List Of Heads Of State Of Panama
This article lists the heads of state of Panama since the short-lived first independence from the Republic of New Granada in 1840 and the final separation from Colombia in 1903.
| President of the Republic of Panama | |
|---|---|
| Presidente de la República de Panamá | |
 Presidential standard | |
 Coat of arms of Panama | |
| Residence | Palacio de las Garzas, Panama City |
| Term length | Five years, renewable once non-consecutively |
| Precursor | Martín Torrijos |
| Inaugural holder | Manuel Amador Guerrero |
| Formation | 20 February 1904 |
| Deputy | Vice President of Panama |
| Salary | 7,000 USD per month |
| Website | Presidencia de la República |
Free State of the Isthmus (1840–1841)
| No. | Portrait | President (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| 1 |  | Juan López (1823–1874) | 18 November 1840 | 20 March 1841 | 122 days | Superior Civil Chief |
| 2 |  | Tomás de Herrera (1804–1854) | 20 March 1841 | 8 June 1841 | 80 days | Superior Chief of State |
| (2) | 8 June 1841 | 31 December 1841 | 206 days | President | ||
Republic of Panama (1903–present)
President of the Municipal Council of Panama and de facto President (1903)
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Political Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| 3 |  | Demetrio H. Brid (1859–1917) | 3 November 1903 | 4 November 1903 | 1 day | Conservative Party |
Members of the Provisional Government Junta (1903–1904)
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Political Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| 4 |  | José Agustín Arango (1841–1909) | 4 November 1903 | 20 February 1904 | 108 days | National Liberal Party |
| 5 |  | Tomás Arias (1856–1932) | Independent | |||
| 6 |  | Federico Boyd (1851–1924) | National Liberal Party | |||
| 7 |  | Manuel Espinosa Batista (1857–1919) | 9 November 1903 | 7 December 1903 | 28 days | National Liberal Party |
Presidents of Panama (1904–present)
| No. | Portrait | President (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Political Party | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
| 1 |  | Manuel Amador Guerrero (1833–1909) | 1904 | 20 February 1904 | 23 June 1907 | 3 years, 123 days | Conservative Party | |
| 2 |  | José Domingo de Obaldía (1845–1910) | — | 24 June 1907 | 27 December 1907 | 186 days | National Liberal Party | |
| (1) | | Manuel Amador Guerrero (1833–1909) | — | 29 December 1907 | 1 October 1908 | 277 days | Conservative Party | |
| (2) | | José Domingo de Obaldía (1845–1910) | 1908 | 1 October 1908 | 1 March 1910 | 1 year, 151 days | National Liberal Party | Died in office. |
| — |  | Carlos Antonio Mendoza (1856–1916) | — | 1 March 1910 | 1 October 1910 | 214 days | National Liberal Party | Acting President. |
| — | | Federico Boyd (1851–1924) | — | 1 October 1910 | 5 October 1910 | 4 days | National Liberal Party | Acting President. |
| — |  | Pablo Arosemena (1836–1920) | — | 5 October 1910 | 1 October 1912 | 1 year, 362 days | National Liberal Party | Acting President. |
| 3 |  | Belisario Porras Barahona (1856–1942) | 1912 | 1 October 1912 | 1 October 1916 | 4 years | National Liberal Party | First tenure. |
| 4 |  | Ramón Maximiliano Valdés (1867–1918) | 1916 | 1 October 1916 | 3 June 1918 | 1 year, 245 days | National Liberal Party | Died in office. |
| — |  | Ciro Luis Urriola (1863–1922) | — | 3 June 1918 | 1 October 1918 | 120 days | National Liberal Party | Acting President. |
| — |  | Pedro Antonio Díaz (1852–1919) | — | 1 October 1918 | 12 October 1918 | 11 days | Conservative Party | Acting President. |
| (3) | | Belisario Porras Barahona (1856–1942) | 1918 | 12 October 1918 | 30 January 1920 | 1 year, 110 days | National Liberal Party | Second tenure. |
| — |  | Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre (1876–1922) | — | 30 January 1920 | 1 October 1920 | 245 days | National Liberal Party | Acting President. |
| (3) | | Belisario Porras Barahona (1856–1942) | 1920 | 1 October 1920 | 1 October 1924 | 4 years | National Liberal Party | Third tenure. |
| 5 |  | Rodolfo Chiari (1869–1937) | 1924 | 1 October 1924 | 1 October 1928 | 4 years | National Liberal Party | |
| 6 |  | Florencio Harmodio Arosemena (1872–1945) | 1928 | 1 October 1928 | 3 January 1931 | 2 years, 94 days | National Liberal Party | Deposed in a coup d'état. |
| — |  | Harmodio Arias Madrid (1886–1963) | — | 3 January 1931 | 16 January 1931 | 13 days | Independent | Acting President. |
| 7 |  | Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované (1882–1971) | — | 16 January 1931 | 5 June 1932 | 1 year, 141 days | National Liberal Party | |
| 8 | | Harmodio Arias Madrid (1886–1963) | 1932 | 5 June 1932 | 1 October 1936 | 4 years, 118 days | National Revolutionary Party | |
| 9 |  | Juan Demóstenes Arosemena (1879–1939) | 1936 | 1 October 1936 | 16 December 1939 | 3 years, 76 days | National Liberal Party | Died in office. |
| — |  | Ezequiel Fernández (1886–1946) | — | 16 December 1939 | 18 December 1939 | 2 days | National Revolutionary Party | Acting President. |
| — |  | Augusto Samuel Boyd (1879–1957) | — | 18 December 1939 | 1 October 1940 | 288 days | National Revolutionary Party | Acting President. |
| 10 |  | Arnulfo Arias (1901–1988) | 1940 | 1 October 1940 | 9 October 1941 | 1 year, 8 days | National Revolutionary Party | First tenure. Deposed in a coup d'état. |
| 11 |  | Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango (1899–1969) | — | 9 October 1941 | 15 June 1945 | 3 years, 249 days | Independent | |
| — | .jpg) | Enrique Adolfo Jiménez (1888–1970) | 1945 | 15 June 1945 | 7 August 1948 | 3 years, 53 days | National Liberal Party | Provisional President. |
| 12 |  | Domingo Díaz Arosemena (1875–1949) | 1948 | 7 August 1948 | 28 July 1949 | 355 days | National Liberal Party | Resigned after a heart attack, and died less than a month later. |
| 13 | | Daniel Chanis Pinzón (1892–1961) | — | 28 July 1949 | 20 November 1949 | 115 days | National Liberal Party | |
| 14 |  | Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón (1905–1981) | — | 20 November 1949 | 24 November 1949 | 4 days | National Liberal Party | First tenure. |
| (10) | | Arnulfo Arias (1901–1988) | — | 24 November 1949 | 9 May 1951 | 1 year, 166 days | Panameñista Party | Second tenure. |
| 15 | | Alcibíades Arosemena (1883–1958) | — | 9 May 1951 | 1 October 1952 | 1 year, 145 days | Authentic Revolutionary Party | |
| 16 | | José Antonio Remón Cantera (1908–1955) | 1952 | 1 October 1952 | 2 January 1955 | 2 years, 93 days | National Patriotic Coalition | Assassinated. |
| 17 | | José Ramón Guizado (1899–1964) | — | 2 January 1955 | 29 March 1955 | 86 days | National Patriotic Coalition | |
| 18 |  | Ricardo Arias (1912–1993) | — | 29 March 1955 | 1 October 1956 | 1 year, 186 days | National Patriotic Coalition | |
| 19 | | Ernesto de la Guardia (1904–1983) | 1956 | 1 October 1956 | 1 October 1960 | 4 years | National Patriotic Coalition | |
| (14) |  | Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón (1905–1981) | 1960 | 1 October 1960 | 17 March 1963 | 2 years, 167 days | National Liberal Party | Second tenure. |
| — | | Bernardino González Ruiz (1911–2012) | — | 17 March 1963 | 23 March 1963 | 6 days | Democratic Action Party | Acting president. |
| (14) | | Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón (1905–1981) | — | 23 March 1963 | 1 October 1964 | 1 year, 192 days | National Liberal Party | Second tenure. |
| 20 | | Marco Aurelio Robles (1908–1990) | 1964 | 1 October 1964 | 1 October 1968 | 4 years | National Liberal Party | |
| (10) | .jpg) | Arnulfo Arias (1901–1988) | 1968 | 1 October 1968 | 11 October 1968 | 10 days | Panameñista Party | Third tenure. Deposed in a coup d'état. |
| — | | José María Pinilla Fábrega (1919–1979) | — | 12 October 1968 | 18 December 1969 | 1 year, 67 days | Military (National Guard) | Chairman of the Provisional Junta. |
| 21 | | Colonel Bolívar Urrutia Parrilla (1918–2005) | Military (National Guard) | President. | ||||
| — | .jpg) | Demetrio B. Lakas (1925–1999) | — | 19 December 1969 | 11 October 1972 | 2 years, 297 days | Independent | Chairman of the Provisional Junta to 11 October 1972. |
| 22 | 1972 | 11 October 1972 | 11 October 1978 | 6 years | ||||
| 23 | _(cropped).jpg) | Aristides Royo (born 1940) | 1978 | 11 October 1978 | 31 July 1982 | 3 years, 293 days | Democratic Revolutionary Party | |
| 24 |  | Ricardo de la Espriella (born 1934) | — | 31 July 1982 | 13 February 1984 | 1 year, 197 days | Democratic Revolutionary Party | |
| 25 |  | Jorge Illueca (1918–2012) | — | 13 February 1984 | 11 October 1984 | 241 days | Independent | |
| 26 |  | Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino (born 1938) | 1984 | 11 October 1984 | 28 September 1985 | 352 days | Democratic Revolutionary Party | |
| — |  | Eric Arturo Delvalle (1937–2015) | — | 28 September 1985 | 26 February 1988 | 2 years, 151 days | Republican Party | Acting President. |
| — | | Manuel Solís Palma (1917–2009) | — | 26 February 1988 | 1 September 1989 | 1 year, 187 days | Democratic Revolutionary Party | Acting President. |
| — | | Francisco Rodríguez (born 1938) | — | 1 September 1989 | 20 December 1989 | 110 days | Democratic Revolutionary Party | Provisional President. Served at the time of the 1989 coup attempt. Deposed in the US invasion. |
| 27 |  | Guillermo Endara (1936–2009) | 1989 | 20 December 1989 | 1 September 1994 | 4 years, 255 days | Panameñista Party | |
| 28 | .jpg) | Ernesto Pérez Balladares (born 1946) | 1994 | 1 September 1994 | 1 September 1999 | 5 years | Democratic Revolutionary Party | |
| 29 |  | Mireya Moscoso (born 1946) | 1999 | 1 September 1999 | 1 September 2004 | 5 years | Panameñista Party | Widow of Arnulfo Arias. |
| 30 |  | Martín Torrijos (born 1963) | 2004 | 1 September 2004 | 1 July 2009 | 4 years, 303 days | Democratic Revolutionary Party | Son of Omar Torrijos. |
| 31 |  | Ricardo Martinelli (born 1952) | 2009 | 1 July 2009 | 1 July 2014 | 5 years | Democratic Change | |
| 32 | .jpg) | Juan Carlos Varela (born 1963) | 2014 | 1 July 2014 | 1 July 2019 | 5 years | Panameñista Party | |
| 33 | .jpg) | Laurentino Cortizo (born 1953) | 2019 | 1 July 2019 | Incumbent (Term ends on 1 July 2024) | 4 years, 303 days | Democratic Revolutionary Party | |
Military leaders of Panama (1968–1989)
From 1968 to 1989 a military junta exerted actual control over the country and nominated the president, who himself held little power. The following individuals were leaders of the junta.
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Military affiliation | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
| 1 |  | Brigadier-General Omar Torrijos (1929–1981) | 11 October 1968 | 31 July 1981 | 12 years, 293 days | National Guard | Assumed power in the 1968 coup d'état. Styled as Maximum Leader of the Panamanian Revolution from 11 October 1968. Killed in an air crash. |
| 2 | | Colonel Rubén Darío Paredes (born 1933) | 3 March 1982 | 12 August 1983 | 1 year, 162 days | National Guard | |
| 3 |  | General Manuel Noriega (1934–2017) | 12 August 1983 | 20 December 1989 | 6 years, 130 days | National Guard | Styled as Maximum Leader of the National Liberation from 15 December 1989. Deposed in the US invasion. |
| Panama Defense Forces (from 29 September 1983.) | |||||||
Timeline
Latest election
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laurentino Cortizo | Democratic Revolutionary Party | 655,302 | 33.35 | |
| Rómulo Roux | Democratic Change | 609,003 | 31.00 | |
| Ricardo Lombana | Independent | 368,962 | 18.78 | |
| José Blandón | Panameñista Party | 212,931 | 10.84 | |
| Ana Matilde Gómez | Independent | 93,631 | 4.77 | |
| Saúl Méndez | Broad Front for Democracy | 13,540 | 0.69 | |
| Marco Ameglio | Independent | 11,408 | 0.58 | |
| Total | 1,964,777 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 1,964,777 | 97.58 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 48,656 | 2.42 | ||
| Total votes | 2,013,433 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,757,823 | 73.01 | ||
| Source: Election Tribunal | ||||
See also
References
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