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List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement

The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020.

The Agreement aims to respond to the global climate change threat by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement
Parties to the Paris Agreement
  Parties
  Signatories
  Parties also covered by European Union ratification

History

The language of the agreement was negotiated by representatives of 197 parties at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC in Paris and adopted by consensus on 12 December 2015. The Agreement was open for signature by States and regional economic integration organizations that are Parties to the UNFCCC (the Convention) from 22 April 2016 to 21 April 2017 at the UN Headquarters in New York. The agreement stated that it would enter into force (and thus become fully effective) only if 55 countries that produce at least 55% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions (according to a list produced in 2015) ratify, accept, approve or accede to the agreement. On 1 April 2016, the United States and China, which together represent almost 40% of global emissions, issued a joint statement confirming that both countries would sign the Paris Climate Agreement. 175 Parties (174 states and the European Union) signed the agreement on the first date it was open for signature. On the same day, more than 20 countries issued a statement of their intent to join as soon as possible with a view to joining in 2016. With ratification by the European Union, the Agreement obtained enough parties to enter into effect as of 4 November 2016.

Parties

As of February 2023, 194 states and the EU, representing over 98% of global greenhouse gas emissions, have ratified or acceded to the Agreement, including China and the United States, the countries with the 1st and 2nd largest CO2 emissions among UNFCCC members. A further 3 states have signed the Agreement but not ratified it. All 198 UNFCCC members have either signed or acceded to the Paris Agreement.

Party Percentage of greenhouse
gases for ratification 		Date of signature Date of ratification, acceptance, approval, or accession Date of entry into force
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Afghanistan 0.05% 22 April 2016 15 February 2017 17 March 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Albania 0.02% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Algeria 0.30% 22 April 2016 20 October 2016 19 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Andorra 0.00% 22 April 2016 24 March 2017 23 April 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Angola 0.17% 22 April 2016 16 November 2020 16 December 2020
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Antigua and Barbuda 0.00% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Argentina 0.89% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Armenia 0.02% 20 September 2016 23 March 2017 22 April 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Australia 1.46% 22 April 2016 9 November 2016 9 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Austria 0.21% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Azerbaijan 0.13% 22 April 2016 9 January 2017 8 February 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Bahamas, The 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 August 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Bahrain 0.06% 22 April 2016 23 December 2016 22 January 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Bangladesh 0.27% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Barbados 0.01% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Belarus 0.24% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Belgium 0.32% 22 April 2016 6 April 2017 6 May 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Belize 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Benin 0.02% 22 April 2016 31 October 2016 30 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Bhutan 0.00% 22 April 2016 19 September 2017 19 October 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Bolivia 0.12% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.08% 22 April 2016 16 March 2017 15 April 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Botswana 0.02% 22 April 2016 11 November 2016 11 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Brazil 2.48% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Brunei N/A 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Bulgaria 0.15% 22 April 2016 29 November 2016 29 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Burkina Faso 0.06% 22 April 2016 11 November 2016 11 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Burundi 0.07% 22 April 2016 17 January 2018 16 February 2018
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Cambodia 0.03% 22 April 2016 6 February 2017 8 March 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Cameroon 0.45% 22 April 2016 29 July 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Canada 1.95% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Cape Verde 0.00% 22 April 2016 21 September 2017 21 October 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Central African Republic 0.01% 22 April 2016 11 October 2016 10 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Chad 0.06% 22 April 2016 12 January 2017 11 February 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Chile 0.25% 20 September 2016 10 February 2017 12 March 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  China 20.09% 22 April 2016 3 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Colombia 0.41% 22 April 2016 12 July 2018 11 August 2018
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Comoros 0.00% 22 April 2016 23 November 2016 23 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0.06% 22 April 2016 13 December 2017 12 January 2018
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Congo, Republic of the 0.01% 22 April 2016 21 April 2017 21 May 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Cook Islands 0.00% 24 June 2016 1 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Costa Rica 0.03% 22 April 2016 13 October 2016 12 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Côte d'Ivoire 0.73% 22 April 2016 25 October 2016 24 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Croatia 0.07% 22 April 2016 24 May 2017 23 June 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Cuba 0.10% 22 April 2016 28 December 2016 27 January 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Cyprus 0.02% 22 April 2016 4 January 2017 3 February 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Czech Republic 0.34% 22 April 2016 5 October 2017 4 November 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Denmark 0.15% 22 April 2016 1 November 2016 1 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Djibouti 0.00% 22 April 2016 11 November 2016 11 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Dominica 0.00% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Dominican Republic 0.07% 22 April 2016 21 September 2017 21 October 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  East Timor 0.00% 22 April 2016 16 August 2017 15 September 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Ecuador 0.67% 26 July 2016 20 September 2017 20 October 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Egypt 0.52% 22 April 2016 29 June 2017 29 July 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  El Salvador 0.03% 22 April 2016 27 March 2017 26 April 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Equatorial Guinea N/A 22 April 2016 30 October 2018 29 November 2018
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Eritrea 0.01% 22 April 2016 7 February 2023 9 March 2023
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Estonia 0.06% 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 4 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Eswatini 0.05% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Ethiopia 0.13% 22 April 2016 9 March 2017 8 April 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  European Union N/A 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Fiji 0.01% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Finland 0.17% 22 April 2016 14 November 2016 14 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  France 1.34% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Gabon 0.02% 22 April 2016 2 November 2016 2 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Gambia, The 0.05% 26 April 2016 7 November 2016 7 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Georgia 0.03% 22 April 2016 8 May 2017 7 June 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Germany 2.56% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Ghana 0.09% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Greece 0.28% 22 April 2016 14 October 2016 13 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Grenada 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Guatemala 0.04% 22 April 2016 25 January 2017 24 February 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Guinea 0.01% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Guinea-Bissau 0.02% 22 April 2016 22 October 2018 21 November 2018
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Guyana 0.01% 22 April 2016 20 May 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Haiti 0.02% 22 April 2016 31 July 2017 30 August 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Holy See N/A 4 September 2022 4 October 2022
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Honduras 0.03% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Hungary 0.15% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Iceland 0.01% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  India 4.10% 22 April 2016 2 October 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Indonesia 1.49% 22 April 2016 31 October 2016 30 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Iraq 0.20% 8 December 2016 1 November 2021 1 December 2021
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Ireland 0.16% 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 4 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Israel 0.20% 22 April 2016 22 November 2016 22 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Italy 1.18% 22 April 2016 11 November 2016 11 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Jamaica 0.04% 22 April 2016 10 April 2017 10 May 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Japan 3.79% 22 April 2016 8 November 2016 8 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Jordan 0.07% 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 4 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Kazakhstan 0.84% 2 August 2016 6 December 2016 5 January 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Kenya 0.06% 22 April 2016 28 December 2016 27 January 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Kiribati 0.00% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Kuwait 0.09% 22 April 2016 23 April 2018 23 May 2018
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Kyrgyzstan 0.03% 21 September 2016 18 February 2020 19 March 2020
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Laos 0.02% 22 April 2016 7 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Latvia 0.03% 22 April 2016 16 March 2017 15 April 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Lebanon 0.07% 22 April 2016 5 February 2020 6 March 2020
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Lesotho 0.01% 22 April 2016 20 January 2017 19 February 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Liberia 0.02% 22 April 2016 27 August 2018 26 September 2018
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Liechtenstein 0.00% 22 April 2016 20 September 2017 20 October 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Lithuania 0.05% 22 April 2016 2 February 2017 4 March 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Luxembourg 0.03% 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 4 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Madagascar 0.08% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Malawi 0.07% 20 September 2016 29 June 2017 29 July 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Malaysia 0.52% 22 April 2016 16 November 2016 16 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Maldives 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Mali 0.03% 22 April 2016 23 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Malta 0.01% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Marshall Islands 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Mauritania 0.02% 22 April 2016 27 February 2017 29 March 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Mauritius 0.01% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Mexico 1.70% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Micronesia 0.00% 22 April 2016 15 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Moldova 0.04% 21 September 2016 20 June 2017 20 July 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Monaco 0.00% 22 April 2016 24 October 2016 23 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Mongolia 0.05% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Montenegro 0.01% 22 April 2016 20 December 2017 19 January 2018
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Morocco 0.16% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Mozambique 0.02% 22 April 2016 4 June 2018 4 July 2018
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Myanmar 0.10% 22 April 2016 19 September 2017 19 October 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Namibia 0.01% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Nauru 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement    Nepal 0.07% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Netherlands 0.53% 22 April 2016 28 July 2017 27 August 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  New Zealand 0.22% 22 April 2016 4 October 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Nicaragua 0.03% 23 October 2017 22 November 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Niger 0.04% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Nigeria 0.57% 22 September 2016 16 May 2017 15 June 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Niue 0.01% 28 October 2016 28 October 2016 27 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  North Korea 0.23% 22 April 2016 1 August 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  North Macedonia 0.03% 22 April 2016 9 January 2018 8 February 2018
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Norway 0.14% 22 April 2016 20 June 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Oman 0.06% 22 April 2016 22 May 2019 21 June 2019
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Pakistan 0.43% 22 April 2016 10 November 2016 10 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Palau 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Palestine N/A 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Panama 0.03% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Papua New Guinea 0.01% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Paraguay 0.06% 22 April 2016 14 October 2016 13 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Peru 0.22% 22 April 2016 25 July 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Philippines 0.34% 22 April 2016 23 March 2017 22 April 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Poland 1.06% 22 April 2016 7 October 2016 6 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Portugal 0.18% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Qatar 0.17% 22 April 2016 23 June 2017 23 July 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Romania 0.30% 22 April 2016 1 June 2017 1 July 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Russia 7.53% 22 April 2016 7 October 2019 6 November 2019
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Rwanda 0.02% 22 April 2016 6 October 2016 5 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Saint Lucia 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.00% 22 April 2016 29 June 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Samoa 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  San Marino 0.00% 22 April 2016 26 September 2018 26 October 2018
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  São Tomé and Príncipe 0.00% 22 April 2016 2 November 2016 2 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Saudi Arabia 0.80% 3 November 2016 3 November 2016 3 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Senegal 0.05% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Serbia 0.18% 22 April 2016 25 July 2017 24 August 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Seychelles 0.00% 25 April 2016 29 April 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Sierra Leone 0.98% 22 September 2016 1 November 2016 1 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Singapore 0.13% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Slovakia 0.12% 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Slovenia 0.05% 22 April 2016 16 December 2016 15 January 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Solomon Islands 0.00% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Somalia N/A 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  South Africa 1.46% 22 April 2016 1 November 2016 1 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  South Korea 1.85% 22 April 2016 3 November 2016 3 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  South Sudan N/A 22 April 2016 23 February 2021 25 March 2021
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Spain 0.87% 22 April 2016 12 January 2017 11 February 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Sri Lanka 0.05% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Sudan 0.18% 22 April 2016 2 August 2017 1 September 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Suriname 0.01% 22 April 2016 13 February 2019 15 March 2019
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Sweden 0.15% 22 April 2016 13 October 2016 12 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement   Switzerland 0.14% 22 April 2016 6 October 2017 5 November 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Syria 0.21% 13 November 2017 13 December 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Tanzania 0.11% 22 April 2016 18 May 2018 17 June 2018
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Tajikistan 0.02% 22 April 2016 22 March 2017 21 April 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Thailand 0.64% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Togo 0.02% 19 September 2016 28 June 2017 28 July 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Tonga 0.00% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Trinidad and Tobago 0.04% 22 April 2016 22 February 2018 24 March 2018
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Tunisia 0.11% 22 April 2016 10 February 2017 12 March 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Turkey 1.24% 22 April 2016 11 October 2021 10 November 2021
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Turkmenistan 0.20% 23 September 2016 20 October 2016 19 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Tuvalu 0.00% 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Uganda 0.07% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Ukraine 1.04% 22 April 2016 19 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  United Arab Emirates 0.53% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  United Kingdom 1.55% 22 April 2016 18 November 2016 18 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  United States 17.89% 22 April 2016 3 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Uruguay 0.05% 22 April 2016 19 October 2016 18 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Uzbekistan 0.54% 19 April 2017 9 November 2018 9 December 2018
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Vanuatu 0.00% 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Venezuela 0.52% 22 April 2016 21 July 2017 20 August 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Vietnam 0.72% 22 April 2016 3 November 2016 3 December 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Zambia 0.04% 20 September 2016 9 December 2016 8 January 2017
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Zimbabwe 0.18% 22 April 2016 7 August 2017 6 September 2017
Total 98.63% 195

European Union and its member states

Both the EU and its member states are individually responsible for ratifying the Paris Agreement. A strong preference was reported that the EU and its 28 member states deposit their instruments of ratification at the same time to ensure that neither the EU nor its member states engage themselves to fulfilling obligations that strictly belong to the other, and there were fears that disagreement over each individual member state's share of the EU-wide reduction target, as well as Britain's vote to leave the EU might delay the Paris pact. However, the European Parliament approved ratification of the Paris Agreement on 4 October 2016, and the EU deposited its instruments of ratification on 5 October 2016, along with several individual EU member states.

Withdrawal from Agreement

Article 28 of the agreement enables parties to withdraw from the agreement after sending a withdrawal notification to the depositary, but notice can be given no earlier than three years after the agreement goes into force for the country. Withdrawal is effective one year after the depositary is notified. Alternatively, the Agreement stipulates that withdrawal from the UNFCCC, under which the Paris Agreement was adopted, would also withdraw the state from the Paris Agreement. The conditions for withdrawal from the UNFCCC are the same as for the Paris Agreement. In the agreement no provisions for non compliance are stated.

On 1 June 2017, then-US President Donald Trump announced that the United States would withdraw from the agreement. In accordance with Article 28, as the agreement entered into force in the United States on 4 November 2016, the earliest possible effective withdrawal date for the United States was 4 November 2020. If it had chosen to withdraw by way of withdrawing from the UNFCCC, notice could be given immediately (the UNFCCC entered into force for the US in 1994), and be effective one year later. On August 4, 2017, the Trump administration delivered an official notice to the United Nations that the US intended to withdraw from the Paris Agreement as soon as it is legally eligible to do so. The formal notice of withdrawal could not be submitted until the agreement had been in force for 3 years for the US, in 2019.

According to a memo obtained by HuffPost believed to be written by US State Department legal office, any "attempts to withdraw from the Paris Agreement outside of the above-described withdrawal provisions would be inconsistent with international law and would not be accepted internationally."

On 4 November 2019, the United States notified the depositary of its withdrawal from the agreement, to be effective exactly one year from that date. In one of his first executive actions, President Joe Biden signed an order that would have the United States rejoin the agreement.

He was greeted by French President Emmanuel Macron with a "Welcome back to the Paris Agreement!"

Signatories

A further three states have signed but not ratified the Paris Agreement.

Signatory Percentage of greenhouse
gases for ratification 		Date of signature
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Iran 1.30% 22 April 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Libya N/A 22 April 2016
List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement  Yemen 0.07% 23 September 2016
Total 1.38% 3

Notes and references

Notes

References

Tags:

List Of Parties To The Paris Agreement HistoryList Of Parties To The Paris Agreement PartiesList Of Parties To The Paris Agreement Withdrawal from AgreementList Of Parties To The Paris Agreement SignatoriesList Of Parties To The Paris Agreement Notes and referencesList Of Parties To The Paris Agreement

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