Elizaveta Kovalskaya

Elizaveta Kovalskaya

1851-1943

Rossiaf artowasik

Koe Xarkiv bowexo ke savsafo rossiafo gindaxo is refa Ukraina ba 29/06/1851 kobliyir. Bak 1943 koe megrupeno xo ke TSSS co awalker.

Blirizva

Toza

Elizaveta tiyir mekurerafa nazbeikya ke Nikolay Solntsev vombik is levetirikya ke inaf pilkot koe Xarkiv bowexo. Kalion vofayar da pilkotik is levetirik kruldeyed, da mwedaf nazbeik isu lan memwedaf vligun tiyid. Neken ruyatfamaf pofesik ke pilkot va belira va ezla ke Aleksandr Puckin is Mixail Lermontov is Polejayev pu ina taveyer. Bak 1857 Elizaveta is gadikya gan digise gadikye zo tunuyad.

Kadimi tunera va levetiruca bak 1861, Elizaveta ko Xarkiv zo inker ise koe yasegafa olda vayar. Va witaf suteroteem toz kosmar. Awalkera ke gadikye va zolonaf konoleks pu ina isker. Ina va Yaroslav Kovalski jotaf altoopik kurer. Va intafa mona wetce fastafe jandexe mu jotaf kotlaf vayasik faver. Miledje pu dodelik va rossiafa izvopa is suteroteem taver ise va gaderopa toz pulvir.

Artowasa viltera

Nope bowerefa vewara da ayikya kotlon rovayad, Kovalskaya va Sankt Peterburg koirubar aze va nuyotevikya dum Aleksandra Kornilova is Olga Schleissner is Sofia Perovskaya rungruper. Bak 1871 sina va rijay ke Nikolay Tcaykovski denfid. Inafa artowasa narara toz tulukrad.

Nope akolera is pirdanon gan selaropik, Elizaveta ko Zürich koe Swiza ropetenon mallapir. Banlize va rossiaf divlamasikeem nobar ise va turestara ke Mixail Bakunin levgar. Fraskeyenon ko Rossia dimlapir ise va sane djukukevlanir. Koe sanefa bema ke Kommunar widavama taver ise va artowas sanegaks amuzer. Kivason va sopera, ko Sankt Peterburg az Xarkiv yater.Banlize jontikedje akoler. Azon va Zemlya i Volya grustaks yoter.

Bak imwugal ke 1879, radimi adjubera va Kropotkin bowesik gan bewik ke Zemlya i Volya, koe Xarkiv az ko Sankt Peterburg va int lajupalser. Vanion, bal solpera ke grustaks gu toloya grelta, va Tcerni Peredel pako do tulon Plexanov is Zasulitc is Akselrod is Aptekman is Ctcedrin zober. Tici 1880, Kovalskaya is Ctcedrin ta grustara va Tanara va Kobasikeem ke Geefa Rossia pako ko Kyiv lapid.

Ba 22/10/1880 gan ardial zo soped aze ba 29/05/1881 gu parmafa poana kobara zo lanzad. Bal jiz Kovalskaya dakter da va rictuma ke malyesik vol kagruper.

Xalta az divblira

Elizaveta Kovalskaya — Xe koe xalta ke Kara, 1891

Bak 1882 ko Sibiria kal xalta ke Kara poke Nertcinsk zo kostar. Katecton gu greelt koe Irkutsk, Kovalskaya is Sofia Bogomolets lajupotced voxen arti toloya safta zo kosmad nume ko Kara zo dimstaksed. Bak imwugal ke 1884 nope kobodara va susikeem, Elizaveta ko flint ke Irkutsk zo arburer enide sostanon di zo dagir. Soe gire lajupotcer, efuxon gu susik, voxe arti tanoy aksat gire zo katrasir. Gu 90 ustara zo lanzar ise zo busumar. Toz aelyaster.

Warzafa gakera mofid isen ara layatera tiner. Bak 1891 gakera gu tolsandafa poana kobara zo kastar. Bak lerdeaksat ke 1892, koe Nertcinsk mialanuyon ronotaver ise va sanegafe nevaxeme ronopofer ise wetce pomas selasik koe ropexe ke widava ronokobar. Va amuzera va memwedaf sanegaks is galbedura soe birgoton wan ksuber.

Bak 1901 Elizaveta Kovalskaya winugon zo tunuyar. Ta ilsulara va galera, koe Vexneudinsk koe gola ke Yakutsk lanedje blir. Bak 1903 gire yerumar, va Mieczyslaw Mankovski poskaf osterik dere tiyis gaderopaf daginik. Do in ko Ostera romallapir.

Vanion ko Genève koe Swiza koirubar ise va Seltevafo Artowaso Pako yoter ise va Kommuna ( Коммуна ) artowasa fela dokobar. Azon kali 1917 koe Paris koe Franca zavzoter.

Elizaveta Kovalskaya ko Rossia bak 1917 radimi Artowara ke Toleaksat dimlapir. Mali 1918 koe zanela va sokaf savseluxaxeem ke Petrograd kobar, aze mali 1923 koe Moskva. Bak 1943 awalker.

Dere rupec

► Rossiafa artowasikya

Vuestexeem

(fr) Christine Fauré is Hélène Châtelain, Quatre femmes terroristes contre le tsar, Vera Zassoulitch, Olga Loubatovitch, Élisabeth Kovalskaïa, Vera Figner, collection Actes et mémoires du peuple, Maspero, Paris, 1978
(en) Golemba, Beverly E. Yelizaveta Kovalskaya. Lesser-known Women: A Biographical Dictionary. Boulder, 1992
(en) Engel, Barbara Alpern is Rosenthal, Clifford N. Five Sisters, Women Against the Tsar - The Memoirs of five revolutionaries of the 1870s. 1975, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0 297 77065 9.
(it) Elizaveta N. Kovalskaya, Sull'origine delle Unioni meridionali degli operai russi, «Katorga i ssylka», IV, 1924
(it) Franco Venturi, Il populismo russo, Torino, Einaudi, 1952

«Из моих воспоминаний (К статье А.И.Корниловой)». – «Каторга и ссылка». 1926. Кн. 1(22), С.31-34;
«Первая типография «Черного передела». – «Кат. и ссылка». 1929. Кн. 1(50). С.61-63;
«Мои встречи с С.Л.Перовской. Отрывки из воспоминаний» -- «Былое». 1921. № 16. С.42-48;
«Южно-русский рабочий союз. 1880-1881». М.,1926, др. публ. – «Былое». 1904. № 6; 1906. № 2.
«Страничка из жизни Г.В.Плеханова». – «Кат. и ссылка». 1924. Кн. 6(13). С.25-30;
«О Южаковой и Бачине». – «Кат. и ссылка». 1926. Кн. 1(22). С.236-238;
«В горном Зерентуе 90-х годов». – в кн. «Кара и другие тюрьмы Нерчинской каторги» М.,1927. С.151-160 (с портр);
«Женская каторга. Из воспоминаний». – В кн. «Карийская трагедия (1889)» Пб.,1920. С.5-29;
«К статье Ивановской о Сигиде» -- «Кат. и ссылка», 1929. Кн.11(60). С.128-131.
Брошюра «О происхождении южно-русских рабочих союзов» (?).
Автобиография в кн. «Автобиографии рев. деятелей рус. соц. движения 70-80-х гг». Т.40. 1927.
Левандовский А. Е.Н.Ковальская. М. 1927. «Мое знакомство с Командо Гогелиа (Оргениани)». – «Кат. и ссылка». 1925. № 3. С.212-214 (1903, 1908-1909)

Elizaveta Kovalskaya

Koblira

29/06/1851,
Gola ke Xarkiv, Ukraina

Awalkera

1943,
TSSS

Vedeyot

Rossia

Tegira

Galbedus artowasik

Bifa

Zemlya i Volya
Seltevafo Artowaso Pako
Kara xalta

Tuveli icde Izvopa

	Rossiafa artowasikya
	Varvara Aleksandrova • Maria Ananina • Natalya Armfeld • Alyona Arzamaskaya • Sofia Bardina • Fanya Baron • Ekaterina Barteneva • Varvara Batyuckova • Anastasya Bitsenko • Sofia Bogomolets • Anisya Bolotina • Ekaterina Brecko-Breckovskaya • Maria Ckolnik • Lidya Ezerskaya • Rebekka Fialka • Lidya Figner • Vera Figner • Yevgenya Figner • Gesya Gelfman • Emma Goldman • Xristina Grinberg • Raisa Grossman • Sofia Ivanova-Boreyco • Aleksandra Ivanovskaya • Evdokia Ivanovskaya • Praskovya Ivanovskaya • Aleksandra Izmaylovitc • Maria Kalyujnaya • Fanni Kaplan • Natalya Klimova • Natalya Kogan-Bernstein • Zinaida Konoplyannikova • Maria Kovalevskaya • Elizaveta Kovalskaya • Yulya Krukovskaya • Maria Kutitonskaya • Tatyana Lebedeva • Sofia Leschern • Olga Lyubatovitc • Vera Lyubatovitc • Fani Moreinis • Maria Nikiforova • Sofia Perovskaya • Anna Pribilyova-Korba • Anna Rasputina • Yevgenya Ratner • Neonila Salova • Nadejda Sigida • Nadejda Smirnitskaya • Maria Spiridonova • Maria Subbotina • Nadejda Subbotina • Yevgenya Subbotina • Olga Taratuta • Lyudmila Terentyeva • Anna Toporkova • Maria Vetrova • Lyudmila Volkenstein • Aleksandra Xorjevskaya • Anna Yakimova • Vera Zasulitc

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