Rabiʽ al-Thani (Arabic: رَبِيع ٱلثَّانِي, romanized: Rabīʿ ath-Thānī, lit. 'The second Rabi', also known as Rabi' al-Akhirah (Arabic: رَبِيع ٱلْآخِرَة, romanized: Rabi' al-ʾĀkhirah, lit. 'The final Rabi'), Rabiʽ al-Akhir (رَبِيع ٱلْآخِر), or Rabi' II is the fourth month of the Islamic calendar.
The name Rabī‘ al-Thani means "the second spring" in Arabic, referring to its position in the pre-Islamic Arabian calendar.
Rabi' al-Thani | |
---|---|
Native name | رَبِيع ٱلثَّانِي (Arabic) |
Calendar | Islamic calendar |
Month number | 4 |
Number of days | 29-30 (depends on actual observation of the moon's crescent) |
In the days of the Ottoman Empire, the name of this month in Ottoman Turkish was Rèbi' ul-aher, with the Turkish abbreviation Rè, or Reb.-ul-Akh. in western European languages. In modern Turkish, it is Rebiülahir or Rebiülsani.
The word "Rabi" means "spring" and Al-thani means "the second" in the Arabic language, so "Rabi' al-Thani" means "the second spring" in Arabic. As the Islamic calendar is a purely lunar calendar, the month naturally rotates over solar years, so Rabīʽ al-Thani can fall in spring or any other season. Therefore, the month cannot be related to the actual season of spring.
The Islamic calendar is a purely lunar calendar, and months begin when the first crescent of a new moon is sighted. Since the Islamic lunar year is 11 to 12 days shorter than the tropical year, Rabī' al-Thānī migrates throughout the seasons. The estimated start and end dates for Rabī' al-Thānī are as follows (based on the Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia):
AH | First day (CE/AD) | Last day (CE/AD) |
---|---|---|
1443 | 6 November 2021 | 4 December 2021 |
1444 | 26 October 2022 | 24 November 2022 |
1445 | 16 October 2023 | 14 November 2023 |
1446 | 4 October 2024 | 2 November 2024 |
1447 | 23 September 2025 | 22 October 2025 |
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