London Borough Of Newham

The London Borough of Newham (/ˈnjuːəm/ ⓘ) is a London borough created in 1965 by the London Government Act 1963.

It covers an area previously administered by the Essex county boroughs of West Ham and East Ham, authorities that were both abolished by the same act. The name Newham reflects its creation and combines the compass points of the old borough names. Situated in the Inner London part of East London, Newham has a population of 387,576, which is the fourth highest of the London boroughs and also makes it the 26th most populous district in England. The local authority is Newham London Borough Council.

London Borough of Newham
Coat of arms of London Borough of Newham
Official logo of London Borough of Newham
Motto: 
Progress with the People
Newham shown within Greater London
Newham shown within Greater London
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Constituent countryEngland
RegionInner London
Ceremonial countyGreater London
Created1 April 1965
Admin HQEast Ham
Government
 • TypeLondon borough council
 • BodyNewham London Borough Council
 • LeadershipMayor and Cabinet (Labour)
 • Executive mayorRokhsana Fiaz (Labour)
 • London AssemblyUnmesh Desai (Labour) AM for City and East
 • MPsLyn Brown (Labour)
Stephen Timms (Labour)
Area
 • Total13.98 sq mi (36.22 km2)
 • Rank268th (of 296)
 • 15,662 sq mi (40,560 km2)
Population
 (2021)
 • Total350,626
 • Rank26th (of 296)
 • Density25,000/sq mi (9,700/km2)
Time zoneUTC (GMT)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (BST)
Postcodes
E, IG
Area code020
ONS code00BB
GSS codeE09000025
PoliceMetropolitan Police
Websitewww.newham.gov.uk

It is 5 miles (8 km) east of the City of London, north of the River Thames (the Woolwich Ferry and Woolwich foot tunnel providing the only crossings to the south), bounded by the River Lea to its west and the North Circular Road to its east. Newham was one of the six host boroughs for the 2012 Summer Olympics and contains most of the Olympic Park including the London Stadium, and also contains the London City Airport. Major districts include East Ham, West Ham, Stratford, Plaistow, Forest Gate, Beckton and Canning Town.

History

The borough was formed on 1 April 1965 under the London Government Act 1963, as a borough of the newly formed Greater London. It broadly covered the areas of the county borough of East Ham and the county borough of West Ham that were abolished by the same act. These in turn were successors to the ancient civil and ecclesiastical parishes of East Ham and West Ham. Green Street and Boundary Road mark the former boundary between the two. North Woolwich also became part of the borough (previously being part of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich, south of the river Thames in the County of London) along with a small area west of the River Roding which had previously been part of the Municipal Borough of Barking. Newham was devised for the borough as an entirely new name.

Manor of Ham

The area of the modern borough was at one time occupied by a manor (an estate or landholding with certain legal responsibilities) called 'Ham'. The name comes from Old English 'hamm' and means 'a dry area of land between rivers or marshland', referring to the location of the settlement within boundaries formed by the rivers Lea, Thames and Roding and their marshes.

The first known written use of the term, as 'Hamme', is in an Anglo-Saxon charter of 958, in which King Edgar granted the area to Ealdorman Athelstan. The territory was undivided at that time. A subsequent charter of 1037 describes a transfer of land which has been identified with East Ham, indicating that the division of the territory occurred between 958 and 1037.

The Domesday Book shows landholdings divided further, and by the end of the 12th century these manors were being served, singly or in groups of manors, by the familiar ancient parishes of West Ham, East Ham and Little Ilford (now also known as Manor Park), with some areas by the Roding a part of Barking, and the area now known as North Woolwich attached to Woolwich. The earliest recorded use of the name West Ham, Westhamma, comes in 1186, and East Ham, Estham, is recorded in 1204.

The boundary between West and East Ham was drawn from the now lost Hamfrith Waste and Hamfrith Wood in the north (then the southernmost parts of Epping Forest which extended as far south as the Romford Road at that time), along Green Street down to the small, also lost, natural harbour known as Ham Creek. Ham Creek was filled-in in the nineteenth century, but the small residual head of the creek still formed the boundary between the two areas into the late 20th century, when what remained was also filled in.

The formation of the modern borough in 1965 saw the merger of West and East Ham, together with North Woolwich and Barking west of the River Roding. Little Ilford had become part of East Ham as part of earlier local government reorganisations.

Medieval period

The prosperity of the area increased due to the construction of Bow Bridge, the only bridge over the Lea, and the creation of Stratford Langthorne Abbey.

Governance

London Borough Of Newham 
A map showing the wards of Newham since 2002

Unlike most English districts, its council is led by a directly elected mayor of Newham. From 2002 to 2009 one of the councillors had been appointed as the "civic ambassador" and performed the civic and ceremonial role previously carried out by the mayor. The post has been discontinued.

At the borough elections held in 2014, the Labour Party won all 60 of the seats on the council. Sir Robin Wales was re-elected as the borough's Executive Mayor with 61% of the first preference votes cast.

In 2018, Robin Wales was deselected as the Labour Party mayoral candidate. Rokhsana Fiaz was elected in the position of Executive Mayor, also for the Labour party.

Coat of arms

The borough adopted West Ham's coat of arms, but with a motto adapted from that of East Ham.

The arms include the following elements:

The borough's motto, "Progress with the People" is an English translation of East Ham's Latin "Progressio cum Populo".

Greater London representation

For elections to the Greater London Council, the borough formed the Newham electoral division, electing three members. In 1973 it was divided into the single-member Newham North East, Newham North West and Newham South electoral divisions. The Greater London Council was abolished in 1986.

Since 2000, for elections to the London Assembly, the borough forms part of the City and East constituency.

Demography

London Borough Of Newham 
Population pyramid of Newham in 2021

Population figures

Population
YearPop.±%
18018,875—    
181111,166+25.8%
182113,005+16.5%
183115,553+19.6%
184117,758+14.2%
185124,875+40.1%
186169,355+178.8%
1871113,835+64.1%
1881158,314+39.1%
1891259,155+63.7%
1901338,506+30.6%
1911442,158+30.6%
1921448,081+1.3%
1931454,096+1.3%
1941377,508−16.9%
1951313,837−16.9%
1961271,858−13.4%
1971235,496−13.4%
1981209,131−11.2%
1991221,146+5.7%
2001243,737+10.2%
2011307,984+26.4%
2021351,030+14.0%
Source: A Vision of Britain through time, citing Census population

Newham has, after Barnet and Croydon, the third highest population of the London boroughs, with a population numbering 382,984 as of 2021. Despite growing since the 1980s, it is still drastically lower than its pre-war peak. In the period between 1951 and 1981, Newham's population shrunk by 28.87% owing to factors such as the war bombings and the increasingly high unemployment. The redevelopment of the Docklands as well as development related to the 2012 Olympics have contributed to reversing its declining trend.

Ethnicities

London Borough Of Newham 
Ethnic demography of the London Borough of Newham over time
London Borough Of Newham 
Population pyramid of Newham by ethnicity in 2021
London Borough Of Newham 
Ethnic makeup of Newham in single year age groups in 2021
London Borough Of Newham 
UK born and foreign born population pyramid in Newham in 2021. Males and females representing the UK born population while foreign males and females representing the foreign born population.

Newham has the youngest overall population and one of the lowest White British populations in the country according to the 2011 UK Census. The borough has the second-highest percentage of Muslims in the UK, after the neighbouring London Borough of Tower Hamlets, at 32%. A 2017 report from Trust for London and the New Policy Institute found that 36% of local employees in Newham are in low paid work; the highest percentage of any London borough. Newham also has a 37% poverty rate, which is the second-highest rate in London.

Newham is very ethnically diverse. When using Simpson's Diversity Index on 10 aggregated ethnic groups, the 2001 UK Census identified Newham as the most ethnically diverse district in England and Wales, with 9 wards in the top 15. However, when using the 16 ethnic categories in the Census so that White Irish and White Other ethnic minorities are also included in the analysis, Newham becomes the second-most ethnically diverse borough with six out of the top 15 wards, behind Brent with 7 out of the top 15 wards.

Newham has the lowest percentage of both total White and White British residents of all of London's boroughs. The joint-lowest wards with White British population are Green Street East and Green Street West, each having 4.8% – the third-lowest behind Southall Broadway and Southall Green in Ealing. East Ham North follows closely, at 4.9%.

As of the 2021 UK census, people of "Bangladeshi" ethnicity are the largest single group in the borough at 15.9%. "White British" are the second largest group at 14.8%, with "White Other" third largest at 14.6%, "African" fourth largest at 11.6%, "Indian" next largest at 11% and then "Pakistani" at 8.9%. Newham has had a large Asian community for many decades; more than half of Newham's Upton and Kensington wards were of ethnic minority origin in 1981. The nationality to increase the most in number since 1991 is the Bangladeshi community. Newham has the largest total population of Asian origin in London; it is notably a borough with high populations of all three largest British Asian nationalities, having the 5th highest Indian population in London and the 2nd highest each for both Pakistani and Bangladeshi.

Newham has 1,340 residents who were born in Ukraine, the highest population of Ukrainians in the UK.

Ethnic Group 1981 estimations 1991 2001 2011 2021
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
White: Total 152,641 73.4% 122,403 57.69% 96,130 39.42% 89,216 28.97% 107,947 30.8%
White: British 82,390 33.78% 51,516 16.73% 51,819 14.8%
White: Irish 3,231 1.32% 2,172 0.71% 2,039 0.6%
White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller 462 0.15% 353 0.1%
White: Roma 2,342 0.7%
White: Other 10,509 4.31% 35,066 11.39% 51,394 14.6%
Asian or Asian British: Total 56,331 26.5% 81,651 33.48% 133,895 43.47% 148,187 42.3%
Asian or Asian British: Indian 27,656 13.03% 29,597 12.14% 42,484 13.79% 38,642 11.0%
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani 12,504 5.89% 20,644 8.46% 30,307 9.84% 31,216 8.9%
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi 8,152 3.84% 21,458 8.80% 37,262 12.10% 55,677 15.9%
Asian or Asian British: Chinese 1,712 2,349 0.96% 3,930 1.28% 6,213 1.8%
Asian or Asian British: Other Asian 6,307 7,603 3.12% 19,912 6.47% 16,439 4.7%
Black or Black British: Total 30,471 14.4% 52,653 21.59% 60,256 19.56% 61,302 17.4%
Black or Black British: African 15,252 7.1% 31,982 13.11% 37,811 12.28% 40,874 11.6%
Black or Black British: Caribbean 11,861 5.59% 17,931 7.35% 15,050 4.89% 13,586 3.9%
Black or Black British: Other Black 3,358 2,740 1.12% 7,395 2.40% 6,842 1.9%
Mixed or British Mixed: Total 8,248 3.38% 13,945 4.53% 16,419 4.6%
Mixed: White and Black Caribbean 2,986 1.22% 3,957 1.28% 4,253 1.2%
Mixed: White and Black African 1,657 0.68% 3,319 1.08% 3,317 0.9%
Mixed: White and Asian 1,652 0.68% 2,677 0.87% 3,324 0.9%
Mixed: Other Mixed 1,953 0.80% 3,992 1.30% 5,525 1.6%
Other: Total 2,965 1.4% 5,209 2.14% 10,672 3.47% 17,175 4.9%
Other: Arab 3,523 1.14% 3,534 1.0%
Other: Any other ethnic group 2,965 1.4% 5,209 2.14% 7,149 2.32% 13,641 3.9%
Ethnic minority: Total 55,334 26.6% 89,767 42.3% 147,761 60.58% 218,768 71.03% 246,617 69.2%
Total 207,975 100% 212,170 100% 243,891 100% 307,984 100% 351,030 100%

Health

In 2018, Newham had the lowest life expectancy and the highest rate of heart disease of all London boroughs together with the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.

In 2019, the BBC reported that Newham had the highest rate of tuberculosis in the UK at 107 per 100000 population, which was higher than Rwanda (69) and Iraq (45) according to WHO figures from 2013. More than 80% of TB cases in London occur in people born abroad. The UK average was 13.

Religion

London Borough Of Newham 
Religious makeup of Newham by single year age groups in 2021

Religion in Newham as of 2021

  Christianity (35.3%)
  Islam (34.8%)
  Irreligion (14.5%)
  Hindu (6.1%)
  Sikh (1.6%)
  Buddhist (0.6%)
  Jewish (0.1%)
  Other (7%)

The following table shows the religious identity of residents residing in Newham according to the 2001, 2011 and the 2021 censuses.

Religion 2001 2011 2021
Number % Number % Number %
Christian 114,247 46.8 123,119 40.0 123,746 35.3
Muslim 59,293 24.3 98,456 32.0 122,146 34.8
Jewish 481 0.2 342 0.1 448 0.1
Hindu 16,901 6.9 26,962 8.8 21,405 6.1
Sikh 6,897 2.8 6,421 2.1 5,638 1.6
Buddhism 1,592 0.7 2,446 0.8 2,160 0.6
Other religion 664 0.3 1,090 0.4 1,765 0.5
No religion 21,978 9.0 29,373 9.5 50,795 14.5
Religion not stated 21,838 9.0 19,775 6.4 22,933 6.5
Total 243,891 100.00% 307,894 100.00% 351,100 100.0%

Education

A 2017 report by Trust for London and the New Policy Institute finds that the GCSE attainment gap between advantaged and disadvantaged pupils in Newham is the 4th best out of 32 London boroughs.

Schools and colleges

The Borough is the education authority for the district providing education in a mix of Foundation, community and voluntary aided schools. The borough also owns and operates Debden House, a residential adult education college in Loughton, Essex, and is home to the Rosetta Art Centre, a dedicated visual art organisation which delivers courses at its base in Stratford and produces participatory art projects, programmes and initiatives. The Essex Primary School in Sheridan Road with over 900 pupils is one of the biggest primary schools in London.

University

The University of East London has two campuses in Newham:

Birkbeck Stratford is a collaboration between Birkbeck, University of London and UEL to increase participation in adult learning. This is based on the UEL/Birkbeck shared campus, USS (University Square Stratford), in the centre of Stratford.

The University of East London had formed a partnership with the United States Olympic Committee which resulted in the United States Olympic Team using University of East London campuses as training bases during the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Places of interest

London Borough Of Newham 
Newham Town Hall in East Ham (E6)

Community

  • The Hub, a community resource centre built by the local community, in Star Lane, E16, featuring up to the minute "green" features[clarification needed]
  • Grassroots, another innovative green resource centre built by the community. Grassroots is in Memorial Recreation Ground, E15
  • Rosetta Art Centre, situated in walking distance to Grassroots, also in E15

Libraries

Newham has ten libraries (Beckton, Canning Town, Custom House, East Ham, Green Street, Manor Park, North Woolwich, Plaistow, Stratford and Forest Gate).

Museums

  • North Woolwich Old Station Museum. Closed in 2008.
  • Three Mills, a mill complex on the east bank of the River Lea. A trading site for nearly a thousand years, the House Mill was built in 1776 and was (and remains) the country's largest tide mill. It has been restored and contains much of its original machinery including four large waterwheels, millstones and grain chutes.

Markets

There are a number of local markets in the Borough, including Queens Market, which the council was controversially seeking to redevelop. The proposal was successfully opposed by Friends of Queens Market.

Parks and open spaces

80 hectares within the borough are designated as part of the Metropolitan Green Belt.

Performance

London Borough Of Newham 
Green Street where the population is predominantly South Asian
  • Stratford Circus Arts Centre Archived 24 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine, a community arts venue which presents theatre, dance, music, circus and comedy from around the world for communities in Newham and East London. The organisation works with schools and local groups in Newham to provide classes, workshops and outreach opportunities. Stratford Circus Arts Centre partners with Newham Council for Every Child a Theatre Goer Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine which invites every year 6 child to a performance at the venue
  • Theatre Royal Stratford East
  • St Mark's Church, Silvertown The church was designed by Samuel Saunders Teulon. It was built between 1861 and 1862 after a cholera epidemic swept the district and local clergy appealed through the columns of The Times for funds to provide an architectural, as well as spiritual, beacon for the area. It is now the home of the Brick Lane Music Hall.

Shopping and exhibitions

Sport

Newspapers

The local newspaper is the Newham Recorder.

Districts

See List of districts in the London Borough of Newham for the full list, including neighbourhoods or localities which form part of the areas listed below.

London Borough Of Newham 
Building 1000 – Newham Council Headquarters

Parishes

The borough is covered by the following ecclesiastical parishes of the Church of England:

Transport

Since the 1980s, public transport in Newham has undergone many upgrades and improvements are still continuing to this day.

The Docklands Light Railway (DLR) first opened in 1987, and was extended from Tower Hamlets through to Beckton in 1994. The network has undergone many extensions since, including to serve London City Airport, as well as Stratford International station in 2011 after its High Speed 1 link opened in late 2009. The Jubilee Line Extension was completed in 1999, including new or improved stations at Canning Town, West Ham and Stratford. The DLR network compensates for Newham's lack of tube stations, of which there are only 6, in comparison with other London boroughs. The Crossrail scheme - opening as the Elizabeth line in 2022 - also delivered improved rail connections to several stations as it heads through the borough on an east west axis. Of the 28 stations in Newham, only 4 stations lack step free access - thanks to the recent age of many of the stations in the borough.

As a result of all the recent developments, the borough contains one of only two airports located within the Greater London boundary and currently the only railway station outside of central London that is served by high speed rail.

London Borough Of Newham 
London City Airport is in Newham

List of stations

Travel to work

In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: underground, metro, light rail, tram, 23.0% of all residents aged 16–74; driving a car or van, 7.6%; bus, minibus or coach, 7.6%; train, 7.2%; on foot, 4.1%; work mainly at or from home, 1.4%; bicycle, 1.0%.

River services

Cable car

International services

Bus routes

Over 30 London Buses bus routes serve the London Borough of Newham, with main interchanges at Stratford, Stratford City and Beckton bus stations, with large bus interchanges also available at East Ham and Upton Park.

Town twinning

Newham is twinned with:

Freedom of the Borough

The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Borough of Newham.

Individuals

Military Units

Notable people

See also

References and notes

51°31′N 0°02′E / 51.517°N 0.033°E / 51.517; 0.033

Tags:

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