Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 11 spans about 135 million base pairs (the building material of DNA ) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells . The shorter arm (p arm) is termed 11p while the longer arm (q arm) is 11q . At about 21.5 genes per megabase , chromosome 11 is one of the most gene-rich, and disease-rich, chromosomes in the human genome .
More than 40% of the 856 olfactory receptor genes in the human genome are located in 28 single-gene and multi-gene clusters along the chromosome.
Gene
Number of genes The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 11. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction ). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS ) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes .
Gene list The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 11. For complete list, see the links in the infobox on the right.
ACAT1 : acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 (acetoacetyl Coenzyme A thiolase) ACRV1 : encoding protein Acrosomal protein SP-10 AKIP1 : A kinase interacting protein 1 ALKBH3 encoding protein AlkB homolog 3, alpha-ketoglutaratedependent dioxygenase AMOTL1 : angiomotin-like protein 1 AMPD3 : encoding enzyme AMP deaminase 3 API5 : encoding protein Apoptosis inhibitor 5 APLNR : Apelin receptor (APJ receptor) APOA4 : apolipoprotein A-IV ARCN1 encoding protein Archain 1 ART5 : encoding protein Adp-ribosyltransferase 5 ASRGL1 : encoding enzyme L-asparaginase ATM : ataxia telangiectasia mutated (includes complementation groups A, C and D) B3GNT1 : encoding enzyme N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase BATF2 : encoding protein Basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like 2 BDNF : secretes BDNF, a member of the Neurotrophin family of proteins C11orf1 : encoding protein C11orf16 : encoding protein Uncharacterized protein C11orf16 C11orf49 : encoding protein UPF0705 protein C11orf49 C11orf52 encoding protein C11orf52 C11orf53 : encoding protein Chromosome 11 open reading frame 53 C11orf54 : encoding protein Ester hydrolase C11orf54 C11orf80 : encoding protein Chromosome 11 open reading frame 80 C11orf86 : encoding protein Uncharacterized protein C11orf86 C1QTNF4 encoding protein C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 4 C1QTNF5 : encoding protein C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 5 CAPRIN1 : encoding protein, cell cycle associated protein 1 CCDC88B : encoding protein Coiled-coil domain containing 88b CCDC90B : coiled coil domain containing 90B CCL9 : Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 9 CD81 : cluster of differentiation 81 CDHR5 : cadherin related family member 5 CLDN25 : encoding protein Claudin 25 COMMD9 : COMM domain-containing protein 9 CPSF7 : Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 7 CPT1A : carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver) CREBZF encoding protein CREB/ATF bZIP transcription factor DAK : Triokinase/FMN cyclase DDI1 : encoding protein DNA-damage inducible 1 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) DGAT2 encoding protein Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 DHCR7 : 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase DKK3 : Dickkopf-related protein 3 DPF2 : Double PHD fingers 2 DRD4 : Dopamine receptor D4 at 11p15.5 DSCAML1 : encoding protein Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule like 1 EI24 : Etoposide-induced protein 2.4 homolog FAM118B : encoding protein Family with sequence similarity 118, member B FAM76B : Family with sequence similarity 76 member B FAR1 : fatty acyl-coA reductase 1 FAT3 : fat atypical cadherin 3 FHIP : FTS and Hook-interacting protein FNBP4 : Formin-binding protein 4 FOLR3 : encoding protein Folate receptor gamma GLB1L3 : galactosidase, beta 1-like 3 GLYAT : Glycine-N-acyltransferase GLYATL2 encoding protein Glycine-N-acyltransferase like 2 GPHA2 : Glycoprotein hormone alpha-2 GYLTL1B : Glycosyltransferase-like protein LARGE2 HBB : hemoglobin, beta HBBP1 : encoding protein Hemoglobin, beta pseudogene 1 HIKESHI : chromosome 11, open reading frame 73 HMBS : hydroxymethylbilane VIIA HRASLS3 : adipose phospholipase A2 HTATIP2 : HIV-1 Tat interactive protein 2 HYLS1 : Hydroletalus (Finnish heritage disease) related gene HYOU1 : hypoxia upregulated protein 1 IFITM2 encoding protein Interferon induced transmembrane protein 2 IFT46 : intraflagellar transport protein 46 homolog IGF2-AS : encoding protein IGF2 antisense RNA INS : insulin gene KDM2A : lysine demethylase 2A KIAA1549L encoding protein KIAA1549-like KRTAP5-6 : encoding protein Keratin associated protein 5-6 LPXN : leupaxin LRFN4 encoding protein Leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 4 MADD : MAP kinase-activating death domain protein MEN1 : Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 MIR210 : encoding protein MicroRNA 210 MIRLET7A2 : microRNA let-7a-2 MMP7 : Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP family) MOGAT2 : monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 MTRNR2L8 : encoding protein MT-RNR2-like 8 NADSYN1 : NAD synthetase 1 NAP1L4 : nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 4 NFRKB : nuclear factor related to kappa-B binding protein NNMT : nicotinamide N-methyltransferase NRGN : neurogranin OR2AG2 : encoding protein Olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily ag member 2 P53AIP1 : p53-regulated apoptosis-inducing protein 1 PANO1 : encoding protein PANO1 PAX6 : paired box 6 PCNX3 encoding protein Pecanex homolog 3 PGA3 encoding protein Pepsinogen 3, group I (pepsinogen A) PIWIL4 encoding protein Piwi like RNA-mediated gene silencing 4 PLET1 : encoding protein Placenta expressed transcript 1 PRR5L : proline rich 5 like PTPRCAP : protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C associated protein PTS : 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase QSER1 : glutamine serine rich protein 1 RAG1 /RAG2 : recombination activating genes RASSF7 : encoding protein Ras association domain family member 7 RASSF10 : encoding protein Ras association domain family member 10 RELT : tumor necrosis factor recepteor REXO2 : RNA exonuclease 2 RNH1 : ribonuclease inhibitor 1 RNU2-2 : encoding protein RNA, U2 small nuclear 2 ROM1 : retinal outer segment membrane protein 1 RPL27A : encoding protein 60S ribosomal protein L27a RPL36A : encoding protein 60S ribosomal protein L36a RSF1 : remodeling and spacing factor 1 SAA1 : serum amyloid A1 SAA2 : serum amyloid A2 SAC3D1 : SAC3 domain-containing protein 1 SART1 : squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T-cells 1 SBF2 : SET binding factor 2 SCGB1D2 : secretoglobin family 1D member 2 SESN3 encoding protein Sestrin 3 SIDT2 encoding protein SID1 transmembrane family member 2 SLC17A6 : encoding protein Solute carrier family 17 (vesicular glutamate transporter), member 6 SLC25A22 : encoding protein Solute carrier family 25 member 22 SMAP1 : small acidic protein SMCO4 : encoding protein SMCO4 SMPD1 : sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal (acid sphingomyelinase) SNHG1 : encoding protein Small nucleolar rna host gene 1 SPA17 : sperm autoantigenic protein 17 SRPRA : Srp receptor alpha subunit Suppression of tumorigenicity 2 : encoding protein Suppression of tumorigenicity 2 TAF1D : TATA box binding protein associated factor RNA polymerase 1 subunit D TALDO1 encoding protein Transaldolase 1 TBRG1 : transforming growth factor beta regulator 1 TECTA : tectorin alpha (nonsyndromic deafness) TH : tyrosine hydroxylase THRSP : thyroid hormone inducible hepatic protein THYN1 : thymocyte nuclear protein 1 TIMM10 : translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 10 TIMM10B : Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit Tim9 B TM7SF2 : transmembrane 7 superfamily member 2 TMEM109 : encoding protein Transmembrane protein 109 TMEM123 : transmembrane protein 123 TMEM126B : transmembrane protein 126B TMEM134 : transmembrane protein 134 TMEM25 : transmembrane protein 25 TMPRSS4 : encoding protein Transmembrane protease, serine 4 TP53I11 : tumor protein 53 inducible protein 11 TRAPPC4 : trafficking protein particle complex subunit 4 TRIM34 : encoding protein Tripartite motif containing 34 TRPT1 : tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase 1 UNC93B1 : Unc-93 homolog B1 UPK2 : uroplakin-2 UQCC3 : encoding protein Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex assembly factor 3 USH1C : Usher syndrome 1C (autosomal recessive, severe) USP47 : ubiquitin specific peptidase 47 UVRAG : UV radiation resistance associated VPS26B : vacuolar protein sorting 26 homolog B VSIG2 : V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 WT1 : Wilms tumor protein YIF1A : Yip1 interacting factor homolog A ZFP91-CNTF ZNF408 : zinc finger protein 408 Diseases and disorders
The following diseases and disorders are some of those related to genes on chromosome 11:
Cytogenetic band
G-banding ideogram of human chromosome 11 in resolution 850 bphs. Band length in this diagram is proportional to base-pair length. This type of ideogram is generally used in genome browsers (e.g.
Ensembl ,
UCSC Genome Browser ).
G-banding patterns of human chromosome 11 in three different resolutions (400, 550 and 850). Band length in this diagram is based on the ideograms from ISCN (2013). This type of ideogram represents actual relative band length observed under a microscope at the different moments during the
mitotic process .
G-bands of human chromosome 11 in resolution 850 bphs Chr. Arm Band ISCN start ISCN stop Basepair start Basepair stop Stain Density 11 p 15.5 0 230 1 2,800,000 gneg 11 p 15.4 230 461 2,800,001 11,700,000 gpos 50 11 p 15.3 461 745 11,700,001 13,800,000 gneg 11 p 15.2 745 935 13,800,001 16,900,000 gpos 50 11 p 15.1 935 1246 16,900,001 22,000,000 gneg 11 p 14.3 1246 1490 22,000,001 26,200,000 gpos 100 11 p 14.2 1490 1545 26,200,001 27,200,000 gneg 11 p 14.1 1545 1775 27,200,001 31,000,000 gpos 75 11 p 13 1775 2114 31,000,001 36,400,000 gneg 11 p 12 2114 2357 36,400,001 43,400,000 gpos 100 11 p 11.2 2357 2655 43,400,001 48,800,000 gneg 11 p 11.12 2655 2872 48,800,001 51,000,000 gpos 75 11 p 11.11 2872 3035 51,000,001 53,400,000 acen 11 q 11 3035 3197 53,400,001 55,800,000 acen 11 q 12.1 3197 3414 55,800,001 60,100,000 gpos 75 11 q 12.2 3414 3550 60,100,001 61,900,000 gneg 11 q 12.3 3550 3685 61,900,001 63,600,000 gpos 25 11 q 13.1 3685 4037 63,600,001 66,100,000 gneg 11 q 13.2 4037 4186 66,100,001 68,700,000 gpos 25 11 q 13.3 4186 4512 68,700,001 70,500,000 gneg 11 q 13.4 4512 4688 70,500,001 75,500,000 gpos 50 11 q 13.5 4688 4877 75,500,001 77,400,000 gneg 11 q 14.1 4877 5148 77,400,001 85,900,000 gpos 100 11 q 14.2 5148 5257 85,900,001 88,600,000 gneg 11 q 14.3 5257 5474 88,600,001 93,000,000 gpos 100 11 q 21 5474 5690 93,000,001 97,400,000 gneg 11 q 22.1 5690 5934 97,400,001 102,300,000 gpos 100 11 q 22.2 5934 6070 102,300,001 103,000,000 gneg 11 q 22.3 6070 6300 103,000,001 110,600,000 gpos 100 11 q 23.1 6300 6503 110,600,001 112,700,000 gneg 11 q 23.2 6503 6693 112,700,001 114,600,000 gpos 50 11 q 23.3 6693 7167 114,600,001 121,300,000 gneg 11 q 24.1 7167 7316 121,300,001 124,000,000 gpos 50 11 q 24.2 7316 7533 124,000,001 127,900,000 gneg 11 q 24.3 7533 7695 127,900,001 130,900,000 gpos 50 11 q 25 7695 7980 130,900,001 135,086,622 gneg
References
External links
National Institutes of Health. "Chromosome 11" . Genetics Home Reference . Archived from the original on August 3, 2004. Retrieved 2017-05-06 . "Chromosome 11" . Human Genome Project Information Archive 1990–2003 . Retrieved 2017-05-06 .
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