Modern science is typically divided into three major branches that consist of the natural sciences (biology, chemistry, physics, astronomy and Earth science), which study nature in the broadest sense; the social sciences (e.g. psychology, sociology, economics, history) which study people and societies; and the formal sciences (e.g. mathematics, logic, theoretical computer science), which study abstract concepts. There is disagreement, however, on the formal sciences being a science as they do not rely on empirical evidence. Disciplines that use science, such as engineering and medicine, are described as applied sciences.
A
B
- Bacteriology – study of bacteria.
- Balneology – science of the therapeutic use of baths.
- Batrachology – study of frogs.
- Barodynamics – science of the support and mechanics of bridges.
- Barology – study of gravitational force.
- Bathymetry – study of underwater depth of ocean floors or lake floors.
- Batology – the study of brambles.
- Bibliology – study of books.
- Bibliotics – study of documents to determine authenticity.
- Bioecology – study of interaction of life in the environment.
- Biogeochemistry – study of chemistry of the surface of the Earth.
- Biology – study of life.
- Biochemistry – study of chemical processes within and relating to living organism.
- Biomechanics – study of the structure, function and motion of the mechanical aspects of biological systems.
- Biometrics – study of biological measurement for security purposes.
- Bionomics – study of organisms interacting in their environments.
- Biophysics – study of physics of biological phenomena.
- Biopsychology – application of the science of biology to the study of psychology.
- Biotribology – study of friction, wear and lubrication of biological systems.
- Botany – study of plants.
- Bromatology – study of food.
- Bryology – study of mosses and liverworts.
C
- Cacogenics – study of racial degeneration.
- Caliology – study of bird's nests.
- Calorifics – study of heat.
- Cambistry – science of international exchange.
- Campanology – study of bells.
- Carcinology – study of crabs and other crustaceans.
- Cardiology – study of the heart.
- Caricology – study of sedges.
- Carpology – study of fruit.
- Cartography – science of making maps and globes.
- Castrametation – art of designing a camp.
- Catacoustics – science of echoes or reflected sounds.
- Catallactics – science of commercial exchange.
- Catechectics – art of teaching by question and answer.
- Celestial mechanics – study of motion of objects in outer space.
- Cell biology – study of the different structures and functions of both eukaryote and prokaryote cells.
- Cetology – study of whales and dolphins.
- Chalcography – art of engraving on copper or brass.
- Chalcotriptics – art of taking rubbings from ornamental brasses.
- Chaology – study of chaos or chaos theory.
- Characterology – study of development of character.
- Chemistry – study of properties and behaviours of substances.
- Chirocosmetics – beautifying the hands; art of manicure.
- Chirography – study of handwriting or penmanship.
- Chirology – study of the hands.
- Chiropody – medical science of feet.
- Chorology – science of the geographic description of anything.
- Chrematistics – study of wealth; political economy.
- Chromatics – study of color.
- Chronobiology – study of biological rhythms.
- Chrysology – study of precious metals.
- Ciselure – art of chasing metal.
- Classical mechanics – study of motion of macroscopic objects.
- Climatology – study of climate.
- Clinology – study of aging or individual decline after maturity.
- Codicology – study of manuscripts.
- Coleopterology – study of beetles and weevils.
- Cometology – study of comets.
- Computer science – study of processes that interact with data.
- Conchology – study of shells.
- Connectomics – study of connectomes.
- Contact mechanics – study of the deformation of solids that touch each other.
- Coprology – study of feces.
- Cosmetology – study of cosmetics.
- Cosmochemistry – study of the chemical composition of matter in the universe and the processes that led to those compositions.
- Cosmology – study of the universe.
- Craniology – study of the skull.
- Criminology – study of crime and criminals.
- Cryobiology – study of life under cold conditions.
- Cryptology – study of codes.
- Cryptozoology – study of animals for whose existence there is no conclusive proof.
- Ctetology – study of the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
- Cybernetics – study of circular causal processes (such as feedbacks).
- Cyclonology – study of tropical cyclones, e.g. hurricanes.
- Cynology – scientific study of dogs.
- Cytology – study of living cells.
D
- Dactyliology – study of rings.
- Dactylography – study of fingerprints.
- Dactylology – study of sign language.
- Deltiology – collection and study of picture postcards.
- Demography – study of population.
- Demology – study of human behaviour.
- Dendrochronology – study of tree rings.
- Dendrology – study of trees.
- Deontology – theory or study of moral obligation.
- Dermatoglyphics – study of skin patterns and fingerprints.
- Dermatology – study of skin.
- Desmology – study of ligaments.
- Diabology – study of devils.
- Diagraphics – art of making diagrams or drawings.
- Dialectology – study of dialects.
- Dietetics – study of prevention of health conditions and diseases through human nutrition and regulation of diet.
- Dioptrics – study of light refraction.
- Diplomatics – science of deciphering ancient writings and texts.
- Diplomatology – study of diplomats.
- Docimology – art of assaying.
- Dosiology – study of doses.
- Dynamics – study of forces and their effects on motion.
- Dysgenics – study of racial degeneration.
E
- Ecclesiology – study of church affairs.
- Eccrinology – study of excretion.
- Ecology – study of environment.
- Economics – study of material wealth (production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services).
- Edaphology – study of soils.
- Egyptology – study of ancient Egypt.
- Eidology – study of mental imagery.
- Ekistics – study of human settlement.
- Electrochemistry – study of relations between electricity and chemicals.
- Electrodynamics – study of the effects arising from the interactions of electric currents with magnets, with other currents, or with themselves.
- Electrology – study of electricity.
- Electrostatics – study of static electricity.
- Electromagnetism – study of electromagnetic force.
- Embryology – study of embryos
- Emetology – study of vomiting.
- Emmenology – study of menstruation.
- Endemiology – study of local diseases.
- Endocrinology – study of glands.
- Energetics – study of energy under transformation within various fields.
- Engineering studies – study of engineering.
- Enigmatology – study of enigmas (puzzles).
- Entomology – study of insects.
- Entozoology – study of parasites that live inside larger organisms.
- Enzymology – study of enzymes.
- Ephebiatrics – branch of medicine dealing with adolescence.
- Epidemiology – study of diseases and epidemics.
- Epileptology – study of epilepsy.
- Epistemology – study of grounds of knowledge.
- Eremology – study of deserts.
- Ergology – study of effects of work on humans.
- Ergonomics – study of people at work.
- Escapology – study of freeing oneself from constraints.
- Eschatology – study of death; final matters.
- Ethnobiology – study of dynamic relationships between peoples.
- Ethnobotany – study of a region's plants and their practical uses through the traditional knowledge of a local culture and people.
- Ethnogeny – study of origins of races or ethnic groups.
- Ethnochoreology – study of dances and its implication in culture.
- Ethnomusicology – study of comparative musical systems.
- Ethnology – study of cultures.
- Ethnomethodology – study of everyday communication and social interaction.
- Ethology – study of natural or biological character.
- Ethonomics – study of economic and ethical principles of a society.
- Etiology – science of causes, especially of disease.
- Etymology – study of origins of words.
- Euthenics – science concerned with improving living conditions.
- Exobiology – study of extraterrestrial life.
- Exoplanetology – study of exoplanets.
F
- Felinology – study of felines.
- Finance – science or study of money management.
- Floristry – art of cultivating and selling flowers.
- Fluid dynamics – study of flow of fluids.
- Fluid mechanics – study of fluids behaviour at rest and in motion.
- Fluid statics – study of fluids behaviour at rest.
- Fluviology – study of watercourses.
- Folkloristics – study of folklore and fables.
- Forestry – study of the creation, management, use, conservation, and repair of forests and associated resources.
- Fracture mechanics – study of the propagation of cracks in materials.
- Futurology – study of future.
G
- Garbology – study of garbage
- Gastroenterology – study of the digestive system
- Gastronomy – study of fine dining
- Gemmology – study of gems and jewels
- Gender Studies – study of gender
- Genealogy – study of descent of families
- Genesiology – study of reproduction and heredity
- Genetics – study of genes
- Geochemistry – study of chemistry of the Earth's crust
- Geochronology – study of measuring geological time
- Geography – study of surface of the earth and its inhabitants
- Geology – study of the rocks of a planet
- Geometry – study the sizes, shapes, positions, angles and dimensions of things.
- Geomorphogeny – study of the characteristics, origins, and development of land forms
- Geomorphology – study of landforms and landform evolution
- Geoponics – study of agriculture
- Geotechnics – study of increasing habitability of the Earth
- Geratology – study of decadence and decay
- Gerocomy – study of old age
- Gerontology – study of the elderly and aging
- Gigantology – study of giants
- Glaciology – study of ice ages and glaciation
- Glossology – study of language; study of the tongue
- Glyptography – art of engraving on gems
- Glyptology – study of gem engravings
- Gnomonics – the art of measuring time using sundials
- Gnosiology – study of knowledge; philosophy of knowledge
- Gnotobiology – study of life in germ-free conditions
- Graminology – study of grasses
- Grammatology – study of systems of writing
- Graphemics – study of systems of representing speech in writing
- Graphology – study of handwriting
- Gromatics – science of surveying
- Gynaecology – study of women's physiology
- Gyrostatics – study of rotating bodies
H
I
- Iamatology – study of remedies
- Iatrology – treatise or text on medical topics; study of medicine
- Iatromathematics – archaic practice of medicine in conjunction with astrology
- Ichnography – art of drawing ground plans; a ground plan
- Ichnology – science of fossilized footprints
- Ichthyology – study of fish
- Iconography – study of drawing symbols
- Iconology – study of icons; symbols
- Ideogeny – study of origins of ideas
- Ideology – science of ideas; system of ideas used to justify behaviour
- Idiomology – study of idiom, jargon or dialect
- Idiopsychology – study of the psychology of one's own mind
- Immunochemistry – study of chemistry of the immune system
- Immunogenetics – study of genetic characteristics of immunity
- Immunology – study of immunity
- Immunopathology – study of immunity to disease
- Information technology (IT) – study of the telecommunication and the use of computers
- Insectology – study of insects
- Irenology – study of peace
- Iridology – study of the iris; diagnosis of disease based on the iris of the eye
K
L
- Labeorphily – collection and study of beer bottle labels
- Larithmics – study of population statistics
- Laryngology – study of larynx
- Lepidopterology – study of butterflies and moths
- Leprology – study of leprosy
- Lexicology – study of words and their meanings
- Lexigraphy – art of definition of words
- Lichenology – study of lichens
- Library and information science – study of organization, access, collection, and protection/regulation of information, whether in physical or digital forms.
- Limacology – study of slugs
- Limnobiology – study of freshwater ecosystems
- Limnology – study of bodies of fresh water
- Linguistics – study of language
- Liturgiology – study of liturgical forms and church rituals
- Loimology – study of plagues and epidemics
- Loxodromy – study of sailing along rhumb-lines
- Ludology – study of games
M
N
- Naology – study of church or temple architecture
- Nasology – Parody nose classification
- Nautics – study and art of navigation
- Necroplanetology – study of the destruction of planets
- Nematology – study of nematodes
- Neonatology – study of newborn babies
- Neossology – study of nestling birds
- Nephology – study of clouds
- Nephrology – study of the kidneys
- Neurobiology – study of anatomy of the nervous system
- Neuroeconomics – study of human decision making and the ability to process multiple alternatives and to choose an optimal course of action
- Neurology – study of nervous system
- Neuropsychology – study of relation between brain and behaviour
- Neuroscience – study of development, work and structure of nervous system
- Neurypnology – study of hypnotism
- Neutrosophy – study of the origin and nature of philosophical neutralities
- Nomology – the science of the laws; especially of the mind
- Noology – science of the intellect
- Nosology – study of diseases
- Nostology – study of senility
- Notaphily – study and collecting of bank-notes and cheques
- Numerology – pseudoscientific study of numbers
- Numismatics – study of coins
- Nymphology – study of nymphs
- Nanotechnology – study of nanite
O
P
Q
- Quantum computing – the exploitation of collective properties of quantum states, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform computation.
- Quantum mechanics – a fundamental theory in physics which describes nature at the smallest scales of energy levels of atoms and subatomic particles
- Quantum physics – the study of matter and energy at the most fundamental level
- Queer theory – study of issues related to sexual orientation and gender identity
- Quinology – study of quinine.
R
- Raciology – study of racial differences
- Radiobiology – study of the scientific principles, mechanisms, and effects of the interaction of ionizing radiation with living matter
- Radiochemistry – study of ordinary chemical reactions under radioactive circumstances
- Radiology – study of X-rays and their medical applications
- Reflexology – study of reflexes
- Rheology – science of the deformation or flow of matter
- Rheumatology – study of rheumatism
- Rhinology – study of the nose
- Rhochrematics – science of inventory management and the movement of products
- Robotics – deals with the designing, construction, and operation of robots
- Runology – study of runes
S
T
- Taxidermy – art of curing and stuffing animals
- Taxonomy – study of plant, animals and microorganisms classification
- Tectonics – science of structure of objects, buildings and landforms
- Tegestology – study and collecting of beer mats
- Teleology – study of final causes; analysis in terms of purpose
- Telmatology – study of swamps
- Tempestology – study of tropical cyclones, e.g. hurricanes
- Teratology – study of birth defects and later abnormalities in living organisms
- Terrestrial ecology – study of terrestrial environment
- Teuthology – study of cephalopods
- Textology – study of the production of texts
- Thalassography – science of the sea
- Thanatology – study of death and its customs
- Thaumatology – study of miracles
- Theology - study of religion
- Theoretical computer science – science combining computer science and mathematics
- Theriogenology – study of animals' reproductive systems
- Thermodynamics – study of relation of heat to motion
- Thermokinematics – study of motion of heat
- Thermology – study of heat
- Therology – study of wild mammals
- Thremmatology – science of breeding domestic animals and plants
- Threpsology – science of nutrition
- Tidology – study of tides
- Timbrology – study of postage stamps
- Tocology – obstetrics; midwifery
- Tokology – study of childbirth
- Tonetics – study of pronunciation
- Topography – study of the shape and features of land surfaces
- Topology – study of places and their natural features
- Toponymics – study of place-names
- Toreutics – study of artistic work in metal
- Toxicology – study of poisons
- Toxophily – love of archery; archery; study of archery
- Traumatology – study of wounds and their effects
- Tribology – study of friction and wear between surfaces
- Trichology – study of hair and its disorders
- Trophology – study of nutrition
- Tsiganology – study of gypsies
- Turbology – study of tornadoes
- Turnery – art of turning in a lathe
- Typhlology – study of blindness and the blind
- Typography – art of printing or using type
- Typology – study of types of things
U
- Uranography – descriptive astronomy and mapping
- Uranology – study of the heavens; astronomy
- Urbanology – study of cities
- Urenology – study of rust molds
- Urology – study of urine and the urinary tract
V
X
Z
- Zenography – study of the planet Jupiter
- Zooarchaeology – study of animal remains of archaeological sites
- Zoochemistry – study of chemistry of animals
- Zoogeography – study of geographic distribution of animals
- Zoogeology – study of fossil animal remains
- Zoology – study of animals
- Zoonomy – study of animal physiology
- Zoonosology – study of animal diseases
- Zoopathology – study of animal diseases
- Zoophysics – physics of animal bodies
- Zoophysiology – study of physiology of animals
- Zoophytology – study of plant-like animals
- Zoosemiotics – study of animal communication
- Zootaxy – science of classifying animals
- Zootechnics – science of breeding animals
- Zygology – science of joining and fastening
- Zymology – science of fermentation
- Zymurgy – branch of chemistry dealing with brewing and distilling
- Zythology – study of beer
See also
References
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