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人民

Chinese edit

man; person; peoplethe people; nationality; citizen
simp. and trad.
(人民)		人民
anagram民人

Etymology edit

Attestable in pre-Qin texts as a term meaning "common people". Modern sense first attested in An English and Chinese dictionary published in 1884 by W. Lobscheid.

Pronunciation edit

Rime
Character人民
Reading #1/11/1
Initial (聲)日 (38)明 (4)
Final (韻)眞 (43)眞 (43)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)OpenOpen
Division (等)IIIIII
Fanqie如鄰切彌鄰切
Baxternyinmjin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ȵiɪn//miɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		/ȵin//min/
Shao
Rongfen		/ȵʑjen//mjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ȵin//min/
Li
Rong		/ȵiĕn//miĕn/
Wang
Li		/ȵʑĭĕn//mĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ȵʑi̯ĕn//mi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		rénmín
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		jan4man4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character人民
Reading #1/11/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		rénmín
Middle
Chinese		‹ nyin ›‹ mjin ›
Old
Chinese		/*ni[ŋ]//*mi[ŋ]/
English(other) personpeople

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character人民
Reading #1/11/1
No.108009130
Phonetic
component		人民
Rime
group		眞眞
Rime
subdivision		11
Corresponding
MC rime		仁民
Old
Chinese		/*njin//*min/

Noun edit

人民

  1. people (collectively, as members of society)
    熱愛人民／热爱人民  ―  rè'ài rénmín  ―  to love the people
    人民民主專政／人民民主专政  ―  rénmín mínzhǔ zhuānzhèng  ―  people's democratic dictatorship
    全過程人民民主／全过程人民民主  ―  quán guòchéng rénmín mínzhǔ  ―  whole-process people's democracy
    人民生活步步高  ―  rénmín shēnghuó bùbùgāo  ―  the lives of the people improve step by step
    科技應為人民利益服務。 [MSC, trad.]
    科技应为人民利益服务。 [MSC, simp.]
    Kējì yīng wèi rénmín lìyì fúwù. [Pinyin]
    Science and technology should work for the good of the people.
    中國人民政治協商會議 [MSC, trad.]
    中国人民政治协商会议 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhōngguó rénmín zhèngzhì xiéshāng huìyì [Pinyin]
    Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
  2. humanity; humans (as a collective); humankind; the human race

Usage notes edit

人民 (rénmín) can only refer to people collectively, as a unit. To refer to people as individually countable persons, use 人 (rén). To refer to people in an otherwise general sense, use 人們／人们 (rénmen).

Synonyms edit

  • (people):

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (人民):

Others:

See also edit

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
人民
じん
Grade: 1		みん
Grade: 4
on’yomi

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese compound 人民 (MC nyin mjin). Compare modern Mandarin 人民 (rénmín), Wu 人民 (6zen-min), Min Nan 人民 (jîn-bîn).

Formerly pronounced with a consistent 呉音 (goon) reading of ninmin, later changing to a mixed 漢音 (kan'on) / 呉音 (goon) reading of jinmin.[1][2]

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

人(じん)民(みん) • (jinmin) 

  1. the people, the general public, the citizens

Synonyms edit

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

References edit

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
人民

Noun edit

人民 • (inmin) (hangeul 인민)

  1. Hanja form? of 인민 (“the people (of a country), citizens”).

Vietnamese edit

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
人民

Noun edit

人民

  1. chữ Hán form of nhân dân (“people”).
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