suka

Noun edit

suka

1. (anatomy) bone

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Russian сука (suka).

Noun edit

suka (definite accusative sukanı, plural sukalar)

1. (vulgar, offensive) bitch (contemptible person, usually but not necessarily female)
2. (prison slang) snitch, inmate who collaborates with prison administration

Declension edit

Further reading edit

• “suka” in Obastan.com.

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *suka₂ (“to vomit”). Cognate with Tagalog suka, Cebuano suka, and Tausug suka.

Pronunciation edit

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/, [ˈsu.ka]

Noun edit

súka

1. vomit; puke

   Synonyms: digwa, sukalkag

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowing ultimately from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Cognate with Ilocano suka and Maranao soka'.

Pronunciation edit

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• IPA^(key): /ˈsukaʔ/, [ˈsu.kaʔ]

Noun edit

sukà

1. vinegar

Derived terms edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Philippine *suka.

Pronunciation edit

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• (General Cebuano)
• IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/, [ˈs̪u.kʌ]
• Rhymes: -a

Noun edit

suka

1. vomit

Verb edit

suka

1. to vomit; to puke
2. (figuratively) to squeal; to reveal a secret

Derived terms edit

• dugso

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowing ultimately from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”).^[1]First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.

Pronunciation edit

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• (General Cebuano)
• IPA^(key): /ˈsukaʔ/, [ˈs̪u.kʌʔ]
• Rhymes: -a

Noun edit

suka

1. vinegar; a sour liquid formed by the fermentation of alcohol used as a condiment or preservative; a dilute solution of acetic acid

References edit

Noun edit

suka

1. genitive singular of sukk

Etymology edit

From English sugar.

Noun edit

suka

1. sugar

Etymology edit

From Proto-Finnic *suka, from Proto-Finno-Permic *śuka, borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?] (compare Sanskrit शूक (śūka, “awn (of grain)”)). Alternative theory suggests more recent borrowing from Baltic (compare Latvian suka). Cognate with Kildin Sami чоагкь (čågk’), Erzya сюва (śuva).

Pronunciation edit

• IPA^(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈs̠ukɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ukɑ
• Syllabification^(key): su‧ka

Noun edit

suka

1. A brush, especially one used for brushing animals.
2. currycomb

Declension edit

Derived terms edit

See also edit

• harja

Further reading edit

• “suka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams edit

• -ksua, Saku, saku

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Noun edit

suka (plural sukaaɓe ɓe)

1. young man, young person

Usage notes edit

• Used in Pular.

Related terms edit

References edit

• Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.

Etymology edit

Ultimately borrowed from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Cognate with Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Tagalog suka, Maranao soka', Pangasinan tuka, and Tausug sukaꞌ.

Pronunciation edit

• IPA^(key): /suˈka/, [suˈka]
• Hyphenation: su‧ka

Noun edit

suká

1. vinegar

Derived terms edit

Etymology edit

From Malay suka, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha, “joy”).

Pronunciation edit

• IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• Rhymes: -ka, -a

Noun edit

suka (first-person possessive sukaku, second-person possessive sukamu, third-person possessive sukanya)

1. pleasure

Verb edit

suka (base-imperative locative suka, active locative menyukai, ordinary passive locative disukai)

1. like

   Dia suka memasak.

   She likes to cook.

2. love

Synonyms edit

• (like): senang, gemar
• (love): gemar, cinta

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

• “suka” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Etymology edit

From Proto-Finnic *suka. Cognates include Finnish suka and Estonian suga.

Pronunciation edit

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈs̠ukɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈʃuɡ̊ɑ]
• Rhymes: -ukɑ
• Hyphenation: su‧ka

Noun edit

suka

1. comb

Declension edit

Derived terms edit

References edit

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 547

Romanization edit

suka

1. Rōmaji transcription of すか
2. Rōmaji transcription of スカ

Etymology 1 edit

There are competing theories on the origin of this word. The first (and more probable) one assumes that it comes from Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig”) > derived form *suk- “pig” (masc., fem.), “coarse hair, bristle” (neut.). Originally suka was the neuter plural form, but it became feminine singular after the general loss of the neuter gender, with semantic change “bristles” > “brush” (compare German Bürste (“brush”), Borste (“bristle”)). Borrowings by Finnic languages from Baltic languages support this evolution (e.g., Finnish suka (“pig bristle (archaic), currycomb”)). The second theory considers suka cognate to Lithuanian šùkos (“brush”), Russian щётка (ščótka, “brush”), Sanskrit शूक (śūka, “needle”), all from Proto-Indo-European *ḱū- (“pointed”). A third theory attributes these words to Proto-Indo-European *kes-, *ks- (“to cut, to carve”).^[1]

Noun edit

suka f (4th declension)

1. brush (instrument made with flexible bristles attached to a handle, used especially for grooming hair)

   drēbju, apavu suka ― clothes, shoe brush

   matu suka ― hairbrush

   zobu suka ― toothbrush

   zirgu suka ― horse brush, currycomb

   saru, tērauda suka ― bristle, steel brush

   tīrīt drēbes ar suku ― to clean (one's) clothes with a brush

Declension edit

Derived terms edit

• zobu suka

Related terms edit

• sukāt

See also edit

• ķemme
• ota
• slota

Etymology 2 edit

From Russian сука (suka).

Noun edit

suka f (4th declension)

1. (vulgar) bitch

References edit

Etymology edit

From Sanskrit सुख (sukha, “joy”).

Pronunciation edit

• Rhymes: -ka
• Rhymes: -a

Verb edit

suka (Jawi spelling سوک)

1. to like, to love

Noun edit

suka (Jawi spelling سوک, plural suka-suka, informal 1st possessive sukaku, 2nd possessive sukamu, 3rd possessive sukanya)

1. happiness, joy

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

• Indonesian: suka
• → Hokkien: 舒合 (su-kah)
• → Teochew: 舒合 (su¹ gah⁴)

References edit

• Edi Sedyawati, Ellya Iswati, Kusparyati Boedhijono, Dyah Widjajanti D. (1994) Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, →ISBN, page 336
• Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “سوک soeka”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 38
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “سوک suka”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 421
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “suka”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 495
• "suka" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.

Further reading edit

• “suka” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Compare Sanskrit शुक (śuka).

Noun edit

suka m

1. parrot

Declension edit

Synonyms edit

• suva
• kīra

References edit

Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “suka”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead Childers, Robert Caesar, Dictionary of the Päli language, London: Trübner & Company, 1875, page 488.

Verb edit

-suka

1. to go away, to leave

Inflection edit

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sùka, further etymology unclear.

Sense #3 from an association with pies (“dog, slang: cop”).

Pronunciation edit

• IPA^(key): /ˈsu.ka/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uka
• Syllabification: su‧ka

Noun edit

suka f (diminutive suczka, related adjective suczy)

1. bitch (female dog)
2. (derogatory, vulgar) bitch
3. (slang) police van

Declension edit

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

• → Vilamovian: su̇ka

Further reading edit

• suka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• suka in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Noun edit

suka

1. furrow
2. whistle, whistling noise

Usage notes edit

Not to be confused with suk'a, sukha.

Declension edit

See also edit

• sukay

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sùka, further etymology unclear.

Pronunciation edit

• IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/

Noun edit

suka f (declension pattern of žena)

1. bitch

   Synonyms: fena f, fenka f

Declension edit

Derived terms edit

• sučí
• sučka f

Further reading edit

• “suka”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Pronunciation edit

• Audio (Kenya)

  (file)

Verb edit

-suka (infinitive kusuka)

1. to shake
2. to braid, weave

Conjugation edit

Derived terms edit

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -sukia
  • Conversive: -sukua (“loosen, untwist”)
  • Passive: -sukwa
  • Reduplicative: -sukasuka (“disturb, worry”)

• Nominal derivations:
  • masuko (“shaking, excitement”)
  • msuka (“braider”)
  • msukosuko (“unrest, turmoil”)
  • msusi (“braider”)

Verb edit

-suka

1. to move away

Inflection edit

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms edit

• suca — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Philippine *suka (“to vomit”). Compare Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Hiligaynon suka, Kapampangan suka, Tausug suka, and Waray-Waray suka.

Pronunciation edit

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/, [ˈsu.xɐ]
• Rhymes: -uka
• Syllabification: su‧ka

Noun edit

suka (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜃ)

1. vomit

   Synonyms: duwal, lungad, (obsolete) alibukay

2. vomiting; emesis

   Synonyms: duwal, (obsolete) alibukay

Derived terms edit

See also edit

• lungad

Etymology 2 edit

Ultimately from Sanskrit चुक्र (cukra, “tamarind tree; vinegar made by acetous fermentation”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Cognate with Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Ilocano suka, Maranao soka', Pangasinan tuka, and Tausug suka'.

Pronunciation edit

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈsukaʔ/, [ˈsu.xɐʔ]
• Rhymes: -ukaʔ
• Syllabification: su‧ka

Noun edit

sukà (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜃ)

1. vinegar
2. (by extension) sour fruit used for seasoning food (such as tamarind, tomatoes, green mangoes, etc.)

Derived terms edit

See also edit

• sinigang

References edit

• Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 156
• Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera (1887) El sanscrito en la lengua tagalog‎^[3] (in Spanish), Paris: Imprimerie de la Faculté de Médecine, A. Davy, page 52
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎^[4] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier

Further reading edit

• “suka” at KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino‎^[5], Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2021
• “suka”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Anagrams edit

• kusa

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

• IPA^(key): [ˈsu.ka]

Verb edit

suka

1. (transitive) to split
2. (transitive) to crack
3. (transitive) to break

Conjugation edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Malay suka, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha). The noun may derive from N- (“nominalizer”) +‎ suka, which produces no change on the initial consonant s.

Pronunciation edit

• IPA^(key): [ˈsu.ka]

Verb edit

suka

1. (transitive) to like

Noun edit

suka

1. a like, something that is liked

References edit

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Verb edit

suka

1. to leave

Etymology edit

From Proto-Finnic *suka.

Pronunciation edit

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈsukɑ]
• Rhymes: -ukɑ
• Hyphenation: su‧ka

Noun edit

suka

1. comb
2. crest (of a horse)

Inflection edit

References edit

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “suka”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

Etymology edit

Borrowed from English sugar.

Pronunciation edit

• IPA^(key): /su.ka/
• Hyphenation: su‧ka

Noun edit

suka

1. sugar

Noun edit

sukà

1. vinegar

Etymology edit

From Malay suka, possibly through Ternate, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha).

Pronunciation edit

• IPA^(key): /ˈs̪u.ka/

Verb edit

suka

1. (transitive) to like
2. (modal, auxiliary) to very much want to (do something)
3. (modal, auxiliary) to like to (do something)

   coba ni suka nidadi puni ― if you would like to become a spirit

Usage notes edit

As a modal verb, it does not appear to be conjugated.

Conjugation edit

References edit

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[6], Pacific linguistics

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb edit

-súka

1. (intransitive) to be lost

Inflection edit

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology edit

Possibly from Proto-Bantu *-tíga (“to leave behind”) with the separative suffix *-ʊka, however the tonal change is unexplained. (Note that although this verb is a low toned verb, it is sometimes treated as high toned in the imperative form.) This would make the term related to -sala and -shiya.

Verb edit

-suka

1. (intransitive) to go away, to remove oneself
2. (intransitive) to leave, to depart, to set off
3. (intransitive) to originate

Inflection edit