Padule Di Fucecchio Massacre

After the war, the commander of the 26th Panzer Division was sentenced for war crimes, but the men who carried out the massacre were not convicted until 2011 and none served any jail time. The massacre has been described as "one of the worst Nazi atrocities in Italy".

Padule di Fucecchio massacre
Part of War crimes of the Wehrmacht
A memorial to the massacre at Ponte Buggianese
Padule di Fucecchio massacre (Northern Italy)
Native name	Eccidio del Padule di Fucecchio
Location	Padule di Fucecchio [it], Tuscany, Italy
Coordinates	43°48′N 10°48′E / 43.800°N 10.800°E / 43.800; 10.800
Date	23 August 1944
Target	Italian civilian population
Attack type	Massacre
Weapons	Machine guns
Deaths	At least 174
Perpetrators	Ernst Pistor, Fritz Jauss, Johan Robert Riss, Gerhard Deissmann Eduard Crasemann
Motive	Reprisal for Italian partisan activity
Inquiry	Sergeant Charles Edmondson
Convicted	Crasemann (1947) Pistor, Jauss, and Riss (2011)
Verdict	Crasemann: 10 years (died in prison in 1950) Pistor, Jauss, and Riss: Life imprisonment (in absentia) Germany ordered to pay €14 million
Charges	Murder
Website	L'Eccidio del Padule di Fucecchio

The massacre was carried out as a reprisal for the wounding of two German soldiers by Italian partisans. An Italian military court was later told that the Germans had rounded up 94 men, 63 women and 27 children and murdered them with machine gun fire. According to the prosecutor, the murders were committed "in cold blood, looking the innocent in the eyes". An Italian historian described the massacre as "not a reprisal but an operation of total desertification".

Initial investigation

British military police Sergeant Charles Edmondson investigated the massacre in 1945. He took statements from survivors. This evidence was used decades later, after Edmondson's death in 1985, in the prosecution of some of the perpetrators.

Edmondson established that the massacre was carried out by soldiers of the 26th Panzer Division. The division was commanded by Eduard Crasemann at the time, who was sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment for war crimes by a British military court. He died in a West German prison in 1950.

Trial

In 2011, a military court in Italy tried four of the suspected perpetrators and found three of them guilty while the fourth one died during the trial. Ernst Pistor (Captain), Fritz Jauss (Warrant officer), and Johan Robert Riss (Sergeant) were found guilty while Gerhard Deissmann died before the sentencing, aged 100. The three were unlikely to serve time in jail because Germany was not obliged to extradite them. None of the three showed any remorse for their action. Some of the perpetrators of the massacre were also accused of participating in the murder of the family of Robert Einstein.

Compensation

Marco De Paolis, the military prosecutor in the case, asked Germany to pay €14 million in compensation to 32 relatives of the victims but Germany denied liability, citing immunity agreements with Italy in 1947 and 1961.

In 2015, the Italian Foreign Minister, Paolo Gentiloni, together with his German counterpart Frank-Walter Steinmeier, who would later serve as President of Germany, opened a Documentation Centre on the Padule di Fucecchio Massacre. The official press release by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation puts the number of victims in the massacre at 175.