Janata Dal

Janata Dal

जनता दल
Janata Dal जनता दल
Abbreviation	JD
Founder	V. P. Singh
Founded	11 October 1988 (35 years ago)
Dissolved	1999
Merger of	Jan Morcha; Lok Dal; Janata Party factions; Indian National Congress (Jagjivan); Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani;
Succeeded by	Samata Party; Samajwadi Janata Party; Rashtriya Lok Morcha; Janata Dal (Secular); Janata Dal (United); Rashtriya Janata Dal; Biju Janata Dal; Samajwadi Party; Loktantrik Janata Dal; Indian National Lok Dal; Rashtriya Lok Dal; Lok Janshakti Party;
National affiliation	National Front (1988–1996); United Front (1996–1998);
Colours	Green
	Politics of India; Political parties; Elections;

P. Singh">V. P. Singh.

History

V. P. Singh united the entire disparate spectrum of parties ranging from regional parties such as the Telugu Desam Party, the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, and the Asom Gana Parishad, together and formed the National Front with N. T. Rama Rao as Indian Election History President and V. P. Singh as convenor. The front also included outside support from the right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party and the left-wing Left Front, led by the Communist Party of India and Communist Party of India (Marxist). They defeated Rajiv Gandhi's Congress (I) in the 1989 parliamentary elections. His government fell after Lalu Prasad Yadav got Advani arrested in Samastipur and stopped his Ram Rath Yatra, which was going to Ayodhya on the site of the Babri Masjid on October 23, 1990, and the Bharatiya Janata Party withdrew support. V. P. Singh lost a parliamentary vote of confidence on November 7, 1990.In the 1991 Indian general election the Janata Dal lost power but emerged as the third largest party in Lok Sabha. The Janata Dal-led United Front formed the government after the 1996 Indian general election with the outside support of the Indian National Congress. However, after this the Janata Dal gradually disintegrated into various smaller factions, which largely became regional parties such as Biju Janata Dal, Rashtriya Janata Dal, Janata Dal (Secular) and Janata Dal (United).

Ascent to power

It first came to power in 1989, after cases of corruption, known as the Bofors scandal, caused Rajiv Gandhi's Congress (I) to lose the elections. The National Front coalition that was formed consisted of the Janata Dal and a few smaller parties in the government, and had outside support from the Left Front and the Bharatiya Janata Party. V. P. Singh was the prime minister. In November 1990, this coalition collapsed, and a new government headed by Chandra Shekhar under Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) which had the support of the congress came to power for a short while. Two days before the vote, Chandra Shekhar, an ambitious Janata Dal rival who had been kept out of the National Front government, joined with Devi Lal, a former deputy prime minister under V. P. Singh, to form the Samajwadi Janata Party, with a total of just sixty Lok Sabha members. The day after the collapse of the National Front government, Chandra Shekhar informed the president that by gaining the backing of the Congress (I) and its electoral allies he enjoyed the support of 280 members of the Lok Sabha, and he demanded the right to constitute a new government. Even though his rump party accounted for only one-ninth of the members of the Lok Sabha, Chandra Shekhar succeeded in forming a new minority Government and becoming Prime Minister (with Devi Lal as deputy prime minister). However, Chandra Shekhar's government fell less than four months later, after the Congress (I) withdrew its support.

Its second spell of power began in 1996, when the Janata Dal-led United Front coalition came to power, with outside support from the congress under Sitaram Kesri, choosing H. D. Deve Gowda as their prime minister. The Congress withdrew their support in less than a year, after the H. D. Deve Gowda Government restarted probing the corruption cases against a lot of Congress leaders, hoping to gain power with the support of various United Front constituent groups, and I. K. Gujral became the next prime minister. His government too fell in a few months, and in February 1998, the Janata Dal-led coalition lost power to the Bharatiya Janata Party in General Elections.

List of prime ministers

No.	Prime ministers	Year	Duration	Constituency
1	Vishwanath Pratap Singh	1989 – 1990	343 days	Fatehpur
2	H. D. Deve Gowda	1996 – 1997	324 days	— (Rajya Sabha MP) from Karnataka
3	Inder Kumar Gujral	1997 – 1998	332 days	— (Rajya Sabha MP) from Bihar

Electoral records

Electoral Performance
Year	Seats won		Votes
1989 Indian general election	143	143	53,518,521	53,518,521
1991 Indian general election	59	84	32,628,400	2,08,90,121
1996 Indian general election	46	13	27,070,340	55,58,060
1998 Indian general election	6	40	11,930,209	1,51,40,131
Party Disintegrated

Vice President of India

Krishan Kant

Party Presidents

V P Singh (1989-1997)

Sharad Yadav (1997-1999)

National Units

Thakur Ji Pathak (1989 – 1994)- National General Secretary

State Units

Uttar pradesh

Anantram Jaiswal (1983)

Karnataka

Presidents

B. Rachaiah (1989)

Siddaramaiah (Feb 1999)

C. Byre Gowda (July 1999)

General Secretary

Jeevaraj Alva (1989-1990)

C. Narayanaswamy (1999)

Tamil Nadu

President

Sivaji Ganesan

Janata Dal factions

References

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