鑽

Translingual edit

Traditional	鑽
Shinjitai (extended)	鑚
Simplified	钻

Han character edit

鑽 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+19, 27 strokes, cangjie input 金竹山金 (CHUC), four-corner 8418₆, composition ⿰釒贊)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1327, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41082
Dae Jaweon: page 1828, character 31
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4276, character 7
Unihan data for U+947D

Chinese edit

trad.		鑽
simp.		钻^*
nonstandard simp.		𰿆
alternative forms		鑚鉆／钻

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (贊) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
贊	*ʔsaːns
趲	ʔsaːns, zaːnʔ
讚	*ʔsaːns
酇	ʔsaːns, zoːn
饡	*ʔsaːns
濽	*ʔsaːns
襸	*ʔsaːns
攢	ʔsaːns, ʔsoːnʔ
瓚	*zaːnʔ
禶	zaːnʔ, zoːn
穳	zaːns, zoːn
囋	zaːns, zaːd
鑽	ʔsoːn, ʔsoːns
劗	ʔsoːn, zoːn
纘	*ʔsoːnʔ
儧	*ʔsoːnʔ
鄼	*ʔsoːnʔ
欑	ʔsoːnʔ, zoːn
籫	*ʔsoːnʔ
巑	*zoːn
攅	*zoːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːn, *ʔsoːns) : semantic 釒／钅 + phonetic 贊 (OC *ʔsaːns).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zuān (zuan¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zyun³, zyun¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chon
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): choàn / chǹg / chùiⁿ
(Teochew, Peng'im): zeng³ / neng³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹tsoe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zuān
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zuan
  - Wade–Giles: tsuan¹
  - Yale: dzwān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuan
  - Palladius: цзуань (czuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯än⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zyun³, zyun¹
  - Yale: jyun, jyūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzyn³, dzyn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: jun³, jun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syːn³³/, /t͡syːn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chon
  - Hakka Romanization System: zon
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zon⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡son⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: choàn
  - Tâi-lô: tsuàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoaxn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡suan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡suan²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǹg
  - Tâi-lô: tsǹg
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zngx
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sŋ̍²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sŋ̍¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chùiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tsuìnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zvuix
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡suĩ²¹/

Note:

choàn - literary;
chǹg/chuìⁿ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zeng³ / neng³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̀ng / nṳ̀ng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɯŋ²¹³/, /nɯŋ²¹³/

Note:

zeng3 - literary;
neng3 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹tsoe
  - MiniDict: tsoe^平
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sø⁵³/

Middle Chinese: tswan

Rime
Character	鑽
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	借官切
Baxter	tswan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡suɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡suɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡swan/
Li Rong	/t͡suɑn/
Wang Li	/t͡suɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡suɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zuān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyun¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤor/
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsoːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鑽
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zuān
Middle Chinese	‹ tswan ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁor/
English	perforate, penetrate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鑽
Reading #	1/2
No.	16527
Phonetic component	贊
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	鑚
Old Chinese	/*ʔsoːn/

Definitions edit

鑽

to drill; to bore
to study intensively
to go deep into or go through; to get into; to break through; to pierce
to secure personal gain

Synonyms edit

(to drill):

戮空 (Hokkien)
打孔 (dǎkǒng)
打洞 (dǎdòng)
打眼 (dǎyǎn)
打窿 (Cantonese)
拍空 (Hokkien)
穿孔 (chuānkǒng)
鑿／凿
鑽孔／钻孔 (zuānkǒng)

(to study intensively):

探討／探讨 (tàntǎo)
摳／抠 (kōu)
查考 (chákǎo)
研修 (yánxiū)
研究 (yánjiū)
研習／研习 (yánxí)
研討／研讨 (yántǎo)
精研 (jīngyán) (formal)
細究／细究 (xìjiū)
考究
調查／调查 (diàochá)
鑽研／钻研 (zuānyán)

(to secure personal gain): 鑽營／钻营 (zuānyíng)

Compounds edit

不鑽營／不钻营
刁鑽／刁钻 (diāozuān)
刁鑽古怪／刁钻古怪
幫懶鑽閑／帮懒钻闲
幫閑鑽懶／帮闲钻懒
見縫就鑽／见缝就钻
賣李鑽核／卖李钻核
踰牆鑽穴／逾墙钻穴
踰牆鑽隙／逾墙钻隙
鑽仰／钻仰
鑽冰取火／钻冰取火
鑽冰求火／钻冰求火
鑽冰求酥／钻冰求酥
鑽刺／钻刺
鑽堅仰高／钻坚仰高
鑽天／钻天
鑽天入地／钻天入地
鑽天打洞／钻天打洞
鑽孔／钻孔 (zuānkǒng)
鑽懶幫閑／钻懒帮闲
鑽探／钻探 (zuāntàn)
鑽故紙／钻故纸
鑽木取火／钻木取火 (zuānmùqǔhuǒ)
鑽機／钻机 (zuànjī)
鑽火／钻火
鑽火得冰／钻火得冰
鑽灼／钻灼
鑽營／钻营 (zuānyíng)
鑽燧／钻燧
鑽牛犄角／钻牛犄角
鑽牛角尖／钻牛角尖 (zuān niújiǎojiān)
鑽狗洞／钻狗洞
鑽疾／钻疾
鑽皮出羽／钻皮出羽
鑽研／钻研 (zuānyán)
鑽穴踰垣／钻穴逾垣
鑽穴踰牆／钻穴逾墙
鑽空子／钻空子 (zuān kòngzi)
鑽謀／钻谋
鑽錢眼／钻钱眼 (zuān qiányǎn)
鑽門路／钻门路
鑽隙踰牆／钻隙逾墙
鑽頭就鎖／钻头就锁
鑽頭覓縫／钻头觅缝

Pronunciation 2 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zuàn (zuan⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zyun³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): choàn / chǹg / chùiⁿ
(Teochew, Peng'im): zeng³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵tsoe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zuàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zuàn
  - Wade–Giles: tsuan⁴
  - Yale: dzwàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuann
  - Palladius: цзуань (czuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯än⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zyun³
  - Yale: jyun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzyn³
  - Guangdong Romanization: jun³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syːn³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: choàn
  - Tâi-lô: tsuàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoaxn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡suan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡suan²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǹg
  - Tâi-lô: tsǹg
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zngx
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sŋ̍²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sŋ̍¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chùiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tsuìnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zvuix
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡suĩ²¹/

Note:

choàn - literary;
chǹg/chuìⁿ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zeng³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̀ng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɯŋ²¹³/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsoe
  - MiniDict: tsoe^去
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sø³⁴/

Middle Chinese: tswanH

Rime
Character	鑽
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	子筭切
Baxter	tswanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡suɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʷɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡suɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡swan^H/
Li Rong	/t͡suɑn^H/
Wang Li	/t͡suɑn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡suɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zuàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyun³