轎

Translingual edit

Han character edit

轎 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+12, 19 strokes, cangjie input 十十竹大月 (JJHKB), four-corner 5202₇, composition ⿰車喬)

Derived characters edit

𡅫, 𥍑

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1248, character 31
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38532
Dae Jaweon: page 1727, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3556, character 4
Unihan data for U+8F4E

Chinese edit

trad.		轎
simp.		轿

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (喬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
驕	*krew
嬌	krew, krewʔ, *ɡrew
憍	krew, kʰrew
穚	*krew
鷮	krew, ɡrew
蕎	krew, ɡrew
喬	krew, ɡrew
簥	*krew
撟	krew, krewʔ
矯	*krewʔ
鱎	*krewʔ
敽	*krewʔ
蟜	krewʔ, ɡrew
譑	krewʔ, kʰews
蹻	krewʔ, kʰew, ɡrew, kewɢ, *ɡewɢ
繑	*kʰew
鞽	*kʰrew
趫	kʰrew, ɡrew
嘺	*ɡew
橋	*ɡrew
僑	*ɡrew
鐈	*ɡrew
毊	ɡrew, qʰrew
轎	ɡrew, ɡrews
嶠	*ɡrews
獢	*qʰrew
屩	*kewɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrew, *ɡrews) : semantic 車 + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jiào (jiao⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠˋ
(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiao⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): giu⁶, giu^6-2, kiu⁴, kiu^4-2
(Taishan, Dictionary): giau⁵
Gan (Dictionary): qieu⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khieu
(Meixian, Guangdong): kiau⁴
Jin (Dictionary): jiau³
Northern Min (KCR): giāu
Eastern Min (BUC): giêu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiāu / kiō / kiau
(Teochew, Peng'im): giê⁷ / gio⁷
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶jiau
Xiang (Changsha, Dictionary): jiau⁴ / jiau⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiào
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiào
  - Wade–Giles: chiao⁴
  - Yale: jyàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiaw
  - Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: jiao⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiau²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: giu⁶, giu^6-2, kiu⁴, kiu^4-2
  - Yale: giuh, gíu, kìuh, kíu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: giu⁶, giu^6-2, kiu⁴, kiu^4-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: giu⁶, giu^6-2, kiu⁴, kiu^4-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːu̯²²/, /kiːu̯²²⁻³⁵/, /kʰiːu̯²¹/, /kʰiːu̯²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Dictionary: giau⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiau³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Dictionary: qieu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiɛu¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khieu
  - Hakka Romanization System: kieu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kieu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯eu̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kiau⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰiau⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Dictionary: jiau³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiau⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: giāu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiau⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: giêu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiɛu²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiāu
  - Tâi-lô: kiāu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiau
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiau²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiau³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiau⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiō
  - Tâi-lô: kiō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kioi
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kio²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kio⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kio³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɤ³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiau
  - Tâi-lô: kiau
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiaw
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiau⁴⁴/

Note:

kiāu - literary;
kiō - vernacular;
kiau - colloquial.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: giê⁷ / gio⁷
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiē / kiō
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kie¹¹/, /kio¹¹/

Note:

giê7 - Chaozhou;
gio7 - Shantou.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶jiau
  - MiniDict: jiau^去
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jjiau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑiɔ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Dictionary: jiau⁴ / jiau⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯⁴⁵/, /t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯²¹/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 轎
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕiɑu⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕiau⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕiɑu⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiɔ²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiɔ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕiau³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiau⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiɔ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕiɔ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiɔ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕiɔ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕiau³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕiau¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕiao²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiɔ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕiɔo⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiɔ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕiau⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiɔ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/d͡ʑiɔ²³/
	Suzhou	/d͡ʑiæ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑiɔ¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡ʑiɛ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰiɔ²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕio⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕiau⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕiau¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/d͡ʑiaɯ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiɛu²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰiau⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kʰeu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kiu³⁵/
	Nanning	/kiu²²/
	Hong Kong	/kiu³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kiau²²/ /kio²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kiɛu²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kiau⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kio³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kio²³/

Middle Chinese: gjew, gjewH

Rime
Character	轎	轎
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	宵 (92)	宵 (92)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	巨嬌切	渠廟切
Baxter	gjew	gjewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiᴇu/	/ɡˠiᴇu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiɛu/	/ɡᵚiɛu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiæu/	/ɡiæu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/giaw/	/giaw^H/
Li Rong	/ɡjɛu/	/ɡjɛu^H/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɛu/	/ɡĭɛu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ɛu/	/gi̯ɛu^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiáo	jiào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kiu⁴	giu⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡrew/, /*ɡrews/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	轎	轎
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10358	10362
Phonetic component	喬	喬
Rime group	宵	宵
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	喬	嶠
Old Chinese	/*ɡrew/	/*ɡrews/
Notes	見漢書	見漢書

Definitions edit

轎

bamboo carriage
sedan chair; palanquin (Classifier: 頂／顶 c)
來人啊，備轎！／来人啊，备轿！ ― Láirén a, bèi jiào! ― Men, get my palanquin ready!

Compounds edit

兜轎／兜轿
八人轎／八人轿
八抬轎／八抬轿
坐轎／坐轿
壓轎／压轿
女轎／女轿
寶轎／宝轿
小轎／小轿
山轎／山轿
彩轎／彩轿 (cǎijiào)
打轎／打轿
抬轎／抬轿 (táijiào)
抬轎子／抬轿子
暖轎／暖轿
犁轎／犁轿
發轎／发轿
看轎／看轿
神轎／神轿
舁轎／舁轿
花轎／花轿 (huājiào)
起轎／起轿
軟轎／软轿
轎夫／轿夫 (jiàofū)
轎子／轿子 (jiàozi)
轎廳／轿厅
轎車／轿车 (jiàochē)
馱轎／驮轿
騾馱轎／骡驮轿
魂轎／魂轿

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (轎):

→ Vietnamese: kiệu (轎)

Others:

→ Indonesian: kio (“palanquin”)
→ Thai: เกี้ยว (gîao)
→ Zhuang: giuh

References edit

“轎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“Query for 轎”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

轎

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings edit

On (unclassified): きょう (kyō)
Kun: かご (kago); やまかご (yamakago)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

轎 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

轎: Hán Nôm readings: kiệu

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