Haiti National Unity Party
The National Unity Party (French: Parti de l'unité nationale, PUN) is a political party in Haiti.
It was the de facto only political party in the country during the Duvalier dynasty (French: Dynastie des Duvalier), the autocratic family dictatorship of François "Papa Doc" Duvalier and his son Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier, which lasted from 1957 to 1986.
National Unity Party Parti de l'unité nationale | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | PUN |
| Leader | François Duvalier (1957–1971) Jean-Claude Duvalier (1971–1986) |
| Founder | François Duvalier |
| Founded | 14 June 1957 |
| Headquarters | Port-au-Prince, Ouest department |
| Paramilitary wing | Volontaires de la Sécurité Nationale (1959–1986) |
| Ideology | Black nationalism Pan-Africanism Haitian nationalism Right-wing populism Authoritarianism Anti-communism Historical: Anti-Americanism (until 1971) |
| Political position | Far-right |
| Colors | Black |
| Party flag | |
.svg) | |
History
The PUN was founded in 1957 as a political platform to support the presidential candidacy of "Papa Doc" Duvalier in the 1957 general election. In the aftermath of the July 1958 coup d'état attempt, the Tonton Macoute — officially named Volunteers of the National Security (French: Volontaires de la Sécurité Nationale, VSN) — was formed as the paramilitary wing of the PUN. In 1963, other political parties in Haiti were outlawed, making the PUN the single political party of the nation.
When "Papa Doc" Duvalier died in 1971, his son "Baby Doc" Duvalier succeeded him as the President of the country and the leader of the party. The party would remain in power until the fall and exile of "Baby Doc" Duvalier in 1986, at the height of the Anti-Duvalier protest movement, after which the party would enter a low profile stage, including the change of its name to National Progressive Party (French: Parti progressiste national, PPN).
After the return of "Baby Doc" Duvalier from exile in 2011, the party began a process of reconstitution under its original name from 2014, and started opening departmental offices. Suffering a setback with the death of "Baby Doc" Duvalier in 2014, the party nominated Marc-Arthur Drouillard as its candidate in the 2015 presidential election. Towards that time, the legal representative of the party was Philomène Exe.
Electoral history
Presidential elections
| Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1957 | François Duvalier | 680,509 | 72,36% | Elected  |
| 1961 (referendum) | 1,320,748 | 100% | Elected | |
| 1964 (referendum) | 2,800,000 | 99,88% | Elected | |
| 1971 (referendum) | Jean-Claude Duvalier | 2,239,917 | 100% | Elected |
| 1985 (referendum) | 2,375,011 | 99,98% | Elected | |
| 2015 | Marc-Arthur Drouillard | 929 | 0,06% | Lost  |
| 2016 | 970 | 0,09% | Lost |
Chamber of Deputies elections
| Election | Party leader | Seats | +/– | Position | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1957 | François Duvalier | 35 / 37 | New | 1st | Supermajority government |
| 1961 | 67 / 67 |  32 |  1st | Supermajority government | |
| 1964 | Unknown | 1st | Sole legal party | ||
| 1967 | Unknown | 1st | Sole legal party | ||
| 1973 | Jean-Claude Duvalier | 58 / 58 | 1st | Sole legal party | |
| 1979 | 57 / 58 |  1 | 1st | Sole legal party | |
| 1984 | 59 / 59 | 2 | 1st | Sole legal party | |
See also
- Dominican Party, the ruling party of the neighboring Dominican Republic under Rafael Trujillo between 1930–1961.
References
This article uses material from the Wikipedia English article National Unity Party (Haiti), which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license ("CC BY-SA 3.0"); additional terms may apply (view authors). Content is available under CC BY-SA 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
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