Events
By place
Levant
- April 10 – A Crusader army led by King Baldwin IV (the Leper) is ambushed by Muslim forces in a narrow valley in the forest of Banyas. Baldwin is only able to extricate his forces owing to the heroism of Humphrey II, lord of Toron, who holds up the Muslims with his bodyguard till Baldwin and his army escape. Humphrey suffers mortal wounds and dies on April 22. He is succeeded by his 13-year-old grandson Humphrey IV.
- June 10 – Battle of Marj Ayyun: A Crusader army (some 10,000 men) led by Baldwin IV is defeated by Muslim forces under Saladin near the Litani River (modern Lebanon). The Knights Templar join the battle, but they are driven back in confusion. Baldwin narrowly escapes being captured in the route. Amongst Saladin's prisoners are Odo de St. Amand, Grand Master of the Templars, and Lord Baldwin of Ibelin.
- August 30 – Siege of Jacob's Ford: Muslim forces led by Saladin conquer and destroy the unfinished Castle of Chastellet at Jacob's Ford, killing 80 knights and taking 700 civilians captive.
Europe
England
Africa
- September 17 – A large offensive, by the Almohad army led by Yusuf I in southern Portugal, aims at the reconquest of the Alentejo. Further north, an Almohad fleet sails to attack Lisbon, but is repelled by the Portuguese, near the Cape Espichel. The Portuguese fleet later manages to enter in the harbour of Ceuta, and destroy a number of Muslim ships. It is the beginning of a four-year naval conflict between the Almohads and Portuguese.
Asia
- Taira no Kiyomori, Japanese military leader, confines the former Emperor Go-Shirakawa to his quarters after discovering that he has tried to confiscate the estates of Kiyomori's deceased children.
Mesoamerica
By topic
Religion
Births
- April 4 – Fariduddin Ganjshakar, Indian preacher (d. 1266)
- May 13 – Theobald III, count of Champagne (d. 1201)
- May 17 – Ogasawara Nagatsune, Japanese warrior (d. 1247)
- Constance of Aragon, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1222)
- Donatus of Ripacandida, Italian monk and saint (d. 1198)
- John of Ibelin, constable and lord of Beirut (d. 1236)
- Konoe Iezane, Japanese nobleman and monk (d. 1243)
- Serapion of Algiers, English priest and martyr (d. 1240)
- Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian and poet (d. 1241)
- William IV (Talvas), Norman nobleman (d. 1221)
- Yaqut al-Hamawi, Arab geographer and writer (d. 1229)
Deaths
- February 25 – Adelelm, English Lord High Treasurer
- April 22 – Humphrey II, constable and lord of Toron (b. 1117)
- June 18 – Erling Skakke, Norwegian nobleman (b. 1115)
- July 14 – Richard de Luci, Norman High Sheriff (b. 1089)
- July 27 – Mudzaffar Shah I, ruler of the Kedah Sultanate
- August 9 – Roger of Worcester, English bishop (b. 1118)
- August 20 – William le Gros (la Gras), English nobleman
- September 2 – Taira no Shigemori, Japanese nobleman (b. 1138)
- September 17 – Hildegard of Bingen, German abbess (b. 1098)
- October 9 – Odo de St. Amand, French Grand Master (b. 1110)
- October 18 – Chong Chung-bu, Korean military leader (b. 1106)
- December 25 – Roger de Bailleul, French monk and abbot
- Fujiwara no Atsuyori (or Dōin), Japanese waka poet (b. 1090)
- Guihomar IV (or Guidomar), Breton nobleman (b. 1130)
- Reginald de Warenne (or Rainald), Norman nobleman
- Urraca of Castile (Alfonso), queen of Navarre (b. 1133)
References
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