Γαδ καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Ρουβην, 'to the sons of Gad and (to) the sons of Rouben' – LXXSwete ABP Brenton
בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔֗יִם, bə-’e-reṣ miṣ-ra-yim,, 'in the land of Egypt,' – WLC
ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ,, 'in [the] land of Egypt,' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP
in Ægypto,, 'in Egypt,' – VgColunga&Turrado
Compare Exodus 20:11 (an entirely different sentence in all witnesses, which supports Sabbath observance by reference to the Genesis creation narrative rather than the Exodus).
וּלְמַ֙עַן֙ יִ֣יטַב לָ֔ךְ, ū-lə-ma-‘an yî-ṭaḇ lāḵ, 'that it may be [singular] well with you' – WLC
ίνα ευ σοι γένηται, 'in order that good [things] should happen [plural] to you' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP (mentioned before καὶ ἵνα μακροχρόνιοι ἦτε / καὶ ἵνα μακροχρόνιοι ἦτε)
et bene sit tibi, 'and [it] may be [singular] well with/for you' – VgColunga&Turrado
Compare Exodus 20:12 (where this phrase is omitted in Hebrew and Latin witnesses, but identical in Greek witnesses).
לֹ֥֖א תִּֿרְצָֽח׃ ס וְלֹ֖֣א תִּֿנְאָֽ֑ף׃ סוְלֹ֖֣א תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃ ס, lō trə-ṣāḥ. s wə-lō tnə-’āp̄. s wə-lō tḡə-nōḇ. s, '[You] shall not murder. And [you] shall not commit adultery. And [you] shall not steal.' – WLC
Οὐ μοιχεύσεις. Οὐ φονεύσεις. Οὐ κλέψεις., '[You] shall not commit adultery. [You] shall not murder. [You] shall not steal.' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs
Οὐ φονεύσεις. Οὐ μοιχεύσεις. Οὐ κλέψεις., '[You] shall not murder. [You] shall not commit adultery. [You] shall not steal.' – Brenton ABP
Non occides, neque moechaberis, furtumque non facies:, '[You] shall not kill/slay, nor shall [you] commit adultery, and theft [you] shall not commit:' – VgColunga&Turrado
הַֽנַּעֲרָה֙, han-na-‘ar-rāh, 'a girl/damsel or a young woman' – Q SP
την παίδα, 'a child/boy/girl' – LXXSwete ABP Brenton
Deuteronomy 22:25
וּמֵ֗ת הָאִ֛ישׁ, ū-mêṯ hā-’îš, 'then the man shall die' – MT
αποκτενείτε τον άνθρωπον, 'you shall kill the man' – ABP
ἀποκτενεῖτε, 'you shall kill' – LXXSwete Brenton
Deuteronomy 22:26
־[ולנער] (וְלַֽנַּעֲרָה֙) לֹא־תַעֲשֶׂ֣ה דָבָ֔ר, [wə·lan·na·‘ar] (wə·lan·na·‘ă·rāh) lō- ṯa-‘ă-śeh ḏā-ḇār,, '(But [to] the young woman) you shall not do anything;' – WLC
τη δε νεάνιδι ου ποιήσετε ουδέν, 'but to the young woman you shall not do anything,' – ABP
omitted – LXXSwete Brenton
Deuteronomy 22:26
אֵ֥ין [לַנַּעַר כ] (לַֽנַּעֲרָ֖ה ק) חֵ֣טְא מָ֑וֶת כִּ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ כִּ֡י, ’ên [lan·na·‘ar] (lan·na·‘ă·rāh) ḥêṭ mā·weṯ; kî, '[there is] not [to] (the young woman) a sin [worthy] of death. For' – WLC
ουκ έστι τη νεάνιδι αμάρτημα θανάτου. ότι ως, 'there is not to the young woman a sin [worthy] of death. For as' – ABP
καὶ τῇ νεάνιδι οὐκ ἔστιν ἁμάρτημα θανάτου. ὡς, 'and to the young woman there is no sin [worthy] of death. As' – LXXSwete Brenton
According to the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) of Judges 1:18, "Also Judah took Gaza with the coast thereof, and Askelon with the coast thereof, and Ekron with the coast thereof." (King James Version). However, the Greek Septuagint (LXX) renders Judges 1:18 as: "But Judas did not inherit Gaza nor her coasts, nor Ascalon nor her coasts, nor Accaron nor her coasts, nor Azotus nor the lands around it.' (Brenton's Septuagint Translation).
This contradiction has puzzled scholars, as not only does the Greek text add Ashdod (Azotus) to the list of cities, but it specifically denies that the Judahites conquered (literally "inherited") these cities, while the Hebrew text asserts that they did. Although English Bible translations have generally followed the Masoretic Text in saying the Judahites took the three cities, some scholars claim that the Greek version should be regarded as superior if the inhabitants of these four coastal cities are to be equated with "the people of the plains" in the next verse, who repelled the Judahites thanks to their iron chariots. The Septuagint may therefore 'correct' the Hebrew text, as other textual evidence also seems to indicate the towns did not fall to the Israelites until much later. Charles Ellicott noted that Josephus had a different solution, claiming in Antiquities of the Jews (volume 2, paragraph 4) that 'Askelon and Ashdod were taken in the war, but that Gaza and Ekron escaped, because their situation in the plains enabled them to use their chariots; yet in 3, § 1, he says that the Canaanites re-conquered Askelon and Ekron.'
Judges 15
Judges 15:5
וַיַּבְעֶר־אֵשׁ֙ בַּלַּפִּידִ֔ים, way-yaḇ-‘er-’êš bal-lap-pî-ḏîm,, 'And [when he] had burnt fire on the torches / set the torches on fire' – WLC
καὶ ἐξέκαυσεν πῦρ ἐν ταῖς λαμπάσιν, 'and he inflamed/kindled fire in the torches/lamps' – LXXSwete APB
Judges 18
Judges 18:7
מִצִּ֣דֹנִ֔ים וְדָבָ֥ר אֵין־ לָהֶ֖ם עִם־ אָדָֽם׃, miṣ·ṣi·ḏō·nîm, wə·ḏā·ḇār ’ên-lā·hem ‘im-’ā·ḏām., 'from the Sidonians, and [there were] no ties/dealings/word with anyone / any man.' – WLC
Σιδωνίων, καὶ λόγον οὐκ ἔχουσιν πρὸς ἄνθρωπον., 'of the Sidonians, and no word was had/held to anyone / any man' – B LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton (ἔχουσι)
Σιδωνιων και..., 'from the Sidonians and had no relationship with the Arameans' – LXXmss
από Σιδώνος και λόγος ουκ ην αυτοίς μετά Συρίας, '[away] from Sidon, and there was no word to them with Syria' – A APB
et procul a Sidone atque a cunctis hominibus separatum., 'and far away from Sidon and separated from all men/people.' VgColunga&Turrado
וִ֠יהֹונָתָן בֶּן־ גֵּרְשֹׁ֨ם בֶּן־ מְשֶּׁ֜ה, wî-hō-w-nā-ṯān ben-gê-rə-šōm ben-mō-šeh, 'and Jonathan the son of Gershom the son of Moses' – 'many Hebrew manuscripts, some Septuagint manuscripts and Vulgate'.
וִ֠יהֹונָתָן בֶּן־ גֵּרְשֹׁ֨ם בֶּן־ מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה, wî-hō-w-nā-ṯān ben-gê-rə-šōm ben-mə-naš-šeh, 'and Jonathan the son of Gershom the son of Manasseh' – 'many other Hebrew manuscripts and some other Septuagint manuscripts'
καὶ Ἰωναθὰμ υἱὸς Γηρσὸμ υἱὸς Μανασσή, 'and Jonatham, son Gersom, son Manasse' – LXXSwete
και Ιωνάθαν υιός Γηρσών υιόυ Μανασσή, 'and Jonathan, son of the Gersoms of the son Manasse' – APB
"Moses" (משה) is thought to be the original reading, which was later changed to "Manasseh" in some manuscripts (but not all) by adding a nun in superscript (מנשה), in order 'to avoid saying that the grandson of Moses became a priest of false gods'.
וַתִּזְנֶ֤ה עָלָיו֙ פִּֽילַגְשֹׁ֔ו wat-tiz-neh ‘ā-lāw pî-laḡ-šōw, (But his concubine was unfaithful to him, or But his concubine played the harlot against him, or But his concubine was angry at him,) – WLC
It is disputed whether the first word is derived from זנה zaná (H2181 "to commit fornication/adultery/harlotry, to be a harlot, to play the harlot, to prostitute"), or זנח zanákh (H2186 "to reject, spurn, be angry with/at, cast away (off), remove far away (off), desert"). Traditionally, translators and interpreters have followed the former verb, but some modern scholars prefer the latter verb because this meaning aligns much better with the Greek texts.
καὶ ἐπορεύθη ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἡ παλλακὴ αὐτοῦ (And his concubine departed from him) – LXXSwete Brenton
και ωργίσθη αυτώ η παλλακή αυτού (And his concubine provoked him to anger) – ABP
quæ reliquit eum, 'who left him' – VgClement VgColunga&Turrado
וְנַעֲרֹ֥ו עִמֹּ֖ו וְצֶ֣מֶד חֲמֹרִ֑ים wə-na-‘ă-rōw ‘im-mōw wə-ṣe-meḏ ḥă-mō-rîm; (and [having his] young man/boy/servant with [him] and a pair of donkeys) – WLC
καὶ νεανίας αὐτοῦ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ καὶ ζεῦγος ὄνων. (And his young man [was] with him and a pair of donkeys or and he had his young man with him, and a pair of asses) – LXXSwete Brenton
και το παιδάριον αυτού μετ᾽ αυτού καὶ ζεύγος υποζυγίων. (And his little boy [was] with him and a pair of beasts of burden) – ABP
habens in comitatu puerum et duos asinos:, 'having a boy and two donkeys in his company:' – VgClement VgColunga&Turrado
καὶ ἥδε εἰσήνεγκεν αὐτὸν εἰς οἶκον (and she brought him into the house) – LXXSwete Brenton. εἰσήνεγκεν = εἰς ("into" or "to(wards)") + φέρω ("to bring") aorist third person singular
και επορεύθη έως οίκου (and he went/travelled unto/until the house) – ABP
quæ suscepit eum, et introduxit in domum patris sui, 'who received him, and introduced [him] into her father's house' – VgClement VgColunga&Turrado
אֹוצִֽיאָה־נָּ֤א אֹותָם֙ וְעַנּ֣וּ אֹותָ֔ם ’ō-w-ṣî-’āh- nā wə-‘an-nū ’ō-w-ṯām, (Let me bring them out now, and you rape/force [sexually]/defile/violate/ravish/mistreat/humble/humiliate them) – WLC
ἐξάξω αὐτάς, καὶ ταπεινώσατε αὐτὰς (And I will bring them out, and you humble/humiliate them,) – LXXSwete Brenton ABP
educam eas ad vos, ut humilietis eas, 'I will lead them out to you, so that you humiliate them' – VgClement VgColunga&Turrado
וְלָאִ֤ישׁ הַזֶּה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ דְּבַ֖ר הַנְּבָלָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ wə-lā-’îš haz-zeh lō ṯa-‘ă-śū, də-ḇar han-nə-ḇā-lāh haz-zōṯ. (but unto this man do not so vile a thing (KJV) or but to this man do not commit this rape/folly/villainy/foolishness or vile/disgraceful act/thing/outrage) WLC
καὶ τῷ ἀνδρὶ τούτῳ οὐ ποιήσετε τὸ ῥῆμα τῆς ἀφροσύνης ταύτης. (but to this man you do not do this folly) – LXXSwete
και τω ανδρί τούτω μη ποιήσητε το ρήμα της αφροσύνης ταύτης. (but to this man you should not do the thing of this folly or but to this man do not this folly) – Brenton ABP
ne scelus hoc contra naturam operemini in virum., 'do not work this crime against nature on a man.' – VgClement VgColunga&Turrado
וַיֵּדְע֣וּ אֹ֠ותָהּ וַיִּֽתְעַלְּלוּ־בָ֤הּ כָּל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר way-yê-ḏə-‘ū ’ō-w-ṯāh way-yiṯ-‘al-lə-lū- ḇāh kāl- hal-lay-lāh ‘aḏ- hab-bō-qer, (And they knew / had sexual relations with / raped her, and they mocked//abused/dealt severely with her the entire night until morning) – WLC
καὶ ἔγνωσαν αὐτήν, καὶ ἐνέπαιζον ἐν αὐτῇ ὅλην τὴν νύκτα ἕως πρωί (And they knew / had sex with / raped her, and they mocked/ridiculed/abused her the entire night until morning) – LXXSwete
καὶ ἔγνωσαν αὐτήν, καὶ ἐνέπαιζον ἐν αὐτῇ ὅλην τὴν νύκτα ἕως τοπρωί (And they knew / had sex with / raped her, and they mocked/ridiculed/abused her the entire night until the morning) – Brenton
και έγνωσαν αυτήν και ενέπαιξαν αυτή όλην την νύκτα έως τοπρωϊ (And they knew / had sex with / raped her and mocked/ridiculed/abused her the entire night until the morning) – ABP
qua cum tota nocte abusi essent,, 'and when she had been abused all night,' – VgClement VgColunga&Turrado
וְאֶת־פִּילַגְשִׁ֥י עִנּ֖וּ וַתָּמֹֽת׃, wə-’eṯ- pî-laḡ-šî ‘in-nū wat-tā-mōṯ., 'and / but instead they raped/[sexually] forced/defiled/violated/ravished/mistreated/humbled/humiliated my concubine, and she died' – WLC
καὶ τὴν παλλακήν μου ἐταπείνωσαν, καὶ ἀπέθανεν., 'and they humiliated my concubine, and she died.' – LXXSwete
καὶ τὴν παλλακήν μου ἐταπείνωσαν, καὶ ἀπέθανε., 'and they humiliated my concubine, and she died.' – Brenton
και την παλλακήν μου εταπείνωσαν και ενέπαιξαν αυτή και απέθανεν., 'and they humiliated my concubine, and they mocked/ridiculed/abused her, and she died.' – ABP
et uxorem meam incredibili furore libidinis vexantes, denique mortua est., 'and tormenting my wife with an incredible fury of lust, she (has) finally died.' – VgClement VgColunga&Turrado
כָּל־זָכָ֗ר וְכָל־אִשָּׁ֛ה יֹדַ֥עַת מִשְׁכַּב־זָכָ֖ר תַּחֲרִֽימוּ׃, kāl- zā-ḵār, wə-ḵāl ’iš-šāh yō-ḏa-‘aṯ miš-kaḇ- zā-ḵār ta-ḥă-rî-mū., 'any male and any woman who has known the bed of a male you shall destroy/devote.' – WLC
πᾶν ἄρσεν καὶ πᾶσαν γυναῖκα εἰδυῖαν κοίτην ἄρσενος ἀναθεματιεῖτε,, 'Every male and every female having known the marriage-bed of a man you shall devote [to destruction],' – LXXSwete Brenton
παν αρσενικόν και πάσαν γυναίκα γινώσκουσαν κοίτην άρσενος αναθεματιείτε, 'Every male and every woman knowning the marriage-bed of a man you shall devote to consumption.' – ABP
omne generis masculini, et mulieres quae cognoverunt viros, interficite;, 'every kind of male, and women who have known men, kill;' – VgColunga&Turrado
נַעֲרָ֣ה בְתוּלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יָדְעָ֛ה אִ֖ישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּ֣ב זָכָ֑ר, na-‘ă-rāh ḇə-ṯū-lāh, ’ă-šer lō- yā-ḏə-‘āh ’îš lə-miš-kaḇ zā-ḵār;, 'virgin young woman, who has not known a man on/in the bed of a male;' – WLC
νεάνιδας παρθένους, αἵτινες οὐκ ἔγνωσαν ἄνδρα εἰς κοίτην ἄρσενος,, 'virgin young women, whoever knew not a man, into the marriage-bed of a male.' – LXXSwete Brenton
νεάνιδας παρθένους αι οὐκ έγνωσαν άνδρα εις κοίτην άρσενος, 'virgin young women, the ones [that] knew not a man, in the marriage-bed of a male.' – ABP
virgines, quae nescierunt viri thorum:, 'virgins, who did not know the marriage-bed of a man:' – VgColunga&Turrado
הַנָּשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר חִיּ֔וּ מִנְּשֵׁ֖י יָבֵ֣שׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד, han-nā-šîm, ’ă-šer ḥî-yū, min-nə-šê yā-ḇêš gil-‘āḏ;, 'the women, whom they had kept/saved alive, from the women of Jabesh Gilead;' – WLC
τὰς γυναῖκας ἃς ἐζωοποίησαν ἀπὸ τῶν θυγατέρων Ἰαβεὶς Γαλαάδ·, 'the women whom they saved alive from the daughters of Jabeis Galaad' – LXXSwete
τὰς γυναῖκας ἃς ἐζωοποίησαν ἀπὸ τῶν θυγατέρων Ἰαβὶς Γαλαάδ·, 'the women whom they [had] saved alive of the daughters of Jabis Galaad' – Brenton
τας γυναίκας αίτινες ήσαν εκ των γυναικών Ιαβίς Γαλαάδ, 'the women whomever were of the women of Jabis Galaad' – ABP
uxores de filiabus Jabes Galaad:, '(the) wives of/from (the) daughters of Jabes Galaad:' – VgColunga&Turrado
וְלֹֽא־מָצְא֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם כֵּֽן׃, wə-lō- mā-ṣə-’ū lā-hem kên., 'but [they] had not found enough for them.' – WLC
καὶ ἤρεσεν αὐτοῖς οὕτως., 'and it pleased them thus' – LXXSwete Brenton ABP
καὶ ἤρεσεν αὐτοῖς οὕτω., 'and they were content' – Brenton
alias autem non repererunt, quas simili modo traderent., 'but [they] did not find others, whom [they] would deliver in (a) similar manner.' – VgColunga&Turrado
חָנּ֣וּנוּ אֹותָ֔ם כִּ֣י לֹ֥א לָקַ֛חְנוּ אִ֥ישׁ אִשְׁתֹּ֖ו בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה, ḥān-nū-nū ’ō-w-ṯām, kî lō lā-qaḥ-nū ’îš ’iš-tōw bam-mil-ḥā-māh;, 'Be kind to them, because we did not take a woman/wife for [each] man in the war' – WLC
Ἔλεος ποιήσατε ἡμῖν αὐτάς, ὅτι οὐκ ἐλάβομεν ἀνὴρ γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ παρατάξει, 'Grant them to us out of mercy, for we have not taken every man a woman/wife for himself in the lines of battle' – LXXSwete Brenton
ελεήσατε αυτούς ότι ουκ έλαβεν ανήρ εαυτώ γυναίκα εν τω πολέμω, 'Show mercy on them! For a man did not take a woman/wife to himself in the war' – ABP
Miseremini eorum: non enim rapuerunt eas jure bellantium atque victorum:, 'Have mercy on them: for [they] did not seize/abduct/rape them by (the) right of warriors and conquerors.' – VgColunga&Turrado
Judges 21:25
בְּעֵינָ֖יו, bə-‘ê-nāw, 'in [his] eyes' – WLC
ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ, 'in his face/view or in front of him' – LXXSwete Brenton
εν οφθαλμοίς αυτού, 'in his eyes' – ABP
sibi videbatur, 'it seemed to him' – VgColunga&Turrado
בְּגֵיא־מֶ֑לַח, bə-ḡê- me-laḥ, 'in the valley [of] salt' – WLC
ἐν Γεβέλεμ, 'in Gebelem' – LXXSwete Brenton ABP
ἐν Γαιμελε, 'in Gaimele' – LXXRahlfs
in valle Salinarum, 'in [the] valley of (the) Salts' – VgColunga&Turrado
2 Samuel 8:18
כֹּהֲנִ֥ים, kō-hă-nîm, 'priests' – WLC. This noun is the origin of the surname Cohen.
αὐλάρχαι, 'chiefs/rulers/princes of the palace/court' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP. This noun is a compound of αὐλή ("court(yard)" or "hall/chamber/house") and ἀρχή ("authority"), related to archon ("ruler" or "chief magistrate").
sacerdotes, 'priests' – VgColunga&Turrado. Origin of the modern term sacerdotalism.
בִּשְׁנַת֩ עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וָשֶׁ֜בַע שָׁנָ֗ה לְאָסָא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה מָלַ֥ךְ זִמְרִ֛י, 'in the year twenty and seven year of Asa king of Judah, Zimri reigned' – WLC
συνεστράφη Ζαμβρὶ καὶ ἔπαισε τὸν βασιλέα·, 'Zambrì conspired and struck the king;' – Brenton
συνεστράφη Ζαμβρί και έπαισε τον βασιλέα, 'Zambrí conspired and struck the king' – ABP
rebellasse Zambri, et occidisse regem,, '[that] Zambri had rebelled, and killed [the] king,' – VgColunga&Turrado
1 Kings 16:16
אֶת־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ, ’eṯ- ‘ā-mə-rî, 'Omri' – WLC
τὸν Ζαμβρεί, 'Zambrei' – LXXSwete
τὸν Αμβρι – LXXRahlfs
τὸν Ἀμβρὶ, 'Ambri' – Brenton
τον Αμβρί, 'Ambri' – ABP
Amri,, 'Amri,' – VgColunga&Turrado
1 Kings 16:16
צָבָ֧א, ṣā-ḇā, 'of the army or of the war' – WLC
τῆς στρατείας, 'of the campaign/expedition' – LXXSwete
τῆς στρατίας, 'of the army' – LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP
militiae, 'of the army or of the war/campaign' – VgColunga&Turrado
1 Kings 16:17
עָמְרִ֛י וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמֹּ֖ו מִֽגִּבְּתֹ֑ון, ‘ā-mə-rî wə-ḵāl yiś-rā-’êl ‘im-mōw mig-gib-bə-ṯō-wn, 'Omri and all Israel with him from Gibbethon' – WLC
Ζαμβρεὶ καὶ πᾶς Ἰσραὴλ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐν Γαβαθὼν, 'Zambreì and all Israel with him in Gabathòn' – LXXSwete
Αμβρι καὶ πᾶς Ισραηλ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ἐκ Γαβαθων, 'Ambri and all Israel with him out of Gabathon' – LXXRahlfs Brenton
Αμβρί εκ Γαβαθών και πας Ισραήλ μετ' αυτού, 'Ambrí out of Gabathón and all Israel with him' – ABP
Amri, et omnis Israel cum eo, de Gebbethon,, 'Amri, and all Israel with him, from Gebbethon' – VgColunga&Turrado
1 Kings 16:18
וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל־אַרְמֹ֣ון בֵּית־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׂרֹ֨ף עָלָ֧יו אֶת־בֵּֽית־מֶ֛לֶךְ בָּאֵ֖שׁ וַיָּמֹֽת׃, way-yā-ḇō ’el- ’ar-mō-wn bêṯ- ham-me-leḵ way-yiś-rōp̄ ‘ā-lāw ’eṯ- bêṯ- me-leḵ bā-’êš way-yā-mōṯ., 'and [he] went into the citadel of the house of the king and burnt [down] the house [of the] king upon himself with fire and died.' – WLC
ἐνεπύρισεν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν τὸν οἶκον τοῦ βασιλέως, καὶ ἀπέθανεν·, 'the king himself set fire to the house of the king, and died;' – LXXSwete
εἰσπορεύεται εἰς ἄντρον τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἐνεπύρισεν ἐπ’ αὐτὸν τὸν οἶκον τοῦ βασιλέως ἐν πυρὶ και απέθανεν, '[he] entered into [the] inner room of the house of the king and [he] set fire to the house of the king over himself with fire and died' – LXXRahlfs ABP
πορεύεται εἰς άντρον του οίκου του βασιλέως, και ενεπύρισεν επ' αυτόν τον οίκον του βασιλέως, και απέθανεν, '[he] went into [the] inner room of the house of the king, and [he] set fire to the house of the king over himself, and died' – Brenton
ingressus est palatium, et succendit se cum domo regia: et mortuus est, '[he] entered [the] palace, and burnt himself with [the] royal house: and [he] died' – VgColunga&Turrado
in peccatis suis, 'in his sins' – VgColunga&Turrado
1 Kings 16:19
אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה, ’ă-šer ‘ā-śāh, 'which [he] did or (had) done/committed' – WLC
αις εποίησεν, 'which [he] did/committed' – ABP
quo fecit, 'which [he] did' – VgColunga&Turrado
omitted – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton
1 Kings 16:20
וְקִשְׁרֹ֖ו אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָשָׁ֑ר, wə-qiš-rōw ’ă-šer qā-šār, 'and the conspiracy which [he] conspired' – WLC
καὶ τὰς συνάψεις αὐτοῦ ἃς συνῆψεν, 'and his associations [he] joined in' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP
et insidiarum ejus, et tyrannidis, 'and of his intrigues/plots, and tyranny' – VgColunga&Turrado
1 Kings 16:21
תִבְנִ֤י בֶן־גִּינַת֙, ṯiḇ-nî ḇen- gî-naṯ, 'Tibni son of Ginath' – WLC
Θαμνεὶ υἱοῦ Γωνὰθ, 'Thamneì son of Gōnàth' – LXXSwete
Θαμνι υἱοῦ Γωναθ, 'Thamni son of Gōnath' – LXXRahlfs
Θαμνὶ υἱοῦ Γωνὰθ, 'Thamnì son of Gōnàth' – Brenton
Θαβνί υιόυ Γινήθ, 'Thabní son of Ginḗth' – ABP
Thebni filium Gineth, 'Thebni son of Gineth' – VgColunga&Turrado
1 Kings 16:21
עָמְרִֽי׃, ‘ā-mə-rî., 'Omri.' – WLC
Ζαμβρεί., 'Zambrei.' – LXXSwete
Αμβρι., 'Ambri.' – LXXRahlfs
Ἀμβρί., 'Ambri.' – Brenton
Αμβρί., 'Ambri.' – ABP
Amri., 'Amri.' – VgColunga&Turrado
1 Kings 16:22
וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַחֲרֵ֣י עָמְרִ֔י אֶת־הָעָ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַחֲרֵ֖י תִּבְנִ֣י בֶן־גִּינַ֑ת, way-ye-ḥĕ-zaq hā-‘ām ’ă-šer ’a-ḥă-rê ‘ā-mə-rî, ’eṯ- hā-‘ām ’ă-šer ’a-ḥă-rê tiḇ-nî ḇen- gî-naṯ;, 'And/but the people who followed Omri prevailed against the people who followed Tibni son of Ginath' – WLC
καὶ ἡττήθη ὁ λαὸς ὁ ὢν ὀπίσω Θαμνεὶ υἱοῦ Γωνάθ·, 'And defeated was the people being after Thamneì son of Gōnàth:' – LXX.Swete ἡττάομαι is an Attic variation of the verb ἡσσάομαι ("to be less/weaker than, to be defeated")
Ὁ λαὸς ὁ ὢν ὀπίσω Ἀμβρί υπερεκράτησε τον λαόν τον οπίσω Θαμνὶ υἱοῦ Γωνὰθ·, 'The people being after Ambri prevailed over the people being after Thamnì son of Gōnàth' – LXXRahlfs Brenton
και ο λαός ο ων οπίσω Αμβρί υπερεκράτησε τον λαόν τον οπίσω Θαβνί υιόυ Γινήθ, 'And the people being after Ambri prevailed over the people being after Thabní son of Ginḗth' – ABP
Praevaluit autem populus qui erat cum Amri, populo qui sequebatur Thebni filium Gineth:, 'But the people who were with Amri prevailed, over the people who followed Thebni son of Gineth:' – VgColunga&Turrado
καὶ ἀπέθανεν Θαμνεὶ καὶ Ἰωρὰμ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ζαμβρεὶ μετὰ Θαμνεί., 'And Thamneì and Joram the brother of him died at that time, and Zambrei ruled after Thamneì.' – LXXSwete
καὶ ἀπέθανεν Θαμνι καὶ Ιωραμ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Αμβρι μετὰ Θαμνι., 'And Thamni and Joram the brother of him died at that time, and Ambri ruled after Thamni.' – LXXRahlfs
καὶ ἀπέθανε Θαμνὶ καὶ Ἰωρὰμ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἀμβρί μετὰ Θαμνί., 'And Thamnì and Joram the brother of him died at that time, and Ambri ruled after Thamnì.' – Brenton
και απέθανε Θαβνί και εβασίλευσεν Αμβρί., 'And Thabní died and Ambri reigned.' – ABP
mortuusque est Thebni, et regnavit Amri., 'and Thebni died, and Amri reigned.' – VgColunga&Turrado
[2] καὶ ἐπορεύθη ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ Ἀσὰ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἐξέκλινεν ἀπ᾽ αὐτῆς τοῦ ποιεῖν τὸ εὐθὲς ἐνώπιον Κυρίου· πλὴν τῶν ὑψηλῶν οὐκ ἐξῆραν, ἔθυον ἐν τοῖς ὑψηλοῖς καὶ ἐθυμίων., 'And he went in the way of Asa his father, and he did not deviate from it to do what is right before the Lord; only they did not remove [any] of the high places, they sacrificed and burnt incense on the high places.' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton
omitted – WLC ABP VgColunga&Turrado
1 Kings 16:28c
[3] καὶ ἃ συνέθετο Ἰωσαφάθ, καὶ πᾶσα δυναστεία ἣν ἐποίησεν, καὶ οὓς ἐπολέμησεν, οὐκ ἰδοὺ ταῦτα γεγραμμένα ἐν βιβλίῳ λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν τῶν βασιλέων Ἰούδα;, 'And what Josaphat composed, and all dynasty which he made, and those who fought, are these [things] not written in the book of the words of the days of the kings of Judah?' – LXXSwete
[8] καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ἰωσαφὰθ μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ ἐν πόλει Δαυείδ· καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἰωρὰμ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ᾽ αὐτοῦ., 'And Josaphàth slept with his fathers in the city of Daveíd: and Joram his son reigned instead of him.' – LXXSwete
καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ιωσαφατ μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ θάπτεται μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ ἐν πόλει Δαυιδ,..., 'And Josaphàt slept with his fathers and was buried with his fathers in the city of David,...' – LXXRahlfs
וְאַחְאָ֣ב בֶּן־עָמְרִ֗י מָלַךְ֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּשְׁנַ֨ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וּשְׁמֹנֶה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לְאָסָ֖א מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַ֠יִּמְלֹךְ אַחְאָ֨ב בֶּן־עָמְרִ֤י עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְרֹ֔ון עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁתַּ֖יִם שָׁנָֽה׃, 'And Ahab son of Omri [became] king over Israel in the year thirty and eight years of Asa king of Judah, and Ahab the son of Omri reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years.' – WLC
Ἐν ἔτει δευτέρῳ τῷ Ἰωσαφὰθ βασιλεύει Ἀχαὰβ υἱὸς Ζαμβρεί· ἐβασίλευσεν ἐπὶ Ἰσραὴλ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ εἴκοσι καὶ δύο ἔτη., 'In the second year of Josaphath reigned Achaáb son of Zambreí; [he] reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years' – LXXSwete
Ἐν ἔτει δευτέρῳ τῷ Ιωσαφατ βασιλεύει Αχααβ υἱὸς Αμβρι· ἐβασίλευσεν ἐπὶ Ισραηλ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ εἴκοσι καὶ δύο ἔτη., 'In the second year of Josaphat reigned Achaab son of Ambri: [he] reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years.' – LXXRahlfs
Ἐν ἔτει δευτέρῳ τοῦ Ἰωσαφὰτ βασιλέως Ἰούδα, Ἀχαὰβ υἱὸς Ἀμβρὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἐπὶ Ἰσραὴλ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ εἴκοσι καὶ δύο ἔτη., 'In the second year of Josaphat king of Judah, Achaáb son of Ambrì reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years.' – Brenton
ο δε Αχαάβ υιός Αμβρί εβασίλευσεν επί Ισραήλ εν έτει τριακοστώ και ογδόω του Ασά βασιλέως Ιούδα βασιλεύει δε Αχαάβ υιός Αμβρί επί Ισραήλ εν Σαμαρεία είκοσι και δύο έτη, 'But Achaáb the son of Ambrí reigned over Israel in the thirtieth and eighth year of Asa king of Judah. And Achaáb the son of Ambrí reigned over Israel in Samaria for twenty and two years.' – ABP
Achab vero filius Amri regnavit super Israel anno trigesimo octavo Asa regis Juda. Et regnavit Achab filius Amri super Israel in Samaria viginti et duobus annis., 'Achab [the] real son of Amri reigned over Israel in (the) thirty-eighth year of Asa king of Judah. And Achab (the) son of Amri reigned over Israel in Samaria for twenty-two years.' – VgColunga&Turrado
לְהַכְעִיס֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל, lə-haḵ-‘îs ’eṯ- Yah-weh ’ĕ-lō-hê yiś-rā-’êl, 'to provoke the anger of Yahweh [the] god [of] Israel' – WLC
παροργίσαι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ, τοῦ ἐξολοθρευθήναι· ἐκακοποίησεν, 'to provoke the anger of his own life, so that he should be annihilated: he did evil' – LXXSwete
παροργίσαι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἐξολεθρευθῆναι· ἐκακοποίησεν, 'to provoke the anger of his own life so that he should be destroyed: he did evil' – LXXRahlfs
παροργίσαι τον Κύριον Θεὸν τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐξολοθρευθῆναι, ἐκακοποίησεν, 'to provoke the anger of the Lord God of Israel, and of his own life so that he should be destroyed, he did evil' – Brenton
παροργίσαι τον κύριον θεόν του Ισραήλ, 'to provoke the anger of the lord god of Israel' – ABP
irritans Dominum Deum Israel, 'irritating [the] Lord God Israel' – VgColunga&Turrado
1 Kings 16:34
בְּיָמָ֞יו בָּנָ֥ה חִיאֵ֛ל בֵּ֥ית הָאֱלִ֖י אֶת־יְרִיחֹ֑ה, bə-yā-māw bā-nāh ḥî-’êl bêṯ hā-’ĕ-lî ’eṯ- yə-rî-ḥōh, 'In his days Hiel [the] Bethelite built Jericho' – WLC
ᾨκοδόμησεν Ἀχειὴλ ὁ Βαιθηλείτης τὴν Ἰερειχώ·, 'Acheièl the Baithelite built Iereicho:' – LXXSwete
ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ ᾠκοδόμησεν Αχιηλ ὁ Βαιθηλίτης τὴν Ιεριχω·, 'In his days, Achiel the Baithelite built Iericho:' – LXXRahlfs
Καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ ᾠκοδόμησεν Αχιὴλ ὁ Βαιθηλίτης τὴν Ἱεριχω·, 'And in his days, Achièl the Baithelite built Hiericho:' – Brenton
εν ταις ημέραις αυτού ωκοδόμησεν Χιήλ ο Βεθελίτης την Ιεριχώ, 'In his days, Chiél the Bethelite built Iericho' – ABP
In diebus ejus aedificavit Hiel de Bethel Jericho:, 'In his days Hiel of Bethel (has) built Jericho:' – VgColunga&Turrado
שִׁ֥יר הַשִּׁירִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִשְׁלֹמֹֽה׃, šîr haš-šî-rîm ’ă-šer liš-lō-mōh., '[The] song of songs that [is] of Shalomo' – WLC
ΑΣΜΑ ᾀσμάτων, ὅ ἐστιν τῷ Σαλωμών., 'SONG of songs, which is to Salomon.' – LXXSwete
Ἆισμα ᾀσμάτων, ὅ ἐστιν τῷ Σαλωμων., 'Song of songs, which is to Salomon.' – LXXRahlfs
ΑΣΜΑ ᾀσμάτων, ὅ ἐστι τῷ Σαλωμών., 'SONG of songs, which is to Salomon.' – Brenton
άσμα ασμάτων ο εστι τω Σολομώντι, '[A] song of songs which is to Solomon.' – ABP
omitted – VgColunga&Turrado. Note: because Vg omits the first verse, it has only 16 verses in this chapter; the numbering shifts backwards, so that verse 1:2 in Hebrew and Greek becomes verse 1:1 in Latin etc.
בְּנֹ֖ות יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם, bə-nō-wṯ yə-rū-šā-lim, 'O daughters of Jerusalem' – WLC
θυγατέρες Ἰσραήλ, 'O daughters of Israel' – LXXSwete
θυγατέρες Ιερουσαλήμ, 'O daughters of Jerusalem' – LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP
filiae Jerusalem, '(O) daughters of Jerusalem or of/to (the) daughter Jerusalem or Jerusalem of/to [a/the] daughter' – VgColunga&Turrado
Songs 1:5
δέρρις Σαλωμών., '[the] hide/leathern coverings/curtains of Salomon.' – LXXSwete
δέρρεις Σαλωμων., '[the] hide/leathern coverings/curtains of Salomon.' – LXXRahlfs Brenton
δέρρεις Σολομώντος, '[the] hide/leathern coverings/curtains of Solomon.' – ABP
Songs 1:6
אַל־תִּרְא֙וּנִי֙ שֶׁאֲנִ֣י שְׁחַרְחֹ֔רֶת שֶׁשֱּׁזָפַ֖תְנִי הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ, ’al- tir-’ū-nî še-’ă-nî šə-ḥar-ḥō-reṯ, šeš-šĕ-zā-p̄aṯ-nî haš-šā-meš;, 'Do not look at [me], because I [am] blackened/swarthy, because the sun has seen / looked at [me];' – WLC
μὴ βλέψητέ με, ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι μεμελανωμένη, ὅτι παρέβλεψέ(ν) με ὁ ἥλιος·, 'Do not look at me, because I am being blackened, because the sun has looked over me;' – LXXSwete LXXRahlfs Brenton
...μελανωμένη..., '...blackened...' – ABP
Nolite me considerare quod fusca sim, quia decoloravit me sol., 'Do not think that I am black/brown, because [the] sun has discoloured me.' – VgColunga&Turrado
Songs 1:13
בֵּ֥ין שָׁדַ֖י יָלִֽין׃, bên šā-ḏay yā-lîn., 'between [my] breasts [it] spends the night.' – WLC
ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν μαστῶν μου αὐλισθήσεται·, 'between my breasts [he] shall spend the night;' – LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP
inter ubera mea commorabitur, 'between my breasts [it] will stay' – VgColunga&Turrado
omitted – LXXSwete
Songs 1:14
אֶשְׁכֹּ֨ל הַכֹּ֤פֶר ׀ דֹּודִי֙ לִ֔י, ’eš-kōl hak-kō-p̄er dō-w-ḏî lî,, 'A cluster of henna [blooms is] my beloved to me' – WLC
βότρυς τῆς κύπρου ἀδελφιδός μου ἐμοὶ, 'A cluster of henna is my beloved [man]' – LXXRahlfs Brenton ABP. κύπρος is a Semitic loanword identical with Hebrew כֹּפֶר / כּוֺפֶר kōp̱er, meaning "henna". When capitalised, this word is identical to the Greek name of Cyprus, which may or may not have been derived from this word.
Botrus cypri dilectus meus, 'My beloved cluster of henna' – VgColunga&Turrado. cyprus, not to be confused with the island of Cyprus, is the latinisation of κύπρος, and the origin of the English word cypress.
omitted – LXXSwete
Songs 1:16
אַף־ עַרְשֵׂ֖נוּ רַעֲנָנָֽה׃, ’ap̄- ‘ar-śê-nū ra-‘ă-nā-nāh., 'Also, our bed is green. or Indeed, our couch is luxuriant!' – WLC
וַתְּהִ֤י יִרְאָתָם֙ אֹתִ֔י מִצְוַ֥ת אֲנָשִׁ֖ים מְלֻמָּדָֽה׃, wat-tə-hî yir-’ā-ṯām ’ō-ṯî, miṣ-waṯ ’ă-nā-šîm mə-lum-mā-ḏāh., 'and their fear towards me is taught by the commandment of men.' – MT
μάτην δὲ σέβονταί με διδάσκοντες ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων καὶ διδασκαλίας., 'and in vain they worship me, teaching [the] precepts and instructions of men.' – LXXSwete, ABP
Compare New Testament quotation:
μάτην δὲ σέβονταί με, διδάσκοντες διδασκαλίας ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων·, 'In vain they now worship me, teaching [as] doctrines [the] precepts of men.' – Mark 7:7
Wells, Bruce (2020). "On the Beds of a Woman: The Leviticus Texts on Same-Sex Relations Reconsidered". Sexuality and Law in the Torah. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 123–158. ISBN9780567681607. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
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