وسام كوبلاي أحد الجوائز العلمية ومرموقة أكثر من أي الجوائز العشر الأخرى التي تقدم من قبل الجمعية الملكية وأقدمهم.
لا يزال النص الموجود في هذه الصفحة في مرحلة الترجمة إلى العربية. (أبريل 2019) |
محتوى هذه المقالة بحاجة للتحديث. (أبريل 2019) |
قدمت لأول مرة سنة 1731.و كوسام رمفورد أسست هذه الجائزة بفضل هبة غودفري كوبلاي قدرها 100 جنيه استرليني للمؤسسة الملكية سنة 1709.و كان غودفري كوبلاي قد أنتخب عضوا في تلك المؤسسة العلمية سنة 1691.و خصص وسام كوبلاي للفيزياء وعلوم الأحياء.
| البلد | |
|---|---|
| سميت باسم | |
| مقدمة من | |
| قيمة الجائزة | 25٬000 جنيه إسترليني  |
| أول جائزة | 1731 |
| موقع الويب | royalsociety.org… (الإنجليزية) |
| السنة | الصورة | الاسم | السبب | ملحوظة |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1731 |  | ستيفن غراي | "لاختباراته الكهربائية الجديدة: - تشجيعاً له على ما أبداه من استعداد دائماً والتزامه بمشاركة اكتشافاته ومساهماته في المعرفة الطبيعية" | |
| 1732 | | ستيفن غراي | "لتجاربه التي أجراها عام 1732" | |
| 1733 | | حجبت | — | — |
| 1734 |  | جون ثيافليس ديسجلوريس | "تقديراً لتجاربه العديدة التي أجراها أمام الجمعية" | |
| 1735 | | حجبت | — | — |
| 1736 | | جون ثيافليس ديسجلوريس | "عن تجاربه التي أجراها هذا العام" | |
| 1737 |  | جون بلتشير | "لتجربته التي قام بها لإظهار خصائص النظام الغذائي في جذر الفوة (نبات صبغي) المسؤولة عن صباغة عظام الحيوانات الحية باللون الأحمر." | |
| 1738 | | جيمس فالوا | "لاختراعه محرك لنقل الأكوام، ما ساهم في وضع أسس جسر ونقله إلى وستمنستر، وقد عرض النموذج في الجمعية" | — |
| 1739 |  | ستيفن هايلز | لتجاربه لاكتشاف أدوية لتفتيت الحصوات، وابتكاره مواد حافظة لحفظ اللحوم أثناء الرحلات البحرية الطويلة. | |
| 1740 | | ألكسندر ستوارت | عن محاضراته حول الحركة العضلية. وهي إضافة أخرى لخدماته إلى المجتمع في مسألة الرعاية والأمراض | |
| 1741 | | جون ثيافليس ديسجلوريس | عن تجاربه لاكتشاف خصائص الكهرباء. | |
| 1742 | | كريستوفر ميدلتون | لملاحظاته التي سجلها أثناء محاولته لاستكشاف ممر شمالي غربي إلى جزر الهند الشرقية عبر خليج هدسون | |
| 1743 | | أبراهام ترمبلي | "تجاربه في أعادة تكوين الهدرية" | — |
| 1744 |  | هنري بيكر | "لتجاربه المتعلقة ببلورة أو تكون جزيئات دقيقة من أجسام مالحة تحللت في المذيبات" | . |
| 1745 |  | وليام واتسون | "بسبب اكتشافاته المفاجئة في ظواهر الكهرباء التي ظهرت في تجاربه الأخيرة" | |
| 1746 | | بنيامين روبنز | "لتجاربه النادرة في إظهار مقاومة الهواء، وسن قوانين لترسيخ معتقده في حركة المقذوفات" | |
| 1747 |  | جوين نايت | "لتجاربه الفريدة جدا والتي عرضها مع كلا من المغنطة الطبيعية والصناعية" | |
| 1748 |  | جيمس برادلي | "بسبب اكتشافاته الرائعة في الحركة الظاهرية للنجوم الثابتة، وأسباب تلك الحركة الظاهرية" | |
| 1749 |  | جون هاريسون | "بسبب اختراعاته للأجهزة التي صنعها بنفسه لقياس الزمن بدقة" | |
| 1750 |  | جورج ادواردز | "بسبب كتاب نادر جدا نشره لاحقا عن التاريخ الطبيعي للطيور وغيرها. - واحتوت على صور ل209 من الطيور المختلفة رسمت بأناقة وساطعة بألوانها الصحيحة وحوالي 20 لحيوانات ذوات الأربع نادرة جدا وثعابين وأسماك وحشرات." | |
| 1751 |  | جون كانتون | "بسبب تواصله مع الجتمع وعرضه الطريقة العجيبة لصنع المغناطيس الصناعي دون الحاجة إلى المغناطيس الطبيعي" | |
| 1752 |  | جون برينغل | "بسبب تجاربه وملاحظاته المثيرة والمفيدة عن العفن والمواد المضادة للعفن" | |
| 1753 |  | بنجامين فرانكلين | لتجاربه الجديدة وملاحظاته المتعلقة بالكهرباء. | |
| 1754 | | ويليام لويس | "لتجاربه العديدة على البلاتين والتي اتجهت إلى كشف التطور التقني للذهب، والذي قد اكتمل بالكامل، ولكنه اضطر إلى التوقف عن عمل المزيد من البحوث لنقص المواد" | |
| 1755 |  | جون هاكسم | "لتجاربه المفيدة حول الإثمد، والتي تلاها أمام الجمعية" | |
| 1756 | | حجبت | — | — |
| 1757 | | تشارلز كافنديش | "لإختراعه المفيد لجعل ميزان الحرارة يظهر درجات الحرارة القصوى إلى البرودة الدنيا" | |
| 1758 |  | جون دولاند | "لتجاربه واكتشافه المتعلق بإنكسار أشعة الضوء" | |
| 1759 |  | جون سمتون | "لتجاربه حول الساقيات المائية والطواحين الهوائية" | |
| 1760 |  | بنيامين ويلسون | "لتجاربه الرائعة حول الكهرباء" | |
| 1761 | | حجبت | — | — |
| 1762 | | حجبت | — | — |
| 1763 | | حجبت | — | — |
| 1764 | | جون كانتون | "لتجاربه البارعة والذكية في إثبات إنضغاطية المياه وسوائل أخرى لصنع مضخات هواء ومحركات التكثيف" | |
| 1765 | | حجبت | — | — |
| 1766 |  | وليم براوننغ ادوارد ديلافال هنري كافنديش | "لتجاربه حول نشاط المعادن المرنة أو الغازات الموجودة في الينابيع المعدنية وكذلك حول الغازات النتنة (براوننغ)" "لتجاربه وملاحظاته على التوافق بين الثقالة النوعية لعدة معادن وألوانها عند دمجها مع الزجاج، والإجراءات المترتبة على ذلك. (ديلافال)" "لورقته التي عرضها في نفس العام واحتوت على تجاربه المتعلقة بالهواء الحبيس. (كافنديش)" | |
| 1767 | | جون إليس | "لورقته التي قدمها في ذات السنة حول وجود جنس جديد في عالم الحيوان أسماه المرجان وشقائق النعمان أو مجتمع الزهورالحيوانية ووجدت في الشواطئ البحرية لجزر مهجورة" | |
| 1768 | | بيتر وولف | "لبحوثه في تقطير الأحماض والقلويات المتطايرة والمواد الأخرى" | |
| 1769 |  | وليم هيوسن | "لورقتي بحث معنونة أهمية النظام اللمفاوي في البرمائيات - وأهمية الجهاز اللمفاوي في الأسماك" | — |
| 1770 |  | وليم هاملتون | "لبحثه المعنون، رحلة إلى جبل إتنا" | |
| 1771 | | ماثيو ريبر | "لكتابه المعنون، البحث في قيم النقد لبلاد الإغريق والرومان" | — |
| 1772 |  | جوزيف بريستلي | "لتجاربه المفيدة والعديدة التي دونها في ملاحظاته" | — |
| 1773 | | جون وولش | "لبحوثه في أسماك الرعاد" | |
| 1774 | | حجبت | — | — |
| 1775 |  | نيفل ماسكلين | "لملاحظاته الغريبة والصعبة لمتوسط كثافة الجبال، وجرت في اسكتلندا – في جبال شيهاليون" | |
| 1776 |  | جيمس كوك | "عن ورقته البحثية التي وضح فيها طريقة اتبعها لحفظ صحة طاقم سفينته ريزوليوشن أثناء رحلته الأخيرة حول العالم، والتي أفادت العامة كثيراً حين نقلت إلى الجمعية" | |
| 1777 |  | جون موج | "لبحثه القيم الذي احتوي توجيهات لصنع أفضل توليفة لمعادن التلسكوبات العاكسة. إلى جانب وصفه لعملية سن وتلميع لإعطاء أفضل منظار على شكل مكافئ حقيقي" | — |
| 1778 |  | تشارلز هوتن | "لبحثه المسمى القوة النارية للبارود، والسرعة الأولية لكرات المدفع حسب التجارب" | |
| 1779 | | حجبت | — | — |
| 1780 |  | صمويل فينس | "لورقته المسماة بحث مبادئ الحركة التصاعدية والدوارة" | |
| 1781 |  | ويليام هيرشل | لاكتشافه نجماً جديداً ومنفرداً، وهو الاكتشاف الذي نال بسببه شرفاً مميزاً؛ إذ أن هذا النجم موجود منذ سنوات عديدة، ربما منذ عصور، داخل حدود رؤية الفلكيين، ومع ذلك استعصى على الأبحاث الدؤوبة التي قام بها فلكيون آخرون. | |
| 1782 |  | ريتشارد كيروان | "مكافأة له على أعماله المتميزة في علم الكيمياء، ولتحليله الكيميائي للأملاح" | |
| 1783 |  | جون جودريك وتوماس هاتشنز | "لإكتشافه فترة تغير تألق لنجم رأس الغول. (جودريك)" "لبحوثه في اثبات نقطة تجمد الزئبق. (هاتشنز)" | |
| 1784 |  | إدوارد ويرينغ | "لرسائله الرياضياتية إلى الجمعية. ولورقته حول تجميع المتسلسلات، وهو تعريف عام لنظام محدد لمسافة من أول مصطلح من المتسلسلة" | |
| 1785 | | وليم روي | "لقياساته في علم المساحة" | |
| 1786 | | حجبت | — | — |
| 1787 |  | جون هنتر | "لورقاته الثلاث، في المبايض، وتحديد أنواع الكلاب والذئاب وأبناء آوى، وعن تشريحه للحيتان." | |
| 1788 |  | تشارلز بلاجدين | "لبحوثه في درجة التجمد" | |
| 1789 | .jpg) | وليم مورجان | "لورقتيه حول قيم التناقص والإبقاء" | |
| 1790 | | حجبت | — | — |
| 1791 |   | جيمس رينيل وجان-اندريه ديلوك | "لبحثه في معدل السفر التي تنجزها الجمال. (رينل)" "لتطويره أجهزة قياس الرطوبة. (ديلوك)" | |
| 1792 |  | بنيامين طومسون | "عن أوراقه البحثية العديدة عن خواص الحرارة وانتقالها" | |
| 1793 | | حجبت | — | — |
| 1794 |  | ألساندرو فولتا | "لتعليقاته العديدة التي شرح بها بعض التجارب التي أجراها البروفسور غلفاني" | |
| 1795 |  | جيسي رامسدن | "لاختراعاته وتحسيناته في بناء أدوات لقياس المثلثات" | |
| 1796 | | جورج أتوود | "لورقته في بناء وتحليل مقترحات هندسية تحدد المراكز التي تتحملها الأجسام المتجانسة التي تعوم بحرية وعند توقفها. وتحدد أيضا توازن السفن وغيرها من الأجسام العائمة" | |
| 1797 | | حجبت | — | — |
| 1798 |  | جورج شوكبور-إيفلين و تشارلز هاتجت | "لمساهماته العلمية. (إيفلين)" "لمساهماته الكيميائية. (هاتجت)" | |
| 1799 | | جون هيلنز | "لمساهماته في تطوير حلول مشاكل علم الفلك الفيزيائي، وله مساهمات في الرياضيات " |
| السنة | الصورة | الاسم | السبب | ملحوظة |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1800 | إدوارد تشارلز هاورد | "لورقته في صواعق الزئبق" | ||
| 1801 |  | أستلي كوبر | "لبحوثه عن الآثار الناتجة من اتلاف غشاء طبلة الأذن. وبسبب عملية إزالة أنواع معينة من الصمم" | |
| 1802 |  | وليام هايد ولاستون | "لبحوثه الكيميائية والفيزيائية العديدة" | |
| 1803 |  | ريتشارد شنفيكس | "لبحوثه العديدة في الكيمياء" | |
| 1804 | سميثسون تينانت | "لإكتشافاته العديدة في الكيمياء" | ||
| 1805 |  | همفري ديفي | "لمنشوراته وبحوثه العديدة | |
| 1806 | .jpg) | توماس أندرو نايت | "لبحوثه العديدة حول النبات" | |
| 1807 |  | إيفرارد هوم | "لبحوثه العديدة في علم وظائف الأعضاء والتشريح" | — |
| 1808 |  | وليام هنري | "لبحوثه العديدة التي تواصل بها مع الجمعية" | — |
| 1809 | ادوارد تراوتون | "لجهوده في طريقة تقسيم الآلات الفلكية" | ||
| 1810 | حجبت | — | — | |
| 1811 |  | بنيامين كولينز برودي | "لأوراقه عن تأثير المخ على عمل القلب، وتوليد الحيوانات للحرارة. وأساليب الموت المتعددة من السموم النباتية." | |
| 1812 | حجبت | — | — | |
| 1813 |  | وليام توماس بريند | "لبحوثه عن الكحول الموجودة في المحاليل المخمرة وبحوث أخرى." | — |
| 1814 | James Ivory | "لمساهماته الرياضياتية العديدة" | ||
| 1815 |  | ديفيد بروستر | "لبحوثه عن استقطاب الضوء عند انعكاسه من اجسام شفافة" | |
| 1816 | حجبت | — | — | |
| 1817 |  | هنري كاتر | "لتجاربه على بندول رقاص الساعة" | |
| 1818 | ,_by_William_Bradley.jpg) | روبرت سبنجنز | "لأوراقه عن كيفية بناء السفن الحربية" | — |
| 1819 | حجبت | — | — | |
| 1820 |  | هانز أورستد | "لإكتشافاته في الكهرومغناطيسية" | |
| 1821 |  _levels.jpg) | إدوارد سابين و جون هيرشل | "بسبب تواصله مع الجمعية في بحوثه حول الرحلة الأخيرة إلى المنطقة القطبية. (سابين)" "لبحوثه العديدة التي كتبها. (هرشل)" | |
| 1822 |  | وليام بكلاند | "لورقته حول أسنان وعظام احفورية أكتشفت في كهف كركديل" | |
| 1823 | جون بوند | "لرسائله العديدة إلى الجمعية حول بحوثه" | — | |
| 1824 | جون برنكلي | "لبحوثه العديدة إلى الجمعية" | ||
| 1825 | فرانسوا أراغو and بيتر بارلو | "For the Discovery of the Magnetic Properties of substances not containing Iron. For the Discovery of the power of various bodies, principally metallic, to receive magnetic impressions, in the same, though in a more evanescent manner than malleable Iron, and in an infinitely less intense degree. (Arago) For his various Communications on the subject of Magnetism. (Barlow)" | ||
| 1826 | James South | "For his observations of Double Stars, and his Paper on the Discordances between the Suns observed and computed Right Ascensions, published in the Transactions of the Society. For his Paper of Observations of the Apparent Distances and Positions of Four Hundred and Fifty-eight Double and Triple Stars, published in the present volume (1826, Part 1.) of the Transactions" | ||
| 1827 | وليام بروت and هنري فوستر | "For his Paper, entitled, On the ultimate Composition of simple alimentary substances, with some preliminary remarks on the analysis of organized bodies in general" | ||
| 1828 | No Award | — | — | |
| 1829 | No Award | — | — | |
| 1830 | No Award | — | — | |
| 1831 | جورج بيدل أيري | "For his Papers, On the principle of the construction of the Achromatic Eye-pieces of Telescopes, - On the Spherical Aberration of the Eye-pieces of Telescopes, and for other Papers on Optical Subjects in the Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society" | ||
| 1832 | مايكل فاراداي وسيميون بواسون | "For his discovery of Magneto-Electricity as detailed in his Experimental Researches in Electricity, published in the Philosophical Transactions for the present year. (فاراداي) For his work entitled, Nouvelle Theorie de lAction Capillaire. (Poisson)" | ||
| 1833 | No Award | — | — | |
| 1834 | جيوفاني انطونيو أميديو بلانا | "For his work entitled, Theorie du Mouvement de la Lune" | ||
| 1835 | ويليام سنو هاريس | "For his experimental investigations of the force of electricity of high intensity contained in the Philosophical Transactions of 1834" | ||
| 1836 | يونس ياكوب بيرسيليوس and Francis Kiernan | "For his systematic application of the doctrine of definite proportions to the analysis of mineral bodies, as contained in his Nouveau Systeme de Mineralogie, and in other of his works. (Bezelius) For his discoveries relating to the structure of the liver, as detailed in his paper communicated to the Royal Society, and published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1833. (Kiernan)" | — | |
| 1837 | أنطوان سيزار بيكريل and جون فردريك دانيال | "For his various memoirs on the subject of electricity, published in the Memoires deacademie Royale des Sciences de lInstitut de France, and particularly for those on the production of crystals of metallic sulphurets and of sulphur, by the long-continued action of electricity of very low tension, and published in the tenth volume of those Memoires. (Becquerel) For his two papers on voltaic combinations published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1836. (Daniell)" | ||
| 1838 | كارل فريدريش جاوس ومايكل فاراداي | حصل غاوس على هاته الجائزة بفضل اختراعاته وأبحاثه الرياضياتية في المغناطيسية بينما حصل فاراداي عليها بفضل أبحاثه في الحث الكهربائي. | ||
| 1839 | روبرت براون | "For his discoveries during a series of years, on the subject of vegetable impregnation" | ||
| 1840 | يوستوس فون ليبيغ وجاك شارل فرانسوا ستورم | "For his discoveries in organic chemistry, and particularly for his development of the composition and theory of organic radicals. (Liebig) For his "Memoire sur la Resolution des Equations Numeriques," published in the Memoires des Savans Etrangers for 1835. (Sturm)" | ||
| 1841 | جورج أوم | "For his researches into the laws of electric currents contained in various memoirs published in Schweiggers Journal, Poggendorffs Annalen and in a separate work entitled Die galvanische Kette mathematisch bearbeitet" | ||
| 1842 | James MacCullagh | "For his researches connected with the wave theory of light, contained in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy" | ||
| 1843 | جان-باتيست دوما | "For his late valuable researches in organic chemistry, particularly those contained in a series of memoirs on chemical types and the doctrine of substitution, and also for his elaborate investigations of the atomic weights of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and other elements" | — | |
| 1844 | كارلو ماتوتشي | "For his various researches in animal electricity" | ||
| 1845 | ثيودور شوان | "For his physiological researches on the development of animal & vegetable textures, published in his work entitled Mikroskopische Untersuchungen uber die Uebereinstimmung in der Struktur u. dem Wachsthun der Thiese u. Bflanzen" | — | |
| 1846 | أوربان لوفيريي | "For his investigations relative to the disturbances of Uranus by which he proved the existence and predicted the place of the new Planet; the Council considering such prediction confirmed as it was by the immediate discovery of the Planet to be one of the proudest triumphs of modern analysis applied to the Newtonian Theory of Gravitation" | ||
| 1847 | جون هيرشل | "For his work entitled Results of Astronomical Observations made during the years 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837 and 1838, at the Cape of Good Hope; being a completion of a telescopic survey of the whole surface of the visible heavens, commenced in 1825" | ||
| 1848 | جون كوش آدامز | "For his investigations relative to the disturbances of Uranus, and for his application of the inverse problem of perturbations thereto" | ||
| 1849 | رودريك مرشيسون | "For the eminent services he has rendered to geological science during many years of active observation in several parts of Europe; and especially for the establishment of that classification of the older Palaeozoic deposits designated the Silurian System, as set forth in the two works entitled The Silurian System founded on Geological Researches in England, and The Geology of Russia in Europe and the Ural Mountains" | — | |
| 1850 | بيتر أندرياس هانسن | "For his researches in physical astronomy" | ||
| 1851 | ريتشارد أوين | "On account of his important discoveries in comparative anatomy & palaeontology, contained in the Philosophical Transactions and numerous other works" | ||
| 1852 | ألكسندر فون هومبولت | "For his eminent services in terrestrial physics, during a series of years" | ||
| 1853 | هاينريش ويلهيلم دوف | "For his work on the distribution of heat over the surface of the Earth" | — | |
| 1854 | جوهانس مولر | "For his important contributions to different branches of physiology and comparative anatomy, and particularly for his researches on the embryology of the Echinodermata, contained in a series of memoirs published in the Transactions of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin" | ||
| 1855 | ليون فوكو | بفضل أبحاثه المختلفة في الفيزياء التجريبية | ||
| 1856 | هنري ميلن إدوار | "For his researches in comparative anatomy and zoology" | — | |
| 1857 | ميشيل أوجين شيفيرول | "For his researches in organic chemistry, particularly on the composition of the fats, andf for his researches on the contrast of coulours" | ||
| 1858 | تشارلز لايل | "For his various researches and writings by which he has contributed to the advance of geology" | ||
| 1859 | فلهيلم إدوارد فيبر | "For the investigations contained in his Maasbestimmungen and other researches in electricity, magnetism, acoustics" | ||
| 1860 | روبرت بنسن | "For his researches on cacodyls, gaseous analysis, the Voltaire phenomena of Iceland; and other researches" | ||
| 1861 | لويس أغاسيز | "For his eminent researches in palaeontology and other branches of science, and particularly for his great works the Poissons Fossiles, and his Poissons du Vieux Gres Rouge dEcosse" | ||
| 1862 | توماس غراهام | "For three memoirs of the diffusion of liquids, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1850 and 1851; for a memoir on osmotic force in the Philosophical Transactions for 1854; and particularly for a paper on liquid diffusion applied to analysis, including a distinction of compounds into colloids & crystalloids published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1861" | ||
| 1863 | آدم سيدجويك | "For his original observations and discoveries in the geology of the Palaeozoic Series of rocks, and more especially for his determination of the characters of the Devonian System, by observations of the order of superposition of the Killas rocks & their fossils in Devonshire" | ||
| 1864 | تشارلز داروين | "For his important researches in geology, zoology, and botanical physiology" | ||
| 1865 | ميشال شال | "For his historical and original researches in pure geometry" | ||
| 1866 | جوليوس بلكر | "For his researches in analytical geometry, magnetism, & spectral analysis" | ||
| 1867 | كارل إرنست فون باير | "For his discoveries in embryology and comparative anatomy, and for his contributions to the philosophy of zoology" | ||
| 1868 | تشارلز ويتستون | "For his researches in acoustics, optics, electricity and magnetism" | ||
| 1869 | هنري فيكتور رينيو | "For the second volume of his Relation des Experiences pour determiner les lois et les donnees physiques necessaries au calcul des machines a feu, including his elaborate investigations on the specific heat of gases and vapours, and various papers on the elastic force of vapours" | ||
| 1870 | جيمس بريسكوت جول | "For his experimental researches on the dynamical theory of heat" | ||
| 1871 | يوليوس ماير | "For his researches on the mechanics of heat; including essays on: - 1. The force of inorganic nature. 2. Organic motion in connection with nutrition. 3. Fever. 4. Celestial dynamics. 5. The mechanical equivalent of heat" | ||
| 1872 | فريدرش فولر | "For his numerous contributions to the science of chemistry, and more especially for his researches on the products of the decomposition of cyanogens by ammonia; on the derivatives of uric acid; on the benzoyl series; on boron, silicon, & their compounds; and on meteoric stones" | ||
| 1873 | هرمان فون هلمهولتز | "For his researches in physics and physiology" | ||
| 1874 | لوي باستير | "For his researches on fermentation and on pelerine" | ||
| 1875 | آوغست فيلهلم فون هوفمان | "For his numerous contributions to the science of chemistry, and especially for his researches on the derivatives of ammonia" | ||
| 1876 | كلود برنارد | "For his numerous contributions to the science of physiology" | ||
| 1877 | جيمس دوايت دانا | "For his biological, geological, and mineralogical investigations, carried on through half a century, and for the valuable works in which his conclusions and discoveries have been published" | ||
| 1878 | Jean Baptiste Boussingault | "For his long-continued and important researches and discoveries in agricultural chemistry" | ||
| 1879 | رودولف كلاوزيوس | "For his well-known researches upon heat" | ||
| 1880 | جيمس جوزيف سيلفستر | "For his long continued investigations & discoveries in mathematics" | ||
| 1881 | شارلز أدولف فورتز | "For his discovery of the organic ammonias, the glycols, and other investigations which have exercised considerable influence on the progress of chemistry" | — | |
| 1882 | أرثور كايلي | "For his numerous profound and comprehensive researches in pure mathematics" | ||
| 1883 | لورد كلفن | "For (1) his discovery of the law of the universal dissipation of energy; (2) his researches and eminent services in physics, both experimental & mathematical, especially in the theory of electricity and thermodynamics" | ||
| 1884 | كارل لودفيغ | "For his investigations in physiology, and the great services which he has rendered to physiological science" | — | |
| 1885 | أوغست كيكولة | "For his researches in organic chemistry" | ||
| 1886 | فرانز إرنست نيومان | "For his researches in theoretical optics and electro-dynamics" | ||
| 1887 | جوزيف دالتون هوكر | "For his services to botanical science as an investigator, author, and traveller" | ||
| 1888 | توماس هنري هكسلي | "For his investigations on the morphology and histology of vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and for his services to biological science in general during many past years" | ||
| 1889 | جورج سالمون | "For his various papers on subjects of pure mathematics, and for the valuable mathematical treatises of which he is the author" | ||
| 1890 | سيمون نيوكومب | "For his contributions to the progress of gravitational astronomy" | ||
| 1891 | ستانيسلاو كانيزارو | "For his contributions to chemical philosophy especially for his application of Avogadros theory" | ||
| 1892 | رودولف فيرشو | "For his investigations in pathology, pathological anatomy, and prehistoric archaeology" | ||
| 1893 | جورج جابرييل ستوكس | "For his researches and discoveries in physical science" | ||
| 1894 | إدوارد فرانكلاند | "For his eminent services to theoretical & applied chemistry" | ||
| 1895 | كارل ويرستراس | بفضل أبحاثه في الرياضيات الخالصة | ||
| 1896 | Karl Gegenbaur | "For his life-long researches in comparative anatomy in all branches of the animal kingdom. etc., etc" | — | |
| 1897 | ألبرت فون كوليكر | "In recognition of his important work in embryology, comparative anatomy, and physiology, and especially for his eminence as a histologist" | — | |
| 1898 | ويليام هاغينز | "For his researches in spectrum analysis applied to the heavenly bodies" | ||
| 1899 | جون ويليام ستروت | "In recognition of his contributions to physical science" |
| السنة | الصورة | الاسم | السبب | ملحوظة |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1900 | مارسيلان بيرتيلو | "For his brilliant services to chemical science" | ||
| 1901 | جوزيه غيبس | "For his contributions to mathematical physics" | ||
| 1902 | جوزف ليستر | "In recognition of the value of his physiological and pathological researches in regard to their influence on the modern practice of surgery" | ||
| 1903 | إدوارد سوس | "For his eminent geological services, & especially for the original researches & conclusions published in his great work 'Das Antlitz der Erde'" | ||
| 1904 | وليام كروكس | "For his long-continued researches in spectroscopic chemistry, on electrical & mechanical phenomena in highly-rarefied gases, on radio-active phenomena, and other subjects" | ||
| 1905 | ديميتري مندلييف | "For his contributions to chemical and physical science" | ||
| 1906 | إيليا ميتشنيكوف | "On the ground of the importance of his work in zoology and in pathology" | ||
| 1907 | ألبرت ميكلسون | بفضل أبحاثه في البصريات | ||
| 1908 | ألفرد راسل والاس | "On the ground of the great value of his numerous contributions to natural history, and of the part he took in working out the theory of the origin of species by natural selection" | ||
| 1909 | جورج وليام هيل | "On the ground of his researches in mathematical astronomy" | ||
| 1910 | فرانسيس جالتون | "بفضل أبحاثه في الوراثة" | ||
| 1911 | جورج داروين | "On the ground of his researches on tidal theory, the figures of the planets, and allied subjects" | ||
| 1912 | فيليكس كلاين | بفضل أبحاثه في الرياضيات | ||
| 1913 | راي لانكستر | "On the ground of the high scientific value of the researches in zoology carried out by him" | ||
| 1914 | جوزيف جون طومسون | "On the ground of his discoveries in physical science" | ||
| 1915 | إيفان بافلوف | "On the ground of his investigations in the physiology of digestion and of the higher centres of the nervous system" | ||
| 1916 | جيمس ديوار | "For his important investigations in physical chemistry, more especially his researches on the liquefaction of gases" | ||
| 1917 | بيير بول إميل رو | "On the ground of his eminence as a bacteriologist, and as a pioneer in serum therapy" | ||
| 1918 | هندريك أنتون لورنتس | "On the ground of his distinguished researches in mathematical physics" | ||
| 1919 | وليام بايليس | "On the ground of his researches in general physiology & biophysics" | ||
| 1920 | هوراس تابيرير براون | "On the ground of his work on the chemistry of carbohydrates, &c" | ||
| 1921 | جوزيف لارمور | "For his researches in mathematical physics" | ||
| 1922 | إرنست رذرفورد | "For his researches in radio activity & atomic structure" | ||
| 1923 | هوراس لامب | "For his researches in mathematical physics" | ||
| 1924 | إدوارد ألبرت شاربي شافر | "For the valuable work he has done in physiology and histology and the position he now occupies as a leader in these sciences" | — | |
| 1925 | ألبرت أينشتاين | "For his theory of relativity and his contributions to the quantum theory" | ||
| 1926 | فريدريك هوبكنس | "For his distinguished and fruitful work in biochemistry" | ||
| 1927 | تشارلز شرينغتون | "For his distinguished work on neurology" | ||
| 1928 | تشارلز ألجرنون بارسونز | "For his contributions to engineering science" | — | |
| 1929 | ماكس بلانك | "For his contributions to theoretical physics and especially as the originator of the quantum theory" | ||
| 1930 | ويليام هنري براغ | "For his distinguished contributions to crystallography and radioactivity" | ||
| 1931 | آرثر شوستر | "For his distinguished researches in optics and terrestrial magnetism" | ||
| 1932 | جورج هيل | "For his distinguished work on the solar magnetic phenomena and for his eminence as a scientific engineer, especially in connexion with Mount Wilson Observatory" | ||
| 1933 | ثيوبالد سميث | "For his original research and observation on diseases of animals and man" | ||
| 1934 | جون سكوت هولدين | "In recognition of his discoveries in human physiology and of their application to medicine, mining, diving and engineering" | ||
| 1935 | تشارلز ويلسون | "For his work on the use of clouds in advancing our knowledge of atoms and their properties" | ||
| 1936 | آرثر إيفانز | "In recognition of his pioneer work in Crete, particularly his contributions to the history and civilization of its Minoan age" | ||
| 1937 | هنري ديل | "In recognition of his important contributions to physiology and pharmacology, particularly in relation to the nervous and neuro-muscular systems" | ||
| 1938 | نيلز بور | "In recognition of his distinguished work in the development of the quantum theory of atomic structure" | ||
| 1939 | توماس مورغان | "For his establishment of the modern science of genetics which had revolutionized our understanding, not only of heredity, but of the mechanism and nature of evolution" | ||
| 1940 | بول لانجفان | "For his pioneer work on the electron theory of magnetism, his fundamental contributions to discharge of electricity in gases, and his important work in many branches of theoretical physics" | ||
| 1941 | توماس لويس (طبيب قلب) | "For his clinical and experimental investigations upon the mammalian heart" | ||
| 1942 | Robert Robinson (scientist) | "For his research work of outstanding originality and brilliance which has influenced the whole field of organic chemistry" | ||
| 1943 | جوزيف باركروفت | "For his distinguished work on respiration and the respiratory function of the blood" | ||
| 1944 | جيفري إنغرام تايلور | "For his many contributions to aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, and the structure of metals, which have had a profound influence on the advance of physical science and its applications" | ||
| 1945 | أوزوالد آفري | "For his success in introducing chemical methods in the study of immunity against infective diseases" | ||
| 1946 | إدغار أدريان | "For his distinguished researches on the fundamental nature of nervous activity, and recently on the localization of certain nervous functions" | ||
| 1947 | غودفري هارولد هاردي | "For his distinguished part in the development of mathematical analysis in England during the last thirty years" | ||
| 1948 | أرشيبالد هل | "For his distinguished researches on myothermal problems and on biophysical phenomena in nerve and other tissues" | ||
| 1949 | جورج هيفيشي | "For his distinguished work on the chemistry of radioactive elements and especially for his development of the radioactive tracer techniques in the investigation of biological processes" | ||
| 1950 | جيمس تشادويك | "For his outstanding work in nuclear physics and in the development of atomic energy, especially for his discovery of the neutron" | ||
| 1951 | ديفيد كيلين | "For his fundamental researches in the fields of protozoology, entomology and the biochemistry of enzymes" | ||
| 1952 | بول ديراك | "In recognition of his remarkable contributions to relativistic dynamics of a particle in quantum mechanics" | ||
| 1953 | ألبرت كلايفر | "For his distinguished contributions of a fundamental character to the science of microbiology" | — | |
| 1954 | إدموند تايلور ويتاكر | "For his distinguished contributions to both pure and applied mathematics and to theoretical physics" | ||
| 1955 | رونالد فيشر | "In recognition of his numerous and distinguished contributions to developing the theory and application of statistics for making quantitative a vast field of biology" | ||
| 1956 | باتريك بلاكيت | "In recognition of his outstanding studies of cosmic ray showers and heavy mesons and in the field of palaeomagnetism" | — | |
| 1957 | هوارد فلوري | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to experimental pathology and medicine" | ||
| 1958 | جون إيدنسور ليتلوود | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to many branches of analysis, including Tauberian theory, the Riemann zeta function, and non-linear differential equations" | ||
| 1959 | فرانك ماكفارلين بورنيت | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of viruses and of immunology" | ||
| 1960 | هارولد جيفريز | "In recognition of his distinguished work in many branches of geophysics, and also in the theory of probability and astronomy" | ||
| 1961 | هانس كريبس | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to biochemistry, in particular his work on the ornithine, tricarboxylic acid and glyoxylate cycles" | s | |
| 1962 | سيريل هنشلوود | "In recognition of his distinguished researches in the field of chemical kinetics, including the study of biological reaction mechanisms, and of his outstanding contributions to natural philosophy" | ||
| 1963 | بول فيلدز | "In recognition of his pioneering contributions to bacteriology." | — | |
| 1964 | Sydney Chapman Sydney Chapman (astronomer) | "In recognition of his theoretical contributions to terrestrial and interplanetary magnetism, the ionosphere and the aurora borealis" | ||
| 1965 | آلن لويد هودجكين | "In recognition of his discovery of the mechanism of excitation and impulse conduction in nerve, and his outstanding leadership in the development of neurophysiology" | — | |
| 1966 | وليام لورنس براغ | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the development of methods of structural determination by X-ray diffraction" | ||
| 1967 | برنارد كاتس | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of the fundamental processes involved in transmission across the neuromuscular junction" | — | |
| 1968 | تاديوش رايخشتاين | "In recognition of his distinguished work on the chemistry of vitamin C and his authoritative studies of the cortico-steroids" | — | |
| 1969 | بيتر مدور | "In recognition of his distinguished studies of tissue transplantation and immunological tolerance" | ||
| 1970 | Alexander Todd | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to both the analytical and synthetic chemistry of natural products of diverse types" | ||
| 1971 | نورمان بيري | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to biochemistry and especially for his elucidation of the nature of plant viruses" | — | |
| 1972 | نيفيل موت | "In recognition of his original contributions over a long period to atomic and solid state physics" | ||
| 1973 | أندرو هكسلي | "In recognition of his outstanding studies on the mechanisms of the nerve impulse and of activation of muscular contraction" | — | |
| 1974 | وليام فالانس دوغلاس هودج | "In recognition of his pioneering work in algebraic geometry, notably in his theory of harmonic integrals" | ||
| 1975 | فرنسيس كريك | "In recognition of his elucidation of the structure of DNA and his continuing contribution to molecular biology" | ||
| 1976 | دوروثي هودجكن | "In recognition of her outstanding work on the structures of complex molecules, particularly Penicillin, vitamin B12 and insulin" | ||
| 1977 | فردريك سانغر | "In recognition of his distinguished work on the chemical structure of proteins and his studies on the sequences of nucleic acids" | ||
| 1978 | روبرت وودورد | "In recognition of his masterly contributions to the synthesis of complex natural products and his discovery of the importance of orbital symmetry" | ||
| 1979 | ماكس بيروتس | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to molecular biology through his own studies of the structure and biological activity of haemoglobin and his leadership in the development of the subject" | ||
| 1980 | ديريك هارولد بارتون | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to a wide range of problems in structural and synthetic organic chemistry and، in particular, his introduction of conformational analysis into stereochemistry" | ||
| 1981 | بيتر ميتشل | |||
| 1982 | جون كورنفورث | "In recognition of his distinguished research on the stereochemically-controlled synthesis and biosynthesis of biologically important molecules" | ||
| 1983 | رودني بورتر | "In recognition of his elucidation of the structure of immunoglobulins and of the reactions involved in activating the complement system of proteins" | — | |
| 1984 | سابرامانين تشاندراسخار | "In recognition of his distinguished work on theoretical physics, including stellar structure, theory of radiation, hydrodynamic stability and relativity" | ||
| 1985 | آرون كلوغ | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to our understanding of complex biological structures and the methods used for determining them" | ||
| 1986 | رودولف بيرلز | "In recognition of his fundamental contributions to a very wide range of theoretical physics, and signal advances in proposing the probable existence of nuclear chain reactions in fissile materials" | ||
| 1987 | روبن هيل (كيميائي حيوي) | "In recognition of his pioneering contributions to the understanding of the nature and mechanism of the main pathway of electron transport in photosynthesis" | — | |
| 1988 | مايكل عطية | اعترافا بمساهماته في مجالات عدة في الهندسة الرياضية والطوبولوجيا والتحليل والفيزياء النظرية. | ||
| 1989 | سيزار ميلشتاين | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to immunology, in particular to the discovery of monoclonal antibodies and to the understanding of the role of somatic mutations in the maturation of the immune response" | — | |
| 1990 | محمد عبد السلام | "In recognition of his work on the symmetries of the laws of nature, and especially the unification of the electromagnetic and weak forces" | ||
| 1991 | سيدني برانر | "In recognition of his many contributions to molecular genetics and developmental biology, and his recent role in the Human Genome mapping project" | — | |
| 1992 | جورج بورتر | "In recognition of his contributions to fundamental understanding of fast photochemical and photophysical processes and their role in chemistry and biology" | ||
| 1993 | جيمس واتسون | "In recognition of his tireless pursuit of DNA, from the elucidation of its structure to the social and medical implications of the sequencing of the human genome" | ||
| 1994 | فريدريك تشارلز فرانك | "In recognition of his fundamental contribution to the theory of crystal morphology, in particular to the source of dislocations and their consequences in interfaces and crystal growth; to fundamental understanding of liquid crystals and the concept of disclination; and to the extension of crystallinity concepts to aperiodic crystals. He has also contributed through a variety of remarkable insights into a great number of physical problems" | — | |
| 1995 | فرانك فنر | "In recognition of his contribution to animal virology with special emphasis on the pox and myxomatosis viruses and their relationship with the host in causing disease" | — | |
| 1996 | آلن كوتريل | "In recognition of his contribution to the understanding of mechanical properties of materials and related topics through his pioneering studies on crystal plasticity, dislocation impurity interactions, fracture and irradiation effects" | ||
| 1997 | هيو هكسلي | "In recognition of his pioneering work on the structure of muscle and on the molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction, providing solutions to one of the great problems in physiology" | — | |
| 1998 | جيمس لايتهيل | "In recognition of his profound contributions to many fields within fluid mechanics including important aspects of the interaction of sound and fluid flow and numerous other contributions which have had practical applications in aircraft engine design. He is noted also for his ground-breaking work on both external bio-fluid-dynamics - analysis of mechanisms of swimming and flying - and internal bio-fluid-dynamics, including flow in the cardiovascular system and the airways, and cochlear mechanics and other aspects of hearing" | ||
| 1999 | جون ماينارد سميث | "تقديرا لمساهماته الابداعية في علم الأحياء التطوري، بما فيها عمله التجريبي على الاصطفاء الجنسي، اسهاماته الهامة في فهمنا للشيخوخة، تقديمه لوسائط نظرية للألعاب لتحليل السيناريوهات التطورية المعقدة، وبحثه في التطور الجزيئي، من خلال عمله الكلاسيكي على الترافق الجيني، وعمله الأحدث والمتواصل على نمو التجمعات البكتيرية" | ||
| 2000 | آلن باترسبي | "In recognition of his pioneering work in elucidating the detailed biosynthetic pathways to all the major families of plant alkaloids. His approach, which stands as a paradigm for future biosynthetic studies on complex molecules, combines isolation work, structure determination, synthesis, isotopic labelling and spectroscopy, especially advanced NMR, as well as genetics and molecular biology. This spectacular research revealed the entire pathway to vitamin B12" | ||
| 2001 | جاك ميلر | "For his work on the immunological function of the thymus and of T cells, which has revolutionised the science of immunology. Professor Millers work is paving the way for designing new methods to improve resistance to infections, producing new vaccines, enhancing graft survival, dealing with autoimmunity and even persuading the immune system to reject cancer cells" | — | |
| 2002 | جون بوبل | "For his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry. His work transformed density functional theory into a powerful theoretical tool for chemistry, chemical physics and biology" | ||
| 2003 | جون غوردون | "For his unique range of groundbreaking discoveries in the fields of cell and developmental biology. He pioneered the concept that specialised cells are genetically equivalent and that they differ only in the genes they express not the genes they contain, a concept fundamental to modern biology" | — | |
| 2004 | هارولد كروتو | "in recognition of his seminal contributions to understanding the fundamental dynamics of carbon chain molecules, leading to the detection of these species (polyynes) in the interstellar medium by radioastronomy, and thence to the genesis of a new era in carbon science" | ||
| 2005 | بول نرس | "for his contributions to cell biology in general, and to the elucidation of the control of cell division" | — | |
| 2006 | ستيفن هوكينغ | لإسهاماته القيمة في مجالي الفيزياء النظرية وعلم الكونيات النظري | ||
| 2007 | روبرت ماي | "لدراساته الأصيلة عن التفاعلات بين وفي بيولوجية السكان والتي أعادت تشكيل فهمنا لكيفية استجابة الأنواع والمجتمعات والنظم البيئية بأكملها للكوارث الطبيعية أو الاضطرابات التي سببها البشر." | — | |
| 2008 | روجر بنروز | "لرؤاه الجميلة والأصيلة في مجال الرياضيات والفيزياء الرياضية. وللسير روجر مساهمات رائعة عن النظرية النسبية العامة وعلم الكونيات، وأبرز ذلك عمله على الثقوب السوداء والانفجار الكوني الكبير" | — | |
| 2009 | مارتن إيفانز | "عن عمله الأساسي حول الخلايا الجذعية الجنينية في الفئران، والذي أحدث ثورة في مجال علم الوراثة." | — | |
| 2010 | ديفيد كوكس | "لمساهماته الأساسية في نظريات وتطبيقات الإحصاء." | ||
| توماس لندال | "لمساهماته الأساسية لفهم تعديل الكيمياء الحيوية للدي ان إي." | |||
| 2011 | دان مكنزي | "لمساهماته الأساسية في فهم الظواهر الجيولوجية والجيوفيزيائية للصفائح التكتونية." |
| في كومنز صور وملفات عن: وسام كوبلي |
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