List Of Human Cell Types Derived From The Germ Layers
This is a list of cells in humans derived from the three embryonic germ layers – ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
Cells derived from ectoderm
Surface ectoderm
Skin
Anterior pituitary
Tooth enamel
Neural crest
Peripheral nervous system
Neuroendocrine system
Skin
Teeth
Eyes
Neural tube
Central nervous system
- Neuron
- Glia
- Astrocyte
- Ependymocytes
- Muller glia (retina)
- Oligodendrocyte
- Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
- Pituicyte (posterior pituitary)
Pineal gland
Cells derived from mesoderm
Paraxial mesoderm
Mesenchymal stem cell
Osteochondroprogenitor cell
- Bone (Osteoblast → Osteocyte)
- Cartilage (Chondroblast → Chondrocyte)
Myofibroblast
- Fat
- Muscle
- Other
Other
- Digestive system
Intermediate mesoderm
Renal stem cell
- Angioblast → Endothelial cell
- Mesangial cell
- Juxtaglomerular cell
- Macula densa cell
- Stromal cell → Interstitial cell → Telocytes
- Simple epithelial cell → Podocyte
- Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell
Reproductive system
- Sertoli cell
- Leydig cell
- Granulosa cell
- Peg cell
- Germ cells (which migrate here primordially)
Lateral plate mesoderm
Hematopoietic stem cell
Circulatory system
- Endothelial progenitor cell
- Endothelial colony forming cell
- Endothelial stem cell
- Angioblast/Mesoangioblast
- Pericyte
- Mural cell
Body cavities
Cells derived from endoderm
Foregut
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Stomach
Intestine
Liver
Gallbladder
Exocrine component of pancreas
Islets of Langerhans
- alpha cell
- beta cell
- delta cell
- PP cell (F cell, gamma cell)
- epsilon cell
Pharyngeal pouch
- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid gland
Hindgut/cloaca
See also
References
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