馮

Translingual edit

Han character edit

馮 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+2, 12 strokes, cangjie input 戈一尸手火 (IMSQF), four-corner 3112₇, composition ⿰冫馬)

Derived characters edit

𪅯, 凴, 憑, 㵗, 𠘔, 𥂳, 𨝭

Related characters edit

冯 (Simplified Chinese)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1433, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44579
Dae Jaweon: page 1958, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4540, character 3
Unihan data for U+99AE

Chinese edit

trad.		馮
simp.		冯

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 馮
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (仌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
冫	*prɯŋ
冰	pŋrɯŋ, ŋrɯŋ
砅	pʰrɯŋ, rads
馮	brɯŋ, bɯŋ
憑	*bɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ) : phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) + semantic 馬 (“horse”).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Féng (Feng²)
(Zhuyin): ㄈㄥˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fung⁴
(Taishan, Dictionary): fuung³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phùng
(Meixian, Guangdong): pung²
Northern Min (KCR): bǒ̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): hùng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pâng / hông
(Teochew, Peng'im): bang⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶von

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Féng
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Fóng
  - Wade–Giles: Fêng²
  - Yale: Féng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Ferng
  - Palladius: Фэн (Fɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fung⁴
  - Yale: fùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: fung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Dictionary: fuung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɵŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: pungˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pung²
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰuŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: pung²
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰʊŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bǒ̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hùng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pâng
  - Tâi-lô: pâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: paang
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /paŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /paŋ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /paŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
  - Tâi-lô: hông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³/

Note:

pâng - vernacular (incl. surname);
hông - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: bang⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pâng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /paŋ⁵⁵/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶von
  - MiniDict: von^去
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³von
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /voŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: bjuwng

Rime
Character	馮
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房戎切
Baxter	bjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/biuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/biuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buwŋ/
Li Rong	/biuŋ/
Wang Li	/bĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	féng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fung⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[Cə.b]əŋ/
(Zhengzhang): /*bɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	馮
Reading #	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	píng
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*[Cə.b]əŋ/
English	Féng (surname)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	馮
Reading #	2/2
No.	861
Phonetic component	仌
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	馮
Old Chinese	/*bɯŋ/

Definitions edit

馮

a place near modern Luoyang
a surname
馮國璋／冯国璋 ― Féng Guózhāng ― Feng Guozhang (Chinese general and politician in early republican China)

Wikipedia has an article on:

馮姓

Descendants edit

→ English: Feng, Fung, Fong, Foong, Pang
- → Tagalog: Fung
→ Vietnamese: Phùng, 馮
- → English: Phung
- → French: Phung
- → Indonesian: Phung
→ Indonesian: Fung, Phung

Compounds edit

再作馮婦／再作冯妇 (zàizuòféngfù)
又作馮婦／又作冯妇
重作馮婦／重作冯妇
馮·卡門／冯·卡门 (Féng Kǎmén)
馮唐易老／冯唐易老
馮坪／冯坪 (Féngpíng)
馮婦／冯妇

Pronunciation 2 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): píng (ping²)
(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pang⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: píng
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: píng
  - Wade–Giles: pʻing²
  - Yale: píng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyng
  - Palladius: пин (pin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: pang⁴
  - Yale: pàhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pang⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: peng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɐŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: bing

Rime
Character	馮
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	扶冰切
Baxter	bing
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/bɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/bieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/biŋ/
Li Rong	/biəŋ/
Wang Li	/bĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	píng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ping⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]rəŋ/
(Zhengzhang): /*brɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	馮	馮
Reading #	1/3	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	píng	píng
Middle Chinese	‹ bing ›	‹ bing ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]rəŋ/	/*[b]rəŋ/
English	full, solid	lean on
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	馮
Reading #	1/2
No.	858
Phonetic component	仌
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	凭
Old Chinese	/*brɯŋ/

Definitions edit

馮

to gallop
(alt. form 淜, 憑／凭) to wade; to cross a river on foot
暴虎馮河／暴虎冯河 ― bàohǔfénghé ― recklessly courageous
full; great
to covet
to bully
to seize; to encroach on
to climb; to ascend
Alternative form of 憑／凭 (píng, “to lean on”)

Compounds edit

暴虎馮河／暴虎冯河 (bàohǔ-pínghé)
馮心／冯心
馮河／冯河
馮虛／冯虚
馮虛御風／冯虚御风
馮軾／冯轼

References edit

“馮”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

馮

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

(proper name character)

Readings edit

Go-on: びょう (byō); ぶ (bu); ぶう (bū)
Kan-on: ひょう (hyō); ほう (hō)
Kan’yō-on: ふう (fū)
Kun: たのむ (tanomu, 馮む); よる (yoru, 馮る)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

馮 • (pung) (hangeul 풍, revised pung, McCune–Reischauer p'ung, Yale phung)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

馮: Hán Nôm readings: Phùng

a Vietnamese surname