Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar (Persian: محمدعلی شاه قاجار; 21 June 1872 – 5 April 1925) Shah of Iran from 8 January 1907 to 16 July 1909.
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He was the sixth shah of the Qajar dynasty.
Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar | |||||
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Shah of Iran | |||||
Reign | 3 January 1907 – 16 July 1909 | ||||
Predecessor | Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar | ||||
Successor | Ahmad Shah Qajar | ||||
Prime Ministers | |||||
Born | Tabriz, Azerbaijan, Persia | 21 June 1872||||
Died | 5 April 1925 San Remo, Italy | (aged 52)||||
Burial | |||||
Spouse | Malekeh Jahan | ||||
Issue | See below | ||||
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Dynasty | Qajar | ||||
Father | Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar | ||||
Mother | Taj ol-Molouk (Umm al-Khakan) | ||||
Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||
Tughra |
Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar was opposed to the Persian Constitution of 1906, which had been ratified during the reign of his father, Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar. Therefore, he was frequently criticized by the publications of the period, including a weekly newspaper Musavat. In 1907, Mohammad Ali dissolved the National Consultative Assembly and declared the Constitution abolished because it was contrary to Islamic law. He bombarded the Majles (Persian parliament) with the military and political support of Russia and Britain.
In July 1909, pro-Constitution forces marched from Persia's provinces to Tehran led by Sardar As'ad, Sepehdar A'zam, Sattar Khan, Bagher Khan and Yeprem Khan, deposed the Shah, and re-established the constitution. On 16 July 1909, the parliament voted to place Mohammad Ali Shah's 11-year-old son, Ahmad Shah on the throne. Mohammad Ali Shah abdicated following the new Constitutional Revolution and he has since been remembered as a symbol of dictatorship.
Having fled to Odesa, Russia (currently Ukraine), Mohammad Ali plotted his return to power. In 1911 he landed at Astarabad, Persia, but his forces were defeated. Mohammad Ali Shah returned to Russia, then in 1920 to Constantinople (present day Istanbul) and later to San Remo, Italy, where he died on 5 April 1925. He was buried at the Shrine of Imam Husain in Karbala, Iraq. Every Shah of Persia since Mohammad Ali has died in exile.
His son and successor, Ahmad Shah Qajar was the last sovereign of the Qajar dynasty.
Mohammad Ali Shah had two wives:
Mohammad Ali Shah had six sons and two daughters:
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