zi-
See also: Appendix:Variations of "zi"
Northern Ndebele edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.
Prefix edit
zi-
Southern Ndebele edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.
Prefix edit
zi-
Swahili edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *jí-.
Prefix edit
zi-
- they; n class(X) subject concord
- verb-initial form of -zi- (“them, n class(X) object concord”)
See also edit
Swahili verbal concords (third person)
Class | Subject concord | Object concord | Relative | |
---|---|---|---|---|
affirmative | negative | |||
m(I) | a-, yu- | ha-, hayu- | -m-, -mw-, -mu- | -ye |
wa(II) | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | -o |
m(III) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
mi(IV) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
ji(V) | li- | hali- | -li- | -lo |
ma(VI) | ya- | haya- | -ya- | -yo |
ki(VII) | ki- | haki- | -ki- | -cho |
vi(VIII) | vi- | havi- | -vi- | -vyo |
n(IX) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
n(X) | zi- | hazi- | -zi- | -zo |
u(XI) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
ku(XV/XVII) | ku- | haku- | -ku- | -ko |
pa(XVI) | pa- | hapa- | -pa- | -po |
mu(XVIII) | m-, mw-, mu- | ham-, hamw-, hamu- | -mu- | -mo |
For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns. |
Tooro edit
Alternative forms edit
- (before vowels) z-
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *jí-.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
zi-
- class 10 pronominal concord
- they; class 10 subject concord
- zi- + -kora (“to do”) → zikora (“they (class 10) do”)
- positive imperative form of -zi- (“them; class 10 object concord”)
- zi- + -ha (“to give”) → ziha (“give them (class 10)”)
See also edit
Tooro personal pronouns
Class | Person | Independent | Possessive | Subject concord | Object concord | Combined forms | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
na | ni | ||||||
Class 1 | First | nyowe, nye | -ange | n- | -n- | nanyowe, nanye | ninyowe, ninye |
Second | iwe | -awe | o- | -ku- | naiwe | niiwe | |
Third | uwe | -e | a- | -mu- | nawe | nuwe | |
Class 2 | First | itwe | -aitu | tu- | -tu- | naitwe | niitwe |
Second | inywe | -anyu | mu- | -ba- | nainywe | niinywe | |
Third | abo | -abo | ba- | -ba- | nabo | nubo | |
Class 3 | gwo | -agwo | gu- | -gu- | nagwo | nugwo | |
Class 4 | yo | -ayo | e- | -gi- | nayo | niyo | |
Class 5 | lyo | -alyo | li- | -li- | nalyo | niryo | |
Class 6 | go | -ago | ga- | -ga- | nago | nugo | |
Class 7 | kyo | -akyo | ki- | -ki- | nakyo | nikyo | |
Class 8 | byo | -abyo | bi- | -bi- | nabyo | nibyo | |
Class 9 | yo | -ayo | e- | -gi- | nayo | niyo | |
Class 10 | zo | -azo | zi- | -zi- | nazo | nizo | |
Class 11 | rwo | -arwo | ru- | -ru- | narwo | nurwo | |
Class 12 | ko | -ako | ka- | -ka- | nako | nuko | |
Class 13 | two | -atwo | tu- | -tu- | natwo | nutwo | |
Class 14 | bwo | -abwo | bu- | -bu- | nabwo | nubwo | |
Class 15 | kwo | -akwo | ku- | -ku- | nakwo | nukwo | |
Class 16 | ho | -aho | ha- | -ha- | naho | nuho | |
Class 17 | (kwo) | N/A | ha- (...-yo) | -ha- | N/A | nukwo | |
Class 18 | (mwo) | -amwo | ha- (...-mu) | -ha- | N/A | numwo | |
Reflexive | -enyini, -onyini | — | -e- | — |
References edit
Xhosa edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.
Prefix edit
zi-
Zulu edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.
Prefix edit
zi-
- Class 8 simple noun prefix.
- Class 10 simple noun prefix, used when preceding a consonant n, m, or l.
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.
Prefix edit
zí-
- they; class 8 subject concord.
- them; class 8 object concord.
- they; class 10 subject concord.
- them; class 10 object concord.
References edit
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “zi-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “zi-”
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