Kashinawa (also spelled Kaxinawá, Kashinawa, Kaxynawa, Caxinawa, Caxinawá, and Cashinahua), or Hantxa Kuin (Hãtxa Kuĩ), is an indigenous American language of western South America which belongs to the Panoan language family.
It is spoken by about 1,600 Kaxinawá in Peru, along the Curanja and the Purus Rivers, and in Brazil by 400 Kaxinawá in the state of Acre.
Kashinawa | |
---|---|
Kashinawa of the Ibuaçu River | |
Native to | Peru, Brazil |
Ethnicity | Kaxinawá people |
Native speakers | 1,200 (2003–2007) |
Panoan
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | cbs |
Glottolog | cash1254 |
ELP | Cashinahua |
About five to ten percent of speakers have some Spanish language proficiency, while forty percent are literate and twenty to thirty percent are literate in Spanish as a second language.
Dialects are Brazilian Kashinawa, Peruvian Kashinawa, and the extinct Juruá Kapanawa (Capanahua of the Juruá River) and Paranawa.
Front | Central | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Close | oral | i ⟨i⟩ | ɨ ⟨e⟩ | u~ʊ~o ⟨u⟩ |
nasal | ĩ ⟨ĩ⟩ | ɨ̃ ⟨ẽ⟩ | ũ~õ ⟨ũ⟩ | |
Open | oral | a ⟨a⟩ | ||
nasal | ã ⟨ã⟩ |
Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | |||||
Plosive | voiceless | p ⟨p⟩ | t ⟨t⟩ | k ⟨k⟩ | ʔ ⟨’⟩ | ||
voiced | b ⟨b⟩ | d ⟨d⟩ | |||||
Fricative | s ⟨s⟩ | ʂ ⟨x/shr⟩ | ʃ ⟨x/sh⟩ | h ⟨j/h⟩ | |||
Affricate | t͡s ⟨ts⟩ | t͡ʃ ⟨ch⟩ | |||||
Approximant | w~β ⟨v/w⟩ | j ⟨y⟩ |
A dictionary has been compiled and published since 1980.[citation needed]
The Roman alphabet is used. There is an interrogative punctuation mark different from the question mark.
Articles and adjectives are placed after nouns. There are seven prefixes and five suffixes.
This article uses material from the Wikipedia English article Kashinawa language, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license ("CC BY-SA 3.0"); additional terms may apply (view authors). Content is available under CC BY-SA 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
®Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wiki Foundation, Inc. Wiki English (DUHOCTRUNGQUOC.VN) is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wiki Foundation.