Greiz

Greiz is situated in eastern Thuringia, 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of the state capital Erfurt, on the White Elster river.

Greiz
Town
Greiz, Thuringia
Coat of arms
Location of Greiz within Greiz district
Greiz Show map of Germany Greiz Show map of Thuringia
Coordinates: 50°39′17″N 12°11′59″E / 50.65472°N 12.19972°E / 50.65472; 12.19972
Country	Germany
State	Thuringia
District	Greiz
Subdivisions	10
Government
• Mayor (2018–24)	Alexander Schulze (CDU)
Area
• Total	84.87 km2 (32.77 sq mi)
Elevation	265 m (869 ft)
Population  (2022-12-31)
• Total	20,397
• Density	240/km2 (620/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes	07973
Dialling codes	03661
Vehicle registration	GRZ, ZR
Website	www.greiz.de

Greiz has a large park in its centre (Fürstlich Greizer Park) which is classified as an English garden. Thomasstraße, Burgstraße, Marktstraße, Waldstraße, and Leonhardtstraße, with their Jugendstil houses, are well-known examples of that architectural style.

As with other nearby settlements, the place name (originally Grouts) is of Slavic origin and means gord. The first documented mention of the settlement dates from 1209. The prime location of Greiz on the confluence of the White Elster river and its tributary Göltzsch helped to make it a fast-growing town. From the 12th century it was governed by advocati (Vögte), but in 1236 it came into the possession of Gera. It was recognized as a town in the 13th century. Later the House of Reuss, a ruling German dynasty whose male members were all named Heinrich, built two castles in Greiz: the "Oberes Schloss" (Upper Castle) and the "Unteres Schloss" (Lower Castle). Both were built by famous architects and are still considered unique. Greiz became the capital of the Principality of Reuss-Greiz until 1918.

The town was wholly destroyed by fire in 1494, and almost totally in 1802.

 

Between 1934 and 1943, 809 people were forcibly sterilized by Nazis in the district hospital in Wichmannstraße. The local old folk's home and the care home submitted 122 sick people to the euthanasia program Aktion T4.

During World War II hundreds of prisoners of war as well as men and women from countries occupied by Nazi Germany worked as forced laborers in Sorgwald near Thalbach, a village about 2 km south-east of Greiz and in other enterprises. At least 102 of them died. There is a memorial for them in the Old Cemetery.

There is also a monument to the officer Kurt von Westernhagen, who refused orders in April 1945 to blow up the bridge and defend the town, for which he was shot by the Gestapo.

During World War II, Greiz did not suffer much damage, although 3 of the 5 bridges in town were destroyed. Ulf Merbold, who became the first astronaut from West Germany in 1983, was born here in 1941.

Greiz has a population of about 20,400 people. The former municipality Neumühle/Elster was merged into Greiz in December 2019.

In addition to a chemical works and a disused paper factory, there are mechanical engineering operations, plastics manufacturing businesses, wood machining enterprises, medical technology, suppliers to the automobile industry, printing houses, and breweries. In recent years various high-tech businesses (sensor technology, climate simulators, micro-chip production) and environmental technology companies have been developed.

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  Upper Castle
•  
  Upper and Lower castles
•  
  Lower Castle
•  
  View over the town
•  
  The VEB chemical factory at Greiz-Dölau 1979
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  The old paper factory
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  Aerial view of Upper Castle, 2022
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  Sommerpalais (Summer Palais)

The following are the districts adjacent to Greiz:

• In the Greiz district: Zeulenroda-Triebes, Langenwetzendorf, Mohlsdorf-Teichwolframsdorf, Berga/Elster
• In the Vogtlandkreis district (Saxony): Reichenbach im Vogtland, Netzschkau, Elsterberg, Pöhl, Plauen, Rosenbach/Vogtl.

Adjacent towns include:

• Elsterberg
• Reichenbach im Vogtland
• Hohenleuben
• Werdau

Greiz station is on the Gera Süd–Weischlitz railway.

The current population is about 20,400. Like many towns in the former East Germany, Greiz has suffered from population decline in recent years.