Branches Of Botany
Botany is a natural science concerned with the study of plants.The main branches of botany (also referred to as plant science) are commonly divided into three groups: core topics, concerned with the study of the fundamental natural phenomena and processes of plant life, the classification and description of plant diversity; applied topics which study the ways in which plants may be used for economic benefit in horticulture, agriculture and forestry; and organismic topics which focus on plant groups such as algae, mosses or flowering plants.
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Core topics
- Cytology – cell structure
- Epigenetics – Control of gene expression
- Paleobotany – Study of fossil plants and plant evolution
- Palynology – Pollen and spores
- Plant biochemistry – Chemical processes of primary and secondary metabolism
- Phenology – the timing of germination, flowering and fruiting
- Phytochemistry – Plant secondary chemistry and chemical processes
- Phytogeography – Plant Biogeography, the study of plant distributions
- Phytosociology – Plant communities and interactions
- Plant anatomy – Structure of plant cells and tissues
- Plant ecology – Role and function of plants in the environment
- Plant evolutionary developmental biology – Plant development from an evolutionary perspective
- Plant genetics – Genetic inheritance in plants
- Plant morphology – Structure of plants
- Plant physiology – Life functions of plants
- Plant reproduction – Processes of plant reproduction
- Plant systematics – Classification and naming of plants
- Plant taxonomy – Classification and naming of plants
Applied topics
- Agronomy – Application of plant science to crop production
- Arboriculture – Culture and propagation of trees
- Astrobotany - The study of plants in space
- Biotechnology – Use of plants to synthesize products
- Dendrology – Study of woody plants, shrubs, trees and lianas
- Economic botany – Study of plants of economic use or value
- Ethnobotany – Plants and people. Use and selection of plants by humans
- Forestry – Forest management and related studies
- Horticulture – cultivation of garden plants
- Marine botany – Study of aquatic plants and algae that live in seawater
- Micropropagation – rapid propagation of plants using cell and tissue culture
- Pharming (genetics) – Genetic engineering of plants to produce pharmaceuticals
- Plant breeding – Breeding of plants with desirable genetic characters
- Plant pathology (Phytopathology) – Plant diseases
- Plant propagation – propagation of plants from seed, bulbs, tubers, cuttings and grafting
- Pomology – Fruit and nuts
- Seed technology - Seed technology is the science dealing with the methods of improving physical and genetical characteristics of seed.
Organismal topics
- Acanthochronology – Cacti
- Agrostology – Grasses
- Batology – Brambles
- Bryology – Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
- Citrology - Citruses
- Dendrology – Trees
- Lichenology – Lichens
- Mycology, or fungology – Fungi
- Orchidology – Orchids
- Phycology, or algology – Algae
- Pteridology – Ferns and their allies
- Synantherology – Compositae
References
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