Astronomy
Cartography
Chemistry
Mathematics
Physics
Physiology and medicine
- February 3 – The first pyloromyotomy, a surgery to correct the congenital narrowing (in infants) of the path between the stomach and the intestines (pyloric stenosis) is performed in Edinburgh by Sir Harold Stiles; however, the procedure is named for Dr. Wilhelm Ramstedt, who performs the surgery in 1911.
- March – International Psychoanalytical Association established.
- March 20 – The first clinic for treatment of occupational diseases is opened in Milan (Italy). (The first in the United States will be established in 1915.)
- May 18 – At the annual meeting of the American Association for the Study of the Feeble-Minded, Henry H. Goddard introduces a system for classifying individuals with mental retardation based on intelligence quotient (IQ): moron for those with an IQ of 51–70, imbecile for those with an IQ of 26–50, and idiot for those with an IQ of 0-25.
- July 15 – Publication of the eighth edition of Emil Kraepelin's Psychiatrie: Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und Arzte, naming Alzheimer's disease as a variety of dementia.
- October (approx.) – Approximate date of origin of Manchurian plague, a form of pneumonic plague which by December is spreading through northeastern China, killing more than 40,000.
- Thomas Hunt Morgan discovers that genes are located on chromosomes.
- Chicago cardiologist James B. Herrick makes the first published identification of sickle cells in the blood of a patient with anemia.
- Platelets are first named by James Homer Wright.
- Peyton Rous demonstrates that a malignant tumor can be transmitted by a virus (which becomes known as the Rous sarcoma virus, a retrovirus).
- Hans Christian Jacobaeus of Sweden performs the first thoracoscopic diagnosis with a cystoscope.
Technology
- January 12–13 – Lee De Forest conducts an experimental broadcast of part of a live performance of Tosca and, the next day, a performance with the participation of the Italian tenor Enrico Caruso from the stage of Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
- February 17 – A patent for the first safety catch (firearms) is filed by the Browning Arms Company in the United States.
- February 25 – Thomas Edison's "trolleyless street car", powered by storage batteries rather than by overhead electric wires, is publicly demonstrated on New York City's 29th Street horse car tracks.
- March 28 – Henri Fabre makes the first flights in a seaplane, at Martigues, France.
- June 7 – William G. Allen of the Allen Manufacturing Company is granted a United States patent for a hex key.
- October – First publication of infrared photographs, by American optical physicist Robert W. Wood in the Royal Photographic Society's Journal.
- December 3–18 – Georges Claude demonstrates the first modern neon light at the Paris Motor Show.
- Lieutenant-Colonel Dr. George Owen Squier of the United States Army invents telephone carrier multiplexing.
- Completion of Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad's Paulinskill Viaduct on its Lackawanna Cut-Off, the world's largest reinforced concrete structure at this time, built under the supervision of Lincoln Bush, its chief engineer.
Institutions
Awards
Births
- January 20 – Friederike Victoria Gessner, later Joy Adamson (murdered 1980), Austrian-born wildlife conservationist.
- February 9 – Jacques Monod (died 1976), French biochemist, winner of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965.
- February 13 – William Shockley (died 1989), American physicist.
- March 11 – Robert Havemann (died 1982), German chemist.
- May 3 – Helen M. Duncan (died 1971), American geologist and paleontologist
- May 12 – Dorothy Hodgkin (died 1994), British chemist.
- June 11 – Jacques Cousteau (died 1997), French oceanographer.
- July 16 – David Lack (died 1973), English ornithologist.
- August 18 – Pál Turán (died 1976), Hungarian mathematician.
- August 28 – C. Doris Hellman (died 1973), American historian of science.
- September 1 – Pierre Bézier (died 1999), French engineer.
- October 11 – Cahit Arf (died 1997), Turkish mathematician.
- October 27 – Margaret Hutchinson Rousseau (died 2000), American chemical engineer.
- October 31 – Victor Rothschild (died 1990), British polymath.
- December 24 – Bill Pickering (died 2004), New Zealand-born head of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Deaths
References
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