1532

January–June

• January 22 – São Vicente is established as the first permanent Portuguese settlement in Brazil.
• March 18 – The Supplication against the Ordinaries is presented to Henry VIII by the Speaker of the House of Commons. Henry responds by stating that the commons could hardly expect such consideration after they refused to assent to the government's proposals. Shortly afterwards, Parliament is prorogued until April 10.
• April – Battle of Quipaipan in Peru: Atahualpa wins the civil war in the Inca Empire, defeating his brother Huáscar.
• May 13 – Francisco Pizarro lands on the northern coast of Peru.
• May 16 – Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England.
• June 25 – Suleiman the Magnificent leads another invasion of Hungary.

July–December

• July 23 – The Nuremberg Religious Peace is granted to members of the Schmalkaldic League, granting them religious liberty.
• August 13 – Union of Brittany and France: The Duchy of Brittany is absorbed into the Kingdom of France.
• August 5–30 – Siege of Güns: The Ottoman army under Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent fails to take the city of Güns, and due to the incoming raining weather and reinforcements from Charles V to Vienna, Suleiman's army retreats.
• September 1 – Anne Boleyn is created Marquess of Pembroke by her fiancé, King Henry VIII of England.
• November 16 – Francisco Pizarro and his men capture Inca emperor Atahualpa at Cajamarca, ambushing and slaughtering a large number of his followers, without loss to themselves. He subsequently offers a ransom of approximately $50 million in gold.

Date unknown

• The Prince is published, five years after the death of the author, Niccolò Machiavelli.
• Pantagruel is published by François Rabelais.
• Henry VIII of England grants the Thorne brothers a Royal Charter to found Bristol Grammar School.
• Stamford School is founded in England by William Radcliffe.
• The Paris Parlement has the city's beggars arrested "to force them to work in the sewers, chained together in pairs".
• Possible date for the Battle of the Maule between Incas and Mapuches, according to historian Osvaldo Silva.

 

• January 21 – Ludwig Helmbold, German classical singer (d. 1598)
• February 14 – Richard Lowther, English soldier and official (d. 1607)
• February 19 – Jean-Antoine de Baïf, French poet and member of the Pléiade (d. 1589)
• March 20 – Juan de Ribera, Spanish Catholic archbishop (d. 1611)
• March 25 – Pietro Pontio, Italian music theorist and composer (d. 1596)
• April 21 – Martin Schalling the Younger, German theologian (d. 1608)
• April 23 – Anna Marie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Prussia (d. 1568)
• June 1 – Marino Grimani, Doge of Venice (d. 1605)
• June 6 – Giulio Antonio Santorio, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1602)
• June 7 – Amy Robsart, wife of Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (d. 1560)
• June 13 – Countess Palatine Helena of Simmern, countess consort of Hanau-Münzenberg (1551-1561) (d. 1579)
• June 16 – Francis Coster, Brabantian Jesuit theologian, author (d. 1619)
• June 24
  • Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (probable; d. 1588)
  • William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, German Protestant leader (d. 1592)
• July 12 – Mechthild of Bavaria, German duchess (d. 1565)
• July 25 – Alphonsus Rodriguez, Spanish Jesuit lay brother and saint (d. 1617)
• August 14 – Archduchess Magdalena of Austria, Member of the House of Habsburg (d. 1590)
• October 4 – Francisco de Toledo, Spanish Jesuit cardinal (d. 1596)
• October 30 – Yuri of Uglich, Prince of Uglich (d. 1563)
• November 16 – Clara of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Abbess of Gandersheim, later Duchess of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (d. 1595)
• November 22 – Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony (d. 1585)
• December 7 – Louis I, Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein (d. 1605)
• December 20
  • John Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (d. 1586)
  • Orazio Samacchini, Italian painter (d. 1577)
• December 26 – Guilielmus Xylander, German classical scholar (d. 1576)
• date unknown
  • Robert Abercromby, Scottish Jesuit missionary (d. 1613)
  • William Allen, English cardinal (d. 1594)
  • Hernando Franco, Spanish composer (d. 1585)
  • Luís Fróis, Portuguese missionary (d. 1597)
  • Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, Spanish explorer (d. 1592)
  • John Hawkins, English navigator and slave trader (d. 1595)
  • Étienne Jodelle, French dramatist and poet (d. 1573)
  • Ralph Lane, English explorer (d. 1603)
  • Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland (d. 1585)
  • Thomas Norton, English lawyer (d. 1584)
  • Tulsidas, medieval Hindi poet and philosopher (d. 1623)
  • Flavio Orsini, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1581)
  • Thomas Lucy, English politician (d. 1600)
• probable
  • Sofonisba Anguissola, Italian portrait painter (d. 1625)
  • Orlande de Lassus, Flemish composer (d. 1594)

 

 

• May – Elizabeth Stafford, Countess of Sussex
• June – Bernardino Luini, Italian painter (b. 1482)
• June 28 – Pompeo Colonna, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1479)
• July 8 – Andrea Riccio, Italian sculptor and architect (b. 1470)
• August 11 – John of Denmark, Danish prince (b. 1518)
• August 16 – John, Elector of Saxony (b. 1468)
• August 19 – Caritas Pirckheimer, German nun (b. 1467)
• August 22 – William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1450)
• September – Vlad VI Înecatul, Prince of Wallachia
• October 1 – Jan Mabuse, Flemish painter
• December 2 – Louis Gonzaga (Rodomonte), Italian-French dignitary and diplomat (b. 1500)
• December 3 – Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, Duke of Zweibrücken from 1514 to 1532 (b. 1502)
• December 12 – Pietro Accolti, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1455)
• December 13 – Solomon Molcho, Portuguese mystic (b. 1500)
• December 30 – Krzysztof Szydłowiecki, Polish noble (b. 1467)
• date unknown
  • Jeanne de la Font, French poet and culture patron (b. 1500)
  • Huáscar, 12th Inca Emperor