茜

Translingual edit

Han character edit

茜 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿一金田 (TMCW), four-corner 4460₁, composition ⿱艹西)

Derived characters edit

𣺋

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1027, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30871
Dae Jaweon: page 1486, character 24
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3200, character 12
Unihan data for U+831C

Chinese edit

trad.		茜
simp. ^#		茜
alternative forms		蒨𦵻𦴛𦻤

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (西) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
粞	sɯːl, sɯːl
洒	sraːls, sɯːlʔ
西	*sɯːl
卤	*sɯːl
卥	*sɯːl
栖	sɯːl, sɯːls
茜	*sʰɯːns
哂	*hjɯnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰɯːns) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 西 (OC *sɯːl).

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiàn (qian⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sin³, sin⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhiàn
(Teochew, Peng'im): cêng³ / ciang³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciàn
  - Wade–Giles: chʻien⁴
  - Yale: chyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiann
  - Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sin³, sin⁶
  - Yale: sin, sihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sin³, sin⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: xin³, xin⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːn³³/, /siːn²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiàn
  - Tâi-lô: tshiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiexn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɛn¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cêng³ / ciang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshèng / tshiàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰeŋ²¹³/, /t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: tshenH

Rime
Character	茜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	倉甸切
Baxter	tshenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰen^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰen^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɛn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰɛn^H/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰen^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰien^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰien^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cin³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰɯːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	茜
Reading #	1/1
No.	13243
Phonetic component	西
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	蒨
Old Chinese	/*sʰɯːns/

Definitions edit

茜

(～草) madder (Rubia cordifolia)
Synonyms: 蒐 (sōu), 韎 (mèi)
(literary) dark red
to dye red

Compounds edit

茜素 (qiànsù)
茜草 (qiàncǎo)

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation from modern pronunciation of its phonetic part 西 (xī).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xī (xi¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sai¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): se
(Teochew, Peng'im): si¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xī
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: si
  - Wade–Giles: hsi¹
  - Yale: syī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
  - Palladius: си (si)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sai¹
  - Yale: sāi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐi̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se
  - Tâi-lô: se
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sef
  - IPA (Xiamen): /se⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /se³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /se⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /se⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /se⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: si¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: si
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si³³/

Definitions edit

茜

Used in personal names and transcription.
茜蒂·諾哈麗莎 [MSC, trad.]
茜蒂·诺哈丽莎 [MSC, simp.]
Xīdì Nuòhālìshā [Pinyin]
Siti Nurhaliza

Etymology 3 edit

Variant of 荽.

Pronunciation edit

Cantonese (Jyutping): sai¹

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sai¹
  - Yale: sāi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐi̯⁵⁵/

Definitions edit

茜

Only used in 芫茜.

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

茜

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

madder

Readings edit

Go-on: せん (sen)
Kan-on: せん (sen)
Kan’yō-on: せい (sei)
Kun: あかね (akane, 茜)

Etymology 1 edit

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

アカネ

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Rubia

Wikipedia

Kanji in this term
茜
あかね Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Originally a compound of 赤 (aka, “red”) +‎ 根 (ne, “root”).^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) あかね [àkáné] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [a̠ka̠ne̞]

Noun edit

茜(あかね) or 茜(アカネ) • (akane)

a madder plant of the genus Rubia, especially the Japanese madder, Rubia argyi
a dye made from the roots of a madder plant
Short for 茜色 (akane-iro): madder red
a red dragonfly
Synonym: 赤とんぼ (aka tonbo)

Usage notes edit

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as アカネ.

Derived terms edit

Proper noun edit

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Akane

Wikipedia

茜(あかね) • (Akane)

a female given name
a surname

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
茜
せん Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 茜 (MC tshenH).

Proper noun edit

茜(せん) • (Sen)

a female given name
a surname

References edit

^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

茜: Hán Nôm readings: thiến

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

茜

Contents

Translingual edit

Han character edit

Derived characters edit

References edit

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

Readings edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Usage notes edit

Derived terms edit

See also edit

Proper noun edit

Etymology 2 edit

Proper noun edit

References edit

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit