Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae

In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus classified the arthropods, including insects, arachnids and crustaceans, among his class Insecta.

Butterflies and moths were brought together under the name Lepidoptera. Linnaeus divided the group into three genera – Papilio, Sphinx and Phalaena. The first two, together with the seven subdivisions of the third, are now used as the basis for nine superfamily names: Papilionoidea, Sphingoidea, Bombycoidea, Noctuoidea, Geometroidea, Tortricoidea, Pyraloidea, Tineoidea and Alucitoidea.

Themes

When naming the nearly 200 species of butterflies known to him at the time, Linnaeus used names from classical mythology as specific names. These were thematically arranged into six groups, and were drawn from classical sources including the Fabulae of Gaius Julius Hyginus and Pliny the Elder's Naturalis Historia. The first such group was the Equites, or knights, which were divided into the Equites Trojani (Trojan army) and Equites Achivi (Achaean army), and between them named most of the figures involved in the Trojan War. The second group was the Heliconii, comprising Apollo and Muses. The third group was the Danai, divided into the Danai Candidi and the Danai Festivi, representing the Danaids and their husbands. The fourth group was the Nymphales, or nymphs, divided into the Nymphales gemmati and the Nymphales phalerati, on the basis of the insects' wing markings. The fifth group, the Plebeji, were divided into Plebeji Rurales and Plebeji Urbicolae. There is little thematic connection between their names. The final group was the Barbari, or Argonauts.

Papilio (butterflies)

Equites Trojani

Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
The name of Graphium agamemnon (originally Papilio agamemnon) commemorates Agamemnon.

Equites Achivi

Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
The Old World swallowtail was named Papilio machaon, after Machaon.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
The common lime was named Papilio demoleus in 1758.

Heliconii

Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
The Apollo was named Papilio apollo, after Apollo.

Danai candidi

Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
The black-veined white was named Papilio crataegi after the hawthorn bushes it feeds on.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
The round-winged orange tip was named Papilio euippe, after Euippe.

Danai festivi

Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
The small heath was named Papilio pamphilus, after Pamphilus.

Nymphales gemmati

Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Junonia lemonias was named Papilio lemonias in 1758.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
The large wall was named Papilio maera in 1758.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
The purple emperor was named Papilio iris, after Iris.
Linnaeus gave two names to the seasonally polyphenic map butterfly.
The spring generation was named Papilio levana.
The summer generations were named Papilio prorsa.

Nymphales phalerati

Plebeji rurales

Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
The silver-studded blue was named Papilio argus in 1758.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
The scarce copper was named Papilio virgaureae in 1758.

Plebeji urbicolae

Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
The grizzled skipper was named Papilio malvae in 1758.
  • Papilio commaHesperia comma
  • Papilio proteusUrbanus proteus, long-tailed skipper
  • Papilio phidiasPyrrhopyge phidias
  • Papilio bixaePyrrhopyge phidias
  • Papilio polycletusHypochrysops polycletus
  • Papilio malvaePyrgus malvae, grizzled skipper
  • Papilio tagesErynnis tages, dingy skipper

Barbari

Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Neptis hylas was named Papilio hylas, after Hylas.

Sphinx (hawk moths)

Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Macroglossum stellatarum, the hummingbird hawk moth, was named Sphinx stellatarum in 1758.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Hyles euphorbiae, the spurge hawk moth (caterpillar pictured), was named Sphinx euphorbiae in 1758.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Zygaena filipendulae, the six-spot burnet moth (Zygaenidae) was included among the hawk moths of the genus Sphinx in 1758.

Phalaena (moths)

Bombyces

Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
The puss moth Cerura vinula was described as Phalaena vinula in 1758.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Arctia caja was described as Phalaena caja in 1758.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Clostera curtula was described as Phalaena curtula in 1758.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Calliteara pudibunda was described as Phalaena pudibunda in 1758.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Notodonta ziczac was described as Phalaena ziczac in 1758.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
The Luna moth Actias luna was described in 1758.

Noctuae

Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Xyleutes strix was described as Phalaena strix in 1758.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Callimorpha dominula was described as Phalaena dominula in 1758.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Tyria jacobaeae was described as Phalaena jacobaeae in 1758.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
The angle shades moth, Phlogophora meticulosa, was described as Phalaena meticulosa in 1758.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Orthosia gothica was described as Phalaena gothica in 1758.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Aedia leucomelas was described as Phalaena leucomelas in 1758.

Geometrae

Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Eurrhypara hortulata was described as Phalaena hortulata in 1758.

Tortrices

Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Agapeta hamana was described as Phalaena hamana in 1758.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Eulia ministrana was described as Phalaena ministrana in 1758.
Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Epinotia solandriana was described as Phalaena solandriana in 1758.

Pyrales

Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Pyrausta purpuralis was described as Phalaena purpualis in 1758.

Tineae

Alucitae

Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae 
Geina didactyla was described as Phalaena didactyla in 1758.

Footnotes

References

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Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae ThemesLepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae Papilio (butterflies)Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae Sphinx (hawk moths)Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae Phalaena (moths)Lepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema Naturae FootnotesLepidoptera In The 10Th Edition Of Systema NaturaeAlucitoideaArachnidArthropodBombycoideaButterflyCarl LinnaeusCrustaceanGeometroideaInsectLepidopteraMothNoctuoideaPapilionoideaPyraloideaSphingoideaTineoideaTortricoidea

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